Practice paper for neuroanatomyDisclaimer; the sample questions are taken from different sources as well as original questions by some of the seniors. This is NOT a past paper and you may get different questions from the ones presented here (which might be easier or tougher). Also, the level of knowledge of the actual exam setters is much higher than that of the creators of this exam paper, so what they say is the right option

1. A mother and father present to your office complaining that their newborn has a “huge head”. On examination you notice that the baby has hydrocephalus. You order an MRI which reveals dilation of both lateral ventricles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle. This is most probably due to blockage of which structures?

A. Right foramen of Lushka

B. Left Foramen of Lushka

C. Foramen of Magendie

D. All of the above

E.None of the above

2. Which is the true for the for the sympathetic supply of the face:

A. It is predominantly from the mid brain

B. Cranial nerve VII is the main source of sympathetic supply of the face

C. Ptosis results only because of disruption to sympathetic supply of face

D. Sympathetic fibres cross/ decussate in the brain stem

E. A lesion of the spinal cord at the neck can result in a constricted pupil

3. A pregnant female comes to your office complaining that she feels the baby “is not kicking yet”. You decide to do an amniocentesis. The test shows increased level of Alpha feto protein. What abnormality would you suspect, and what other malformation is associated with it?

A. Spina Bifida Occulta, associated with Tuft of hair on the back

B. Spina Bifida with meningomyelocele, associated with Turner syndrome

C. Spina Bifida with meningomyelocele, associated with Arnold Chiari type II

D. Anencephaly associated with Patau’s syndrome

E. Holoprosoncephaly, associated with Down’s syndrome

4. In above patient, maternal deficiency of which nutrient might have caused the problem?

A. Vitamin A

B.Folic Acid

C.Iron

D. Vitamin D

E. Essential amino acids

5. A 42 year old male had a road traffic accident. He fell but immediately got up. He did not complain of any neurological problems then, but after 2 hours, the patient started becoming drowsy and his Glasgow Coma Scale started to go down and he soon developed dilated pupils. This is most probably bleeding of which artery?

A. Anterior cerebral artery

B.Middle meningeal

C.Carotid

D. Middle Cerebral

E. Posterior Cerebral

6. Which is true for the Parasympathetic system

A. It has splanchnic nerves in the thorax

B.It has splanchnic nerves in the abdomen

C.In some areas, norepinephrine is secreted

D. Production of tears in the eyes is a parasympathetic function

E. Ejaculation is a parasympathetic function

7. Which is true for Sympathetic system?

A. It is most active when person is at rest

B.In some preganglionic fibres, epinephrine is secreted

C.In all postganglionic fibres, norepinephrine is secreted

D. It is the only Autonomic supply to blood vessels

E. It is present up till the sacral segments of the spinal cord

8. The Dura mater of the meninges is derived from which embryonic germ layer(s)?

A. Ectoderm

B.Mesoderm

C.Endoderm

D. Neural Crest cells

E. None of the above

9. A 12 year old child started having neurological signs. On biopsy it was discovered that the child had a midline Medulloblastoma. It was discovered that the child had dysdiadochokinesia of his right upper limb. Where would you expect the lesion to be?

A. Left Cerebral hemisphere

B.Right cerebral hemisphere

C.Right side of Cerebellum

D. Left side of Cerebellum

E. Basal Ganglia

10. Smoking prevents the following problem(s)

A. Lung Cancer

B.Bladder Cancer

C.Myocardial Infarction

D. Atherosclerosis

E. Late death

11. A 32 year old male had a motor bike accident and fractured his femur. During his fracture repair, his femoral nerve was accidentally damaged. This would result in the following disorder

A. Inability to feel sensations on his sole

B.Hyper reflexia of his knee

C.Spastic paralysis of his lower limb

D. Fasiculations in his thigh muscles

E. Upgoing Plantar reflex (Positive Babinski)

12. Asad Basheer , a second year medical student noticed that when he ate food, he could feel the taste, but could not feel the food moving around in his mouth. He could easily swallow the food. This is most probably a problem of

A. Facial nerve

B. Cranial nerve X

C. Cranial nerve IX

D. A nerve at the pontomedullary junction

E. A nerve at the middle/ upper pons

13. According to the 2017 welcome video, Adolf Hitler was most upset over what?

A. Josef Stalin had better hair than him

B.STMU has a rainbow logo

C.Winston Churchill was fat, but people still loved him

D. The French smell real bad

E. He was not invited to SIST’ 13

14. A 25 year old male has a severe headache. You discover that he also has papiledema on fundoscopy. MRI reveals that the right lateral ventricle is dilated and pushing on the surrounding structures. The source of this problem lies in the:

A. Cerebral Cortex

B.Insular Gyrus

C.Interventricular Foramen

D. Cerebral aqueduct

E. Subarachnoid granulations

15. A house officer at the local hospital is told to get an amniocentesis of a 27 week pregnant female with Polyhadramnios (increased amniotic fluid). The sample shows increase Alpha Feto Protein. What abnormality would you suspect in the unborn child?

A. Anencephaly

B.Spina Bifida Occulta

C.Spina Bifida Cystica

D. Congenital Absence of Corpus Callosum

E. Congenital Hydrocephalus

16. You are presented with a specimen of a spinal cord section. On it you clearly observe the presence of a Fasciculus Gracilis, but no Fasciculus Cuneatus. You also observe lateral horns. Based on this information, section of what level is presented to you?

A. C2

B.S2

C.C8

D. T10

E. L4

17. You are involved in neuro sciences experiments, and are presented with a section of a nerve axon along with its cell body. You know that the nerve was cut at the axon. What structure (i.e Organelle) would be particularly altered at the cell body?

A. Liposfuscin

B.Nissl Substance

C.Mitochondria

D. Cell membrane

E. Melanin

18. The following is true for the structure involved in the above question (Q 17):

A. It is known as the age pigment

B.It is derived from lysosomes

C.It manufactures Neurotransmitters and sends them to axon synapse by anterograde transport

D. It manufactures Neurotransmitters and sends them to axon synapse by retrograde transport

E. It does not serve a functional role

19. An 80 year old man accidentally hits his head on the table when bending to pick up his keys. 4 days later he comes to your office complaining of severe headache. You decide to do an MRI. What are you most likely to find?

A. A lens shaped hematoma

B. A crescent shaped hematoma

C. A diffuse bleeding pattern in his Cerebral Cortex

D. A huge clot in the third ventricle

E. A tearing of the Dura mater

20. A 35 year old Rugby player comes to your office and complains of inability to shrug his right shoulder and inability to turn his head to the left. Where would you suspect a problem?

A. Lower Medulla

B. Right Jugular Foramen

C. Left Jugular Foramen

D. Foramen Lacerum

E. Left motor cortex (area 4)

21. Who is considered the most handsome Prophet of God?

A. Prophet Yusuf (A.S)

B.Prophet Solomon (A.S)

C.Prophet Ibrahim (A.S)

D. Prophet Noah (A.S)

E.Prophet Musa (A.S)

22. Which of the following is not part of a monosynaptic reflex?

A. Receptor

B.1a fibre

C.Interneuron

D. Alpha motor neuron

E. Synapse

23. Lou Gehrig was a famous American Baseball player in the 1930s who suffered from Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS). This disease was later named after him. Currently, Stephen Hawking, the famous physicist also suffers from this disease. Which tracts are involved in ALS?

A. Fasciculus Gracilis and Cuneatus

B.Corticospinal Tract only

C.Ventral horn of spinal cord at all levels

D. Both Corticospinal tract and Ventral horn

E. The cervical and lumbar dilation of the ventral horns

24. A50 year old male is involved in a road traffic accident and sustains injury to his head. After hospitalization and rehabilitation, the patient has dysdiadochokinesia of his right hand only. Which part of the cerebellar cortex is most likely involved

A. Anterior Vermis

B. Posterior Vermis

C. Floculonodular Lobe

D. Lateral Hemisphere

E. Left Cerebellar peduncles

25. You are presented with a histological section of a Cerebellum. Which nuclei are you most likely going to find in the medial aspect?

A. Dentate

B.Purkinje

C.Fastigial

D. Globose

E.Emboliform

26. A 49 year old male suffered a stroke. After Re-hab he had problems speaking fluently. The left corner of his mouth was drooping, but wrinkling on both sides was intact. His tongue was not atrophied, but when he was asked to protrude it, it deviated to the left. The most probable cause of the tongue deviation is:

A. There is a lesion at the medulla

B. There is a damage of the hypoglossal nerve

C. There is a lesion of the corticobulbar supply to the XII nerve

D. There is an associated problem of the hypoglossal canal

E. The rehab clinic taught him to speak in such a way that the tongue was moved to one side

27. Imaad ud Din was learning Tajweed (Quran recitation). One day he accidentally got hit in the head with a cricket ball. After recovery, his Tajweed teacher noticed that Imaad’s recitation lacked the rhythm and tune he had before. His pronunciation of words was alright. What could be the possible problem?

A. Imaad’s frontal lobe was damaged, as a result he did not feel the ambition to excel in Tajweed

B.His wernicke’s area in the non dominant hemisphere was lesioned

C.Area 45 was damaged on the right cerebral hemisphere

D. The arcuate fasiculus was damaged and this is a conduction of Aphasia

E.Left motor cortex was damaged, at the area that controlled Larynx and tongue.

28. Umair Mahmood was learning Arabic. One day he got beat up by some gangsters, who also stole his wallet. After recovery at the hospital, Umair noticed that he had problems learning Arabic. He could understand spoken Arabic, and he could speak it as well. However, he could no longer read or write Arabic. What could be the possible problem?

A. His hippocampus was damaged, due to which he forgot how to read and write

B.The angular gyrus on the non dominant hemisphere was involved

C.Posterior parieto temporal area was damaged on the left hemisphere

D. The attack had left him mentally disturbed due to which he could not concentrate on reading or writing

E.His wernicke’s area on the dominant side was partially affected.

29. The Imam of a local Masjid presented to your clinic. He says he cannot tell whether the water is cold or hot when he does ablution on his arms, but is able to tell the temperature when he washes his face or feet. He also complains of weakness when lifting his hands for prayer. What is the most likely problem?

A. There is an involvement of the spinothalamic tract and the pyramidal tract at the level of pons

B.The posterior and lateral portion of the spinal cord is involved

C.The middle or central portion of the spinal cord is involved

D. These are the initial symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

E.Premotor cortex and somatosensory association cortex are involved.

30. In the Sports day at Shifa, everyone felt that the class of 2016 would be the champions of the football tournament. However that did not turn out to be the case. Which class defeated 2016?

A. Third year

B.Fourth year

C.First year

D. Fifth year

E.College of Nursing

31. A soldier of the Pakistan Army got shot in the back during the 1965 war. After recovery and rehabilitation, the soldier could not feel any pin prick on his right lower limb. He also had a positive Babinski reflex on his left foot. What else might you expect in this patient?

A. Flaccid Paralysis of his right leg

B. Inability to feel temperature on his left thigh

C. Inability to feel vibration on his right foot

D. Hyperreflexia of his right leg

E. Loss of two point discrimination on his left thigh

32. In the movie “Ghajni” (which like many Indian movies, was a rip off of an English movie; in this case “Memento”), the protagonist had suffered a head injury after which he could only remember things for 15 minutes, then he would forget them. His memory of his life before the head injury was fairly intact. Which structures could have possibly been affected in this case?

A. The amygdala was damaged

B.The mamillary bodies were damaged

C.There was a damage to the thalamus

D. The Hippocampi were damaged

E.There is no such lesion in real life, it was only a movie

33. Osama Qureshi was sleeping during the anatomy lecture. At the end of the class, he woke up and was able to recall his dream (in which his friends had put up his pictures throughout college). What would have been characteristic of his sleep?

A. EEG would have had shown Alpha waves

B.EEG would have shown Theta waves

C.His EEG would have been similar to a person with epilepsy

D. This is a classic case of Non REM sleep

E.He would not have awakened even if he was pricked with a pin

34. In a handicap rehabilitation clinic, a medical student visits many patients. He notices that many patients have walking problems. Which of the following is the most important structure needed for walking?

A. Somatosensory cortex

B.Basal ganglia

C.Cerebellum

D. Dorsal white column for proprioceptive input

E.Legs

35. Asim Shah gets into a street fight with some street ruffians. After taking a few beatings he manages to get away. Asim notices that his wounds hurt, although he did not feel much pain during the fight. The possible explanation for the pain suppression is that there was activation of morphine receptors in the…………

A. Nociceptors

B.Spinothalamic tract

C.Periaqueductal grey

D. Substansia Nigra

E.Hypothalamus

36. You receive a patient in your Clinic with a history of stroke. The patient complains of upper motor neuron signs on the left side of his body. The left corner of his mouth is also dropping and his right pupil is deviated laterally. His corneal reflex is intact on both sides. Where would you suspect the lesion?

A. Right motor cortex

B.Left side of the pons

C.Right side of the Midbrain

D. Left side of the midbrain

E.Right side of the pons

37. You get a chance to visit a neuroscience laboratory, where they are conducting experiments on cats. They remove a segment of a cat’s brain. When you visit the facility again in a month. You notice that the cat they experimented on is still alive, but noticeably fat. When you approach it, it exhibits its claws and starts snarling and hissing. What is the most probable cause of this?

A. The cat is angry at the experimenters for messing with its brain

B.The lateral zone of the hypothalamus was removed

C.The ventromedial zone of the hypothalamus was removed

D. There cat has developed obesity due to an endocrine disorder of the pancreas

E.The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus was removed

38. Second year medical students were taught how to check neurological reflexes in their Scil lab session. They were told to remember the root of the biceps reflex. What is the root of that reflex?

A. C3-C4

B. L1-L2

C. C5-C6

D. C7-C8

E. C8-T1

39. A patient suddenly develops hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound). Which nerve is involved in this case and where?

A. VIII nerve in the brain stem

B.Facial nerve in the brain stem

C.Facial nerve in the facial canal

D. Facial nerve in the internal auditory meatus

E.Vestibulocochlear nerve in the internal auditory meatus.

40. Mohsin is lifting weights at the gym one day when his left biceps tendon ruptures. This is most probably a defect of;

A. Muscle spindle sending impulses through 1a fibres

B.Muscle spindle sending impulses through 1b fibres

C.Golgi tendon organ sending signal through 1a fibres

D. Golgi tendon organ sending signal through 1 b fibres

E.Gamma motoneurons

41. Sulman was under a lot of stress due to his CR duties, that he suffered a stroke. When he recovered, he had spontaneous, violent jerking movement of his right arm. This is due to lesion of;

A. Motor cortex

B.Right hemisphere of the Cerebellum

C.Substansia nigra of midbrain

D. Subthalamus

E.Thalamus

42. Furqan Sattar borrows Osama Qureshi’s motorbike. When Furqan comes back, Osama notices that the left corner of Furqan’s mouth is drooping and that he is unable to close his left eyelid. How would you explain this odd phenomenon to Osama?

A. Furqan had suffered an accident on the way, which had resulted in his right facial nerve being cut.

B.Furqan’s right motor cortex had suffered a micro infarct

C.Furqan’s left trigeminal nerve was damaged

D. Furqan had developed left sided Horner’s syndrome

E.Furqan was not wearing a helmet, and this might have happened due to his face being exposed to the cold

43. Fasih Sami complains of diplopia. When you examine his eye movements you notice that his right eye is not moving in any direction. He had a history of eye infection previously, as well as a boil above his upper lip. You suspect a case of Cavernous sinus thrombosis. What else you might expect in this situation?

A. Absent jaw jerk reflex

B.Disruption of colour vision

C.Inability to feel sensation on the chin

D. Lack of sensations on the cheek bone

E.Inability to close the eye

44. Abdul Ahad notices that he is unable to hit shots in table tennis and he tends to miss the ball. When he tries to grab a glass of water, his hand starts to tremble and shake. Doctors tell him he also has dysmetria. These symptoms are most probably a problem of……..

A. Vermis of cerebellum

B.Floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

C.Intermediate zone of cerebellum

D. Area 4 of the cerebral cortex

E.Basal ganglia

45. A 65 year old male hypertensive has a vascular occlusion of the brain stem. He has loss of proprioception and fine touch on the right side of the body, below the face (but there is no loss of pain or temperature). The physician also notes that there is a positive Babinski on his right foot, along with paralysis. When asked to protrude the tongue, it deviates to the left. Which artery is involved in this case?

A. Posterior inferior cerebellar

B.Vertebral artery

C.Anterior inferior cerebellar

D. Posterior cerebral

E.Basilar artery

46. A patient has complete right sided facial paralysis. There is also loss of pain and temperature on the left side of the body, below the neck. It is discovered that there is an occlusion of the Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). What else are you likely to find in this patient?

A. Positive Babinski in left foot

B.Positive Babinski in right foot

C.Loss of proprioception on left side of the body

D. Right sided pin point pupil (Miosis)

E.Atrophy of left side of tongue

47. An epileptic patient has recurrent seizures, uncontrolled by medication. The focal area of epileptic discharge is removed in a brain surgery. After the operation, the patient is unable to recognize her family members’ faces (prosopagnosia/ prosophenosia), until they speak to her. What structure was affected that resulted in this disorder?

A. Hippocampus

B.Infero medial temporal lobe

C.Area 41 and 42

D. Area 5 and 7

E.Frontal eye field (area 8)

48. Another recurrent epileptic also has a portion of her brain removed. After the operation, he develops a very placid/ docile behavior. He becomes very curious and amused by everyday household objects. He also displays an increased desire for sexual activity. Which structure was most probably removed in this patient?

A. Amygdala

B.Hippocampus

C.Thalamus

D. Mamillary bodies

E.Frontal lobe

49. A medical student receives some past papers from his senior. What is the stupidest thing he can do right now?

A. Memorize every single question in the hopes that the exam would repeat

B.Sell them to his classmates

C.Share the link on facebook, so that the anatomy professor finds out

D. Accept any answer marked on the past paper as the “Ultimate Truth”

E.Any/ all of the above

50. Usama Saif falls from the roof and injures his head. After 3 months his friends go to meet him and decide to practice what they learned in neuro anatomy. Turns out Usama has asteorognosis on his right hand. Which are is involved?

A. 3,1,2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 5,7

E. 39

51. A 59 year old male develops an expressionless face and a tremor on his right hand that disappears when he moves it voluntarily. He also has a shuffling gait. Where would you suspect a problem?

A. Midbrain

B.Pons

C.Cerebellum

D. Brodmann Area 4

E.Brodmann Area 6

52. A patient, with history of stroke, comes to you complaining of loss of all sensations (pain, temperature, vibration, fine touch) on his left leg and pelvis. Involvement of which artery would you suspect?

A. Right Anterior cerebral

B.Left Anterior Cerebral

C.Left middle Cerebral

D. Right middle Cerebral

E.Right posterior cerebral

53. You are carrying out a high level research on the spinal cord. A cut section is brought to you at C8 level. Which of the following cells are you likely to find in the white matter?

A. Schwann cells

B.Ependymal Cells

C.Oligodendrocytes

D. Pyramidal cells

E.Eosinophils

54. You now examine a cut section of the cerebral cortex. You know that this histological specimen is obtained from Brodmann area 4. Which cell layer is most significant in this section?

A. Layer I

B.Layer III

C.Layer IV

D. Layer V

E.Purkinje cell layer

55. A 24 year old male was involved in a road traffic accident. Afterwards he was in a coma. When he awoke, he could not move any part of his body or speak. Only his voluntary eye movements were intact and he could not even breathe on his own. This is most representative of……

A. Brain death

B.Persistent Vegetative state

C.Locked in syndrome

D. Post traumatic stress disorder

E.Weber Syndrome

56. In 1453 AD, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople (present day Istanbul in Turkey). It was one of the greatest victories in history; the Byzantines had blocked the ocean channel through which ships could enter Constantinople. However, the Ottoman army took their ships over the mountains (on land) over the other side to enter into Constantinople. What was the Sultan called?

A. Muhammad Fateh (Mehmet II)

B.Salahuddin Ayubi (Saladin)

C.Khalid bin Waleed (the sword of Allah)

D. Harun Al-Rasheed

E.Muhammad bin Qasim

57. Which of the following is not associated with the circle of Willis?

A. Internal carotid artery

B.Anterior communicating artery

C.Posterior cerebral artery

D. Basilar artery

E.Anterior cerebral artery

58. Abu Bakar suffered a stroke. A few months after the stroke, he was examined in the neurology clinic. He walked in the office, with a balanced gait and arms swinging equally. He sat down, chatted with the physician for a few minutes. The physician asked him to flex his right arm, but when he was asked to flex his left arm, he was unable to carry out that command. What is the possible explanation of the above findings

A. His Wernicke’s area on the right hemisphere is damaged, that is why he cannot follow commands related to right hemisphere

B.Brodman Area 6 is damaged

C.Brodmann area 4 in the right hemisphere is damaged

D. Anterior 2/3rds of the corpus callosum are damaged

E.There is an upper motor neuron lesion on the left side of spinal cord.

59. During a neurological examination, you notice that when you stimulate the patient’s right cornea with a wisp of cotton, both eyes blink. But when the left cornea is touched with the cotton there is no response. You might also expect your patient to have

A. A dry eye

B.Altered sensations on the skin of his cheek

C.A dilated pupil on the left

D. Altered sensation around the eyebrow

E.An inability to wrinkle the forehead

60. You observe that a patient has a left sided deviated uvula when he says “ah”. He also complains of loss of pain and temperature on the right side of his face and the left side of the rest of his body. Based on this information, how would you classify the lesion?

A. Right lateral medulla

B.Left lateral medulla

C.Left medial medulla

D. Right medial medulla

E.Posterio medial medulla

61. A patient suffers a stroke and presents with weak right limbs, a mandible that protrudes to left upon protrusion, and anesthesia of the face and scalp. Where is the lesion?

A. Pons

B. Trigeminal Nerve

C. Posterior limb of internal capsule

D. Medulla

E. Paracentral lobule of cortex

62. A stroke victim presents with loss of all sensations on the right side of his body as well as face. There is also a positive Babinski, hyperactive biceps reflex and paralysis of his right limbs. The right corner of his mouth is drooping but wrinkling is intact on both sides. Where would you suspect a lesion?

A. A lesion of the middle cerebral artery affecting Brodmann area 3,1,2 and 4 on the left side

B.Posterior limb of the left internal capsule

C.Left sided occlusion of posterior cerebral artery, affecting the mid brain

D. Spinal cord hemisection of right side along with facial nerve paralyses

E.Lateral part of lower pons is being involved

63. A 50 year old man looks at you as if he doesn’t understand what you are saying. His speech is intact and fluent, but isn’t making much sense. He seems totally unaware of his speech and comprehension problem. You suspect that this patient has;

A. Conduction Aphasia

B.Alexia with Agraphia

C.An expressive aphasia

D. A sensory Aphasia

E.Lesion of wernicke’s area on the non dominant hemisphere

64. A lawyer suffers a bad fall that results in a head trauma. His motor, sensory and language skills are intact. In the following weeks he begins to lose interest in his work and he doesn’t seem to care much about his family. The trauma most likely affected the:

A. Lateral nucleus of the Thalamus

B.Lateral zone of hypothalamus

C.Limbic system

D. Frontal lobe

E.Parietal lobe

65. A 30 year old business man has to fly frequently from one country to another, as a result of which he suffers continuous jet lag and altered sleep cycle. Which area is involved in control of circadian rhythm?

A. Amygdala

B.Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

C.Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

D. Substansia Nigra

E.Subthalamus

66. A patient presents with muscle weakness, fasciculations and suppressed reflexes. The most likely area of lesion in the spinal cord is

A. Dorsal horn

B.Ventral horn

C.Lateral horn

D. Dorsal column

E.Ventral white commisure

67. After a repair of an aortic aneurysm, a patient awakes with neurological signs, which the neurologists attribute to temporary occlusion of the feeder arteries to the anterior spinal artery. Which of the following neurological signs would you least likely observe in this patient?

A. Bilateral loss of pain and temperature below the site of the occlusion

B.Bilateral weakness below the site of lesion

C.Bilateral loss of vibratory sense below the site of occlusion

D. Bilateral Babinski signs

E.None of the above

68. Which of the following signs are you least likely to expect in a patient who has experienced a lesion in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum?

A. A tendency to fall to the right

B.A right intention tremor

C.A Romberg sign

D. Inability to rapid alternating movements on the right side

E.Scanning dysarthria

69. You observe a patient who has a pill rolling tremor and a shuffling gait. Reduced levels of which neurotransmitter has resulted in this case?

A. GABA

B.Dopamine

C.Glutamate

D. Acetylcholine

E.Serotonin

70. Which of the following cranial nerves does not relay at the thalamus at all?

A. CN X

B.CN V

C.CN I

D. CN VII

E.CN VIII

71. In the brain, the blood is kept separate from the brain matter and is not in direct contact (except in some areas like hypothalamus). From the following, the most important cells involved in this blood brain barrier are;

A. Oligodendrocytes

B.Microglia

C.Schwann cells

D. Astrocytes

E.Pinealocytes

72. In clinical practice, one of the contraindications of a lumbar puncture is a raised intra cranial pressure (ICP), possibly due to CSF. What is the most dangerous complication if lumbar puncture is performed when the ICP is raised

A. Herniation of the brain stem through the foramen magnum

B.Papilledema, that would result in blindness

C.Sudden drop of ICP through lumber puncture would result in pull of meninges and a sharp headache would occur

D. The spinal cord could be damaged

E.There could be a rupture of the middle cerebral artery, leading to infarction of internal capsule

73. Asad Basheer notices that he has jaw weakness now. This is most likely due to involvement of Mandibular division of Trigeminal (V3). Where does this nerve pass through?

A. Superior orbital fissure

B.Foramen Rotundum

C.Foramen Ovale

D. Foramen spinosum

E.Foramen lacerum

74. The primary nutrition supply of the brain is glucose. However, in extreme cases of lack of glucose, what is the alternate food source for the brain?

A. Amino acids

B.Triglycerides

C.Fatty acids

D. Fructose

E.Ketones

75. Reticular formation is involved in cortical arousal, and it must be actively inhibited to achieve the state of sleep. What is the primary neurotransmitter produced at the locus cerealus?

A. GABA

B.Epinephrine

C.Norepinephrine

D. Glutamate

E.Acetylcholine

76. A 60 year old male has persistent headaches. An MRI is advised which shows a mass in the parietal lobe. What is the explanation for the pain of headache?

A. The tumor is pressing on the post central gyrus

B.The tumor is irritating the thalamus

C.The dura is being stretched

D. It is irritating the white matter

E.It is causing excessive production of CSF

77. The brain stem cranial nerves are involved in some reflexes. Which of the following cranial nerves are paired with the correct action?

A. Corneal reflex, afferent limb is CN VII

B.Pupillary reflex; efferent part is abducens nerve

C.Jaw jerk reflex; efferent is facial nerve

D. Jaw jerk reflex; afferent is Trigeminal

E.Pupillary reflex; afferent is CN I

78. How are you feeling about the test so far?

A. Great, I felt I was prepared for it

B.Awful, I realize I don’t know anything

C.This test is a joke, my little brother could do a better job

D. I’m traumatized, after this I am going to the washroom and cry in the cubicle.

E.Same old, I didn’t study then, and I’m not gonna do it after this either.

79. A person sufferes an accident, after which he is still able to hear from both ears, but he can’t tell where the sound is coming from. This is a lesion of

A. Cranial nerve VIII

B.Cochlear nucleus at the medullo pontine junction

C.Unilateral lesion of Brodmann Area 41 and 42

D. Bilateral lesion of the primary auditory cortex

E.Lesion of facial nerve, supplying the stapedius muscle

80. A female patient has suffered a stroke. She has difficulty copying simple diagrams eventhough she hears and understands your requests to do so. You notice that she only has make up on the right side of her face and does not seem to know where her left hand is in space. Which artery is most probably involved?

A. Left Vertebral

B.Right middle cerebral

C.Left anterior cerebral

D. Right posterior cerebral

E.Right anterior cerbral