practice-based research methods for new media design in ... · 5.2/ museum and university sample...
TRANSCRIPT
11 Practice-Based Research Methods for New Media Design in Museums
and Interpretive Interactive Environments ..
What practice-based research methods allow the design and
development of an interactive touch screen interface for children between
the age of 6-13 years, which is informative, engaging and exploratory
within the Powerhouse Museum Sydney?
By
Kylee Vogel
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Masters of Design by Research
University of Technology Sydney
2010
University of Technology Sydney
Faculty of Design Building and Architecture
Submission of Masters Thesis
Candidate's Certificate of Authorship
I certify that this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being
submitted as part of candidature for any other degree.
I also certify that this thesis has been written by me and that any help that I have received in
preparing this thesis , and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis
Candidates Name:
Kylee louise Vogel
Signature of Candidate:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my parents, Marlene and Robert Vogel, for their support, belief, patience
and encouragement during the highs and lows throughout my research. I would also like to
thank my brother, Dean Vogel, for his guidance and direction.
I would like show my appreciation to those who have assisted me throughout my design and
research for this thesis including, Chris Bowman, Dr. lan Gwilt, Matthew Connell, Dr. Lawrence
Wallen, Catherine Nguyen, Pagna Ung, those from Games Lab and CCS, and all the people
that provided critical feedback or assisted in the progression of my work.
CONTENTS 1/ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... x
2/INTRODUCTION ... ........... .. ........................ .............. ..... .............. .. .................. .................................. 1
3/FORMATIVE RESEARCH ANALYSIS .............. ..... .. ........................ ........................ .............. .......... 9
3.1 /Introduction .......... ... ...... ... ... .. ........................ ...... ......... ....... ...................................................... 9
3.2/User Experience and lnteraction ..... ....... .................................................................................. 9
3.3/Testing and Evaluating Learning and Experiences in Museums ... .......... .... ..... .................. 10
3.4/lnteractive Museum Exhibition Spaces ... ............ ... ..... ............... .... .... ...... .......... ............ .. .. .. 13
3.5/lnteractive Interfaces .................. .................. .. ......................... .............. ..... .. ......................... 15
3.6/Current Interactive Touch Interface Design Analysis ............. ............. ................. .... ....... .... 17
3.7 /Conclusion .................................. .. ..... ......................... .... .......... ... .............. .............. ........... .... 22
4/METHODOLOGY: EXISTING FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS AND THE RECONFIGURED
FRAMEWORK .... ...... .... .... .... ... ........ ... ... ....... .. ... .......................... ..... ........ .... ........... ... ..... ... .... ........... 24
4.1 /Introduction .. .. .. .. .......... .. ......... .. ............. ................................................................................ 24
4.2/Perspectives and Fundamentals of Practice-Based Research ...... ... .. ..... ..... .. .. .. ...... ... ... ... 24
4.3/Three Approaches to Visualising Practice-Based Research Frameworks and Methods. 26
4.4/Why Current Practice-Based Frameworks Are Not Appropriate .... ........ ..... ...................... 27
4.5/Existing Practice-Based Research Frameworks Analysis ... ............................................... 28
4.6/A Reconfigured Practice-Based Research Framework for the Development of an
Interactive Touch Screen Interface for a Science Museum Environment. ............................... 32
4.7/Phases and Methods within the Reconfigured Framework for Practice-Based Research
for an Interactive Touch Screen Interface for a Science Museum Environment ........ .. ........ .. . 35
4.8/Conclusion ............................ .. ............ ..... ............... ... .. ....................... ................................. ... 49
4.9/PRACTICE-BASED RESEARCH METHODS WiTHihJ THE RECONFIGURED FRAMEWORK
AND REFLECTIONS ON THE METHODS .......... ........................... .. ............................................... 50
4.1 0/lntroduction ............................ ... ......................... ........................ .. .. .......... ..... ................. ...... 50
4.11 /Formative Research .... ........ ...... ... ..... ........ .... ... ..... .... ...... ... ........ .......... .. ........ ..................... . 50
4.12/Critical reflection .............. .. ....... ............... ... ........ ...... ............... ... ... ......................... ..... ...... .. 54
4.13/Design Intervention- (interpretation, conceptualisation, design reflection) ................... 56
4.14/User Centered Design ................ .. .................... ... ........................ .............. ... ..................... .. 59
4.15/Prototypes ........................ ....................... .... .................... ........ .. .... ....................................... 84
4.16/Testing and Evaluation ........ ... ........ ...... ........... ..... ..... ........................... .. ............. ............... . 96
4.17 /Conclusion ........................................................ ............ ..... ............ .. .... ... ...... ........ ....... ... ...... 99
5/RESULTS ....................................................... ............................. .............. ............ ....................... 100
5.1 /Museum and University Sample Group Comparative Analysis for Activity Pack Testing
..................................................................................................................................................... 100
5.2/ Museum and University Sample Group Comparative Analysis for Paper Testing ........ 137
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5.3/ Museum and University Sample Group Comparative Analysis for Digital User Testing144
5.5/Conclusion ....................... ............................................... .. ............ ................... .... ...... .. ......... 153
6/DISCUSSION ................................. ........................ ................ .. .................................................... 155
6.1 /Experience .......... .... ........... .. ................................................................................................. 155
6.2/Functionality ........... ................ ... ..................... ....... ... ....... .. .. ... ........................ ... ........ ..... ...... 164
6.3/lnteraction ...... ....... ..... .... ........................ ... ........... .. ............................................................... 211
6.4/Design Features ......... ...... .. .. .... ... ..... ...... ........... ... .. ... .. .... ... .. ... .. .... ......................... ......... ..... 212
6.5/Conclusion ......... ............................... .. ..... .... ............ ......... .. .... ..... ........... ... ..... ............ .......... 230
7/LIMITATIONS ... .... .............. ... .. ............ ...... .. ....... .. .... ..................... .. ................ ... ... ........... ......... ... 232
7.1/Technology, Time and Budget ..................................................................................... ....... 232
7 .2/Resources and the final design product .. ... .... ............................................. .......... .... ........ 232
7.3/Digital user touch table testing ......... ...... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .... ...... .... .. ........ .. ..... ..... ...... ... .. ... ... ... 233
7 .4/Context of narrative ...... ........... .. .......... .. ............. ... ......... ... ... ........... .. ............ .. ........ ... ......... 233
7 .5/Culture ...... .... ... .............................. .. ............. .............................................. ........................... 233
7.6/Sample Environment and Context ...................... ................................................. ...... ......... 233
8/FUTURE RESEARCH ...... ............ .. .............. ... .......... .... .............. ............ ...... ............................. .. 235
9/CONCLUSION .... ..... ... .......... ...... .. .... ... ... ... ...... .... .... .. .... .... .. ......... ............... .. .. .. ......... ... .. ..... .... ... 237
9.1 /The need for data and knowledge in practice-based research frameworks .. ...... ....... .. .. 237
9.2/Cultural Probe and user centered design .... .... .... ..... ... ....... ...... ... ....... .. ... ... ...... .. ... ... ... ... ... 237
9.3/Mixed-fidelity prototype approach ..... .... .... ................ ...... .............. ....... ....... ... .. .. ... ........ .... 238
9.4/Adaptable evaluation and testing criteria ... .... .. .... .... .... .... .. .... ........ .. ..... ..... ........................ 238
9.5/0ver all outlook of the reconfigured framework ... .... .. .......... .... ... .. ... ...... ... .. ....... .... .. .. .... ... 239
9.6/Who benefits from the reconfigured framework? .... .......................................................... 239
9.7/Filling the gaps ........... .. ......... .. ... .......... .... ... ..... .... .... ...... .. ... .. ...... ........ ...... .... ....... .. ........ .. .... 240
1 0/BIBLIOGRAPHY .... .. .......... ...... ....... ... .... ... .. ............... ... .. ......... ....... .. .... ...... ... ......... .......... ..... .... 241
11/APPENDICES ............................................................. .. .......... .. .. ......... .... .. .... .............. ........ .... .. 246
List of Figures (Figure 3.1. Dangerous Creatures ' interactive at the Australian Museum in Sydney, Australia) 18
(Figure 3.2, Serendipity table at the Eureka Tower in Melbourne, Australia) ..... .. .... ..... .... .... ....... 19
(Figure 3.3 Integrating Energy' developed by Meso Labs for Messe Frankfurt in Germany) ..... 20
(Figure 3.4 Floating Numbers' at the Jewish Museum in Berlin, Germany, by Art+ Com) ........ 21
(Figure 4.1. Liz Sanders Framework of Design Research) .. .......................................................... 28
(Figure 4.2 lan Noble and Russell Bestley's Framework of Design Research) ........ ... ...... ...... ..... 30
(Figure 4.3. Jen Visocky O'Grady and Kevin Visocky O'Grady's Framework of Design
Research) ......................................... .. .... ... ...... ..... .... .. .... .... .............. .............. ........... .... ............. 31
(Figure 4.4. Jen Visocky O'Grady and Kevin Visocky O'Grady's Framework of Iterative Design
Research) ........ .. .. .............................. ..... ................... ... ....... ....................................................... 31
(Figure 4.5 Reconfigured Practice-Based Research Framework) ..... ................................. .. ........ 33
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(Figure 4.6 Reconfigured Practice-Based Research Framework Methods) ................................ 35
(Figure 4.7 Cultural Probe Returns (Pacenti 1999) ........................................................................ 40
(Figure 4.8. Cultural Probe Package Example 1, ('Cultural Probes') ............................................ 41
(Figure 4.9. Cultural Probe Package Example 2, (Choukeir 2009) ............................................... 41
(Figure 4.9. Activity Pack Norms Question) .................................................................................... 64
(Figure 4.1 0. Activity Pack Question 1 - Memory of the Moon) .................................................... 65
(Figure 4.11. Activity Pack Question 2 - Future Moon) .................................................... .......... ... . 66
(Figure 4.12. Activity Pack Question 3 - Feelings) ......................................................................... 67
(Figure 4.13. Activity Pack Question 4 - Symbols) ........................................................................ 68
(Figure 4.14. Activity Pack Question 5 - Representations) ............. ............. .. ................................ 69
(Figure 4.15. Activity Pack Question 6- Your Sky) ....................................................................... 70
(Figure 4.16. Activity Pack Question 7- Postcard) ........................... ............. .. .......... ........... ........ 71
(Figure 4.17. Activity Pack Question 8- Perspectives) ............. .. ........... ........... .. ........... .... ..... .... .. 72
(Figure 4.18. Activity Pack Question 9- Star Chart) .... .. ................. ...... ........................................ 73
(Figure 4.19. Activity Pack Question 10- Re-naming) ............. .. ................ ... ..... ..... ... ................... 7 4
(Figure 4.20. Activity Pack Question 11 - Footprints) ...... .... ... ... .. ........... ... ......... .... ......... ..... .. ...... 75
(Figure 4.21. Activity Pack Question 12- Moon Speak) .. ....... ......... .......... ..... ......... .............. ....... 76
(Figure 4.22. Activity Pack Question 13- Moon Phases) ........ ..... ......... .. ... .... ........ ....... .... .. .... ..... 77
(Figure 4.23. Activity Pack Question 14 - Dark Side of the Moon) .... ...... ...... .. ........ .... .. ..... .. ........ 78
(Figure 4.24. Activity Pack Question 15- Moons of the Solar System) ............... ............. .......... . 79
(Figure 4.25. Activity Pack Congratulations Card) .. .... ............ ......... ......................................... .. ... 80
(Figure 5.1.1, Activity Pack Question 4, Participant 18) ...................... .............. ........................ .. 118
(Figure 5.1.2, Activity Pack Question 4, Participant 54) .. ............................................................ 118
(Figure 5.1.3, Activity Pack Question 4, Participant 55) .................. ............................................ 119
(Figure 5.1.4, Activity Pack Question 4, Participant 60) .. ................... .......... ... ............................ 119
(Figure 6.1.1. Activity Pack Question 2- Future Moon) ............................................................. 156
(Figure 6.1.2. Activity Pack Question 6 -Your Sky) ..................... .... .. ................................... ...... 157
(Figure 6.1.3. Activity Pack Question 9- Star Charts) ................................................................. 158
(Figure 6.1.4. Activity Pack Question 13- Phases of the Moon) .... ... .. ........................................ 158
(Figure 6.1.5. Activity Pack Question 15- Moons of the Solar System) .................................... 159
(Figure 6.1.6. Activity Pack Question 7- Postcards) ................................................................... 159
(Figure 6 .1.7. Observational Example for Future Moon) ........................ ...... ...... ............. ...... ..... .. 161
(Figure 6.1.8. Observational Example for Your Sky) .. ..... ..................... ......................... ............... 161
(Figure 6.1.9. Observational Example for Apollo Mission) .. ...... .............................................. .... 161
(Figure 6.1.1 0. Birds Eye View of Division of Interface into Four Access Areas) ....... ... ............. 162
(Figure 6.1.11. Multi-User Access Points on the Interface- Birds-Eye View) ............................ 163
(Figure 6.2.1. Observational and Control Panel Moons Orbiting The Interface Development 1)
......................................................................................................... ..... ..... ............................... 165
(Figure 6.2.2. Museum Sample Paper Testing- Orbiting Moons) ................... .... ... .................... 165
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(Figure 6.2 .3. Museum Sample Paper Testing- Orbiting Moons) .. .................... .. ............ ....... ... 166
(Figure 6.2.4. Final Control Panel Moon Icon) ... ....... .......... ............ ...... ..... ... .......... .............. ........ 167
(Figure 6.2.5. Final Observation Moon Icon and Confirmation Animation) ........ .... ...... .... .. ........ 168
(Figure 6.2 .6. Control Panel Moon Activation Animation to Confirm Selection) ................ ... .... . 169
(Figure 6.2.7. Initial Interface Design Birds-Eye View) ..... .. ... ... ...................... ..... .......... .... ........... 170
(Figure 6.2.8. Information Text for Future Moon Activity) ...... ...................................................... 171
(Figure 6.2.9. Information Text for Your Sky Activity) ... ...... ..... ... ... ......... ........ ............................. 171
(Figure 6.2.1 0. Information Text for Apollo Mission Activity) ...................................................... 172
(Figure 6.2.11. Information Text for Control Panel Welcome) ..................................................... 173
(Figure 6.2.12. Information Text for Future Moon Activity) .... ........ .......... ...... .. ...... ... ................ .. . 173
(Figure 6.2.13. Information Text for Your Sky Activity) .................... ..... .... ...... .... .............. ........... 174
(Figure 6.2.14. Information Text for Apollo Mission Activity) ................................ .. ..... ... ............ 17 4
(Figure 6.2 .15. Information Text for Observation Moon Welcome) ........ .... ......... .. ... .. ...... ...... .... 175
(Figure 6.2.16. Information Text for Control Panel Welcome) .. ...... ....... ...... ..... ... .. .... ........... ... .. .. 176
(Figure 6.2.17. Information Text for Future Moon Activity) ..... .. ... ........... .... .. ......... .. ... ................ . 176
(Figure 6.2.18. Information Text for Your Sky Activity) ...... ............. ... ... ..... ..... ............................. 177
(Figure 6.2.19. Information Text for Apollo Mission Activity) .. .... ..... ... .. ........ ... .......... .. .. ..... ........ 177
(Figure 6.2.20. Information Text for Observation Moon Welcome) ..... .......... ..... ......... .... ..... ... ... 178
(Figure 6.2.21 . Physical Puck and the Interface Concept) ..... .... ..... ..... .. .. .......... ... ....... .... ......... .. 180
(Figure 6.2.22. Separate Digital Components within the Interface Concept) ...... ....... ..... .... ... ... 180
(Figure 6.2 .23. Contained Digital Components within the Interface Concept) ...... .... ........ ........ 181
(Figure 6.2.24. Tools Rotation) .... ......... ..... .. ...... .. ... ... ... .... .. .. ... ... ........ .. .... ... ..... ....... ........ ... ........... 181
(Figure 6.2.25. Paper Testing Museum Sample, Use of Elements 1) ..... .. .. .... ..... .. ..... ................ 182
(Figure 6.2.26. Paper Testing Museum Sample, Use of Elements 2) ........ ... ........... .. .. ....... ........ 183
(Figure 6.2 .27. Options Buttons Development 1) ... ......... .. ...... ...... ..... ..... ....... .. .... ...... .... .... .... ...... 184
(Figure 6.2.28. Options Buttons Development 2) ................. .... ...... ............ ... .. ..... ...... ... .......... .... . 185
(Figure 6.2.29. Options and Tools Buttons Separation, Development 3) ..... ............. .. .. ......... .. . 186
(Figure 6.2.30. Type Palette with Space Button at The End) .. ....... ........ ....... ... ............... .. .. ........ 187
(Figure 6.2.31. Close up of Space Button for Type Palette) ......... ......... ... .. ....... ..... .. .. ....... ..... .... 187
(Figure 6.2.32. Space Button Concept 2) ... ...... .......... ...... ................... ... ... ... .. ....... ............. ...... .... 187
(Figure 6.2.33. Type Palette with Erase Button at The End) .. ... ............. .. ... .. ... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... 188
(Figure 6.2.34. Close up of Erase Button for Type Palette) ... .. ............ ............. ..... ... .... ... ... .. ... .. .. 188
(Figure 6.2.35. Erase Button Development 1) ... ... ... .... .. ... ..... ......... .. .. .. ......... ........ .... ......... .......... 189
(Figure 6.2.36. Erase Button Development 2) ........................ .. ............ .......... .. ....... ............ ......... 189
(Figure 6.2.37. Digital User Testing, University Sample, Drawing Erase Sequence 1) ..... ... .. .. . 190
(Figure 6.2.38. Digital User Testing, University Sample, Drawing Erase Sequence 2) .......... ... 190
(Figure 6.2.39. Digital User Testing , Museum Sample, Text Erase Sequence 1) ......... ... .......... 190
(Figure 6.2.40. Erase Button Final Concept) ..... ... .......... .... ... ... .............. .. ............ .... .......... .. .. .... .. 191
(Figure 6.2.41. Tools Button Development 1 Animation) ... ..... .......... ...... ............ .. ... ....... .... ......... 192
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(Figure 6.2.42. Tools Button Development 2 Animation) ............................................................. 192
(Figure 6.2.43. Tools Button Development 3) ............................................................................... 193
(Figure 6.2.44. Drawing Palette Development 1) .......................... .......... .... ...... ............. ... ........... 194
(Figure 6.2.45. Participants Representations of Craters from Activity Pack Testing) ............... 195
(Figure 6.2.46. Drawing Palette Development 2) ......................................................................... 196
(Figure 6.2.4 7. Drawing Palette Development 3) .......... ....... ........................................................ 197
(Figure 6.2.48. Type Palette Development 2) ............................................................................... 198
(Figure 6.2.49. Type Palette Development 3) ............................................................................... 199
(Figure 6.2.50. Type Palette Selection Effects) ... .............. .......... ....... ....... ................... .............. .. 200
(Figure 6.2.51. Type Palette Text Movement Feature) ............ ...... .. .............. .............. ................ 200
(Figure 6.2.53. Apollo Mission Symbol Development 1 ) .............................................................. 201
(Figure 6.2.54. Apollo Mission Activity Symbol Development 2) ................. ............. ....... .. ......... 201
(Figure 6.2.55. Apollo Mission Activity Vector Symbols References) .... ...... .. ...... ......... .............. 202
(Figure 6.2.55. Apollo Mission Image Examples) .................. ....... ..... ............... ............ ................ 203
(Figure 6.2.56. Apollo Mission Activity Symbol Development 3) ............. ................ ............. ...... 204
(Figure 6.2.57. Apollo Mission Activity Symbol Final Design) ... ............ .............. ........ ...... .......... 204
(Figure 6.2.58. Save Process Map) .... ....... .. .. .......... .. .. ......... ..... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ... . ., ... .. .. .. .... .. ... ..... 205
(Figure 6.2.59. Exit Button Development 3) ...... ..... ........... ....... .......... .. .... .... .... .. ... .. .. ........... .... ..... 206
(Figure 6.2.60. Exit, Save and Email Windows) .... ..... ....... ....... ... .............. ... ............... .............. .. .. 206
(Figure 6.2.61. Sound Allocation Map) .... .. ............. ......... ..... ........ .. .... .............. ............................ 207
(Figure 6.2.62. Panel Title Design Development 1) ............................ .............. .................... ........ 208
(Figure 6.2.63. Panel Title Design Development 2) ................................. ............... ... ... .. .............. 208
(Figure 6.2.64. Panel Title Design Development 3) ........ .. ............... .............. ............................... 209
(Figure 6.2.65. Control Panel Title Design Development 4) ............ .... ...... ..... .. ..... .... .................. 210
(Figure 6.2.66. Observational Panel Title Final Design) ..... ...................... .................................... 210
(Figure 6.4.1. Interface Orbiting Paths- Birds-Eye View) ... ...................................... ..... ...... .... .. . 213
(Figure 6.4.2. Basic Panel Circular Design Development 1 ) ....................... .......... .. ..................... 214
(Figure 6.4.3. Basic Panel Circular Design with Buttons Development 2) ............ ...... .... ... ........ 214
(Figure 6.4.4. Basic Panel Circular Design with Media Development 3) .. .................................. 214
(Figure 6.4.5. Initial Control Panel Concept Sketches) ...... ............... ..... .... .. .. .. ............................ 216
(Figure 6.4.6. Control Panel Concept 2) ....................................................................................... 217
(Figure 6.4.7. Control Panel Concept 3) ..... .. ............................. .. ................................................. 217
(Figure 6.4.8. Control Panel Division of Sections Development 1) ............................................. 218
(Figure 6.4.9. Control Panel Division of Sections Development 2) ... .............. ........ .... ... .......... ... 219
(Figure 6.4.1 0. Initial Observational Moon Icon Design Development 1) ................................... 220
(Figure 6.4.11. Observational Panel Basic Design Layout Development 1 ) ............................... 221
(Figure 6.4.12. Observational Panel Design Breakdown Development 2) ................................. 222
(Figure 6.4.13. Observational Panel Design Breakdown Development 2 Screen Shot) ........... 222
(Figure 6.4.14. Interface Colour Scheme) ................... ... ............... ......... ....................................... 223
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(Figure 6.4.15. Exit Button Development 3) .................. .......... ..... ................ ................................. 224
(Figure 6.4.16. Reset Button Development 3) .............................................................................. 224
(Figure 6.4.17. Save Buttons Colours) .... ........................ .............................................................. 224
(Figure 6.4.18. Background Image Exploration Development 1) ................................................ 225
(Figure 5.4.19. Background Image Exploration Development 2) ................................................ 226
(Figure 6.4.20. Final Interface Background Image, Solid) ........................................................... 227
(Figure 6.4.21. Final Interface Background Image, Circular) .................................... ......... ...... .... 227
(Figure 6.4.22. Image Quality Comparison) ... ............................................................................... 228
(Figure. 6.4.23. Vector Image Research Examples) ..................................................................... 229
(Figure 6.4.24. Vector Scientific Line Work) ............................................................................ ..... 230
LIST OF TABLES (Graph 5.1.1) .................... ..... .... ..... ............ .... ....... ..... .... .. .. ... ............. ........ ............. ....................... . 101
(Graph 5.1.2) ................ ................................ ....... .. .......................................................................... 102
(Graph 5.1.3) ... .... ...... .. ... ..... .... .. ....... .................................................... .... ......... ... ... ...... ...... .. .......... 102
(Graph 5.1 .4) ... ...... .. ......... .. .. .. ................. ....... ....................................................... .... ............. ......... 103
(Graph 5.1.5) ................................................................. ........................... ... .................................... 103
(Graph 5.1 .6) ... ... .. ... .. ... .................. .. ............ .. ............ ........ .. ........... ..... ........................................... 104
(Graph 5.1.7) .................................... ... ......... .. ....... ....... .... ...... ... ..................................... .................. 105
(Graph 5.1 .8) ..... .... ........ ... .. ... ......... ....... ......................................... .. ............................................... 106
(Graph 5.1.9) .............................. ............ .............................................................. ... ........................ 107
(Graph 5.1 .1 0) ........... ... ... ......... .. .................. .... ........................ .... ................... .... .............. ....... ... .... 1 08
(Graph 5.1.11) ... ... .................................................. ........................... ........ ...... ... ...... .... .. ................. 109
(Graph 5.1.12) ...... ...... .. ............................ ... .... ... .. ....... .... .................... ....... ......... ..... ......... ...... ........ 110
(Graph 5.1.13) .... ... ..... ... ... ........... ..... ......... ......... ......................... .. ................................ ............ ..... . 111
(Graph 5.1.14) ........... ............. ... ...................... .. ..................... ..................... ................ .. ............... ... 112
(Graph 5.1 .1 5) ............................................... .. .................... ... .. .. .... .............. .............. ... ............. ..... 113
(Graph 5.1.16) .......................... ....... ....... ... ..... ................... .. ..................... ............................ ...... ..... 114
(Graph 5.1.17) ...... ... ...... ..... ......... .... ... .......... .. ..... ................ ............ .. .................. ...... ............. .... ..... 114
(Graph 5.1.18) ......... ....... ....................... .. ... ........ .................. ..... .. ........... .... .. ..... ..... .... .... ............ ..... 115
(Graph 5.1 .19) .......................... ......... .. ............ ........ ...... ............ .. .................................................... 116
(Graph 5.1.20) ....... .... ............... ... .. ....... ........... .......... .. ...... ... .. ...... ..... .... ............. .......... .. ................. 117
(Graph 5.1 .21 ) .... ........... ............ .......................................................... .. ... ... .... .. .... .................. ... ..... 120
(Graph 5.1.22) .. ..... .. ..... ... ..... ... ... ........ .. .. ..................... .. .. .... .............. ...... ... ... .... .... ... ...... .......... .... ... 121
(Graph 5.1.23) ....... ..... ............ ..... ........... ................ .. ....... .... ............................................................ 122
(Graph 5.1.24) ..... .. ... ..... ... ... ....... ...... ........ ................... ...... .............................................................. 122
(Graph 5.1 .25) .. .... ....... ......... ... ....................... .. ......... .. .... ... .. ... ... ........... ... ................ .. ..................... 123
(Graph 5.1 .26) ..................... .. ... ........................ .. ... .......... .. .. ........ ... ... .. ............... ... ............ ...... .. ... ... 124
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(Graph 5.1 .27) ................................................................................................................................. 125
(Graph 5.1.28) ................................................................................................................................. 126
(Graph 5.1.29) ............ ... ................................. .. ................ ........... .. ........................................... ....... 127
(Graph 5.1.30) ................................................................................................................................. 127
(Graph 5.1 .31) ..................................................................... ...... .. ............ ... ..... ....... ... ...... .... ... ......... 128
(Graph 5.1 .32) ................................................................................................................................. 129
(Graph 5.1.33) ......... .................................................. ............. .. ....................................................... 129
(Graph 5.1.34) ................................................................................................................................. 130
(Graph 5.1.35) ................................................................................................................................. 131
(Graph 5.1.36) .............................. .. ............ ..................................................................................... 132
(Graph 5.1.37) ............ .. ....... .... ......... .. .. .................................... ......... ................................... ........... 133
(Graph 5.1 .38) ................................................................................................................................. 134
(Graph 5.1.39) ................................... ................................................... .. ..... .... .... .... ....... ........ ... ...... 135
(Graph 5.1.40) ..... ....... .................................... .. ...... ..................................................................... .... 136
(Graph 5.1.41) ................ .. ... .. ....... .. ......... ........................ .. .............................................................. 136
(Graph 5.1.42) ..... .. ............. .......... ..... ............ .. ......... .............. .............. ...... ........ .... .......... ............... 137
(Graph 5.2.1) .. ........... ... ............ .. ............ .. .. ......... .............. .. .... .... .... ..... .. .. .. ...... .. ........... .... .............. 138
(Graph 5.2 .2) ......... ................. ... ..... .... ....... .. .. ......... ........ ...... ........ ...... ... ... ..... ... ... .. ... ......... .. ............ 139
(Graph 5.2 .3) .... ....... .............. ... .......... ..... ... .. .... .... ............ ..... ....... .......... .. .. ......... ..... ....... ........... ... .. 139
(Graph 5.2.4) .......... .. ..................... ......... .. .... .. ...... ..... .... .. ... ..... .... ........ .. .. .. .. .................................... 140
(Graph 5.2 .5) .... .......... ............. ... ... ........... ........... .. ............. .................. ... ... ........ .............. ... ........... . 141
(Graph 5.2.6) ....... ....... ..... .. .... ............ .. ... ... .................................. .................. ................... ..... .... .. ... . 141
(Graph 5.2.7) ................... .. ............ ....... ....... ..... ... .... .. ............ .. ..... .. .......... ............. .... ........ ............. . 142
(Graph 5.2 .8) ......... .. ....................... ........ .......... .... .. ............. ............. ... ... ........ ...... .... ....................... 143
(Graph 5.2.9) ................................................. ........ .................... .............. .... .......... ... ... ..... ... .. .......... 143
(Graph 5.3.1) ............................... .. .... ....... ..... .......... .. .. .. .... ............ ..... ............. ..... ..... ..... ...... .... ... .. .. 144
(Graph 5.3.2) ........ .. ......... ...... .......... ... ........... ... .............. ... .. ....... .... ...... ... ........ ....... .......... .... .... ....... 145
(Graph 5.3.3) .. .... .. ....... .... .... .... .. .. ........ ...... .. ........... ....... ... ............................................................... 146
(Graph 5.3 .4) .................................................. ... ................ ............. ... ... .... .......... .... .. ......... ............... 14 7
(Graph 5.3.5) ..... .......... .... .............. .. ...... .............. ... ......... ..... ...... ... ... .. ..... .............. ....... ... ... ............. 14 7
(Graph 5.3.6) ............................. .. ... ..... .. .............. .... .................. .... .. ............... ........ .... ............ .. ....... 148
(Graph 5.3.7) .. .. .... ... ................. ... .................................. ... ... .... .................. .. .... ................................ 149
(Graph 5.3.8) .................................................................... .................... .. ..... ....... ... ... .... .. .......... ..... .. 150
(Graph 5.3.9) ......... ... ............... ........ ... ..... ... ............. ... ..... ... ...... ..... .................................................. 151
(Graph 5.3.10) ... ...... ................................. ....................................................................................... 151
(Graph 5.3.11) ................................................................................................................................. 152
(Graph 5.3.12) ... .......... .................... .. ........... ...... .. ..... ... .................. .. .......... ........... .......................... 153
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1/ABSTRACT Design and research methods specifically for the development of interactive touch screen
interfaces in a museum contexts was limited to and relied on summative evaluation to
determine the effectiveness of the design. Further more, curators were relied upon to
determine content and structure narratives within the exhibitions. This resulted in a subjective
narrative and a design that doesn't necessarily engage or appeal to the audience.
The objective of the research was to develop an interactive table touch screen interface about
the Moon for children between the ages of 6-13 years within the Powerhouse Museum in
Sydney. The interface was developed using a practice-based design and research approach to
discover the necessary methods for effective design. Therefore the interactive touch screen
interface was developed from a user-centered/participatory iterative design approach, which
included a diverse range of methods.
The methods of research required for the design development were structured within a
reconfigured framework in which multiple methods of research and design were practiced to
inform and justify design decisions. The methods of research operated within an iterative cyclic
process in which a mixed-fidelity prototype was util ised. The reconfigured framework not only
provided a structure in which the design was justified by data, it also allowed for basic design
practices to be incorporated into the structure, these included critical reflection and
intervention to interpret and inform the design .
The reconfigured framework allowed qualitative and quantitative methods to feed into design
decisions. As a result of the hybrid approach a series of statistical data analysis, observation
and interpretation were necessary to decipher testing results and raw data from cultural probe,
low-fidelity and high-fidelity prototype testing and evaluations.
As well as these methods observation, unstructured interviews and cultural probe testing were
carried out informed by literature and formative research methods. These methods were
broken down into phases and roles in which the structure and relationship between each
practice is visually represented and directed. The framework was visualised to allow future
designers to utilise this structure.
The study revealed that the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and user-
centered design was essential and unavoidable for the design and development of the
interactive touch interface. This was represented by the successful design and development of
a high-fidelity prototype that proved to engage, inform and allowed an exploratory experience
for the target audience. This development was a direct result of the reconfigured framework
X
and the focus on user participation as a key component in which data, reflection and
interventions were utilised to inform the design.
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