pr e s en t s - amazon s3 · 2015-03-13 · pr e s en t s apple cider vinegar vitamin c vitamin e...

[16]Remedies T H A T S T O P D I A B E T E S

Natu�al

P R E S E N T S

APPLE CIDER

VINEGAR

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN E

BETA-GLUCAN

BETA-CAROTENE

VITAMIN D CURCUMIN N-ACETYL

CYSTEINE TAURINEGRAPE SEED

EXTRACT

ONIONS AND

GARLIC

BITTER MELON

FENU- GREEK

GINKBO BILOBA

ACETYL-L- CARNITINE

ALPHA LIPOIC ACID

[ 3 ] © Elkaim Group International, Inc.16 Natural Remedies That Stop Diabetes

I’ve said it many times before.

What you eat is the real cure for blood sugar and insulin

resistance. At the same time, the treatment of diabetes does

require supplementation because those with diabetes have

an increased need for many vital nutrients that can really

only be achieved through supplementation.

I can never tell you to stop taking your meds but if you aren’t employing at least some of the natural remedies in this special report, then your likelihood of reversing or preventing diabetes is slim to none.

In this report, you’re going to discover 16 natural remedies/supplements that have been scientifically shown to greatly assist in preventing and reversing diabetes and its complications. Some of them you’ll be able to cover if you take a good-quality, whole-foods based multivitamin (MegaFood has a great one).

Some of the other remedies in this report are a little more elusive and it’s really up to you whether you want to supplement your diet with them or not. The goal here is not to have you become a “healthy” pill popper but to provide you the most beneficial remedies that you can choose from based on your needs and budget.

To know which natural remedies honestly have value, you simply have to look at the scientific literature. Thankfully, you don’t have to because I’ve done all of that work for you. In this report, I’m going to highlight 16 natural remedies that are PROVEN to

work for any human — diabetic or not. You can find all of the references for the studies and benefits mentioned at the end of this report.

Here’s a list of the natural remedies you’re going to learn about:

1. Apple cider vinegar

2. Vitamin C

3. Vitamin E

4. Beta-glucan

5. Beta-carotene

6. Onions and garlic

7. Bitter melon

8. Fenugreek

9. Ginkbo Biloba

10. Acetyl-L-Carnitine

11. Alpha lipoic acid

12. Vitamin D

13. Curcumin

14. N-Acetyl cysteine

15. Taurine

16. Grape seed extract

I hope you’re excited to explore these natural remedies and super safe supplements because there is so much research showing they are more effective and safer than any drug you’ll ever get from your doctor.

Read and enjoy!

Your friend and coach,Yuri Elkaim, BPHE, RHN

New York Times bestselling author, The All-Day Energy Diet

Creator, Defeating Diabetes


Apple Cider Vinegar

I’m going to start this natural remedies for diabetics report by detailing what I believe to be the

MOST important (and inexpensive) remedy that every single person should have in their kitchen:

Apple cider vinegar (ACV).

For centuries, vinegar has been used for various household and cooking purposes. It is also an ancient folk remedy, claimed to help with all sorts of health problems.

The most popular vinegar in the natural health community is apple cider vinegar.

ACV has so many incredible health benefits so I’ll keep this section focused on how it can help you defeat your diabetes.

First, ACV is high in acetic acid, which is responsible for most of the potent health benefits I’m about to describe.

ACV has been shown to lower blood sugar levels, and thus its most important application to date has been in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Apple cider vinegar has been shown to have numerous benefits for insulin function and blood sugar levels:

❒ It improves insulin sensitivity during a high-carb meal by 19–34% and significantly lowers blood glucose and insulin responses.

❒ Reduces blood sugar by 34% when eating 50 grams of white bread.

❒ 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar before bedtime can reduce fasting blood sugars by 4%.

❒ Numerous other studies, in both rats and humans, show that vinegar can increase insulin sensitivity and significantly lower blood sugar responses during meals.

For these reasons, ACV can be useful for people with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or those who want to keep their blood sug-ar levels low to normal for other reasons.

If you’re currently taking blood sugar lowering medications, then this could be a great natural alternative for you.

There are also some studies showing that apple cider vinegar can help you lose weight. And this would make sense since ACV lowers blood sugar and insulin levels, two big factors in weight gain.

Several human studies suggest that vinegar can increase satiety, help you eat fewer calories, and even lead to actual pounds lost on the scale.

One study in obese individuals showed that daily vinegar consumption led to reduced belly fat, waist circumference, lower blood triglycerides and weight loss over a 12-week period:

❒ 15mL (1 tablespoon): Lost 2.6 pounds, or 1.2 kilograms.

❒ 30mL (2 tablespoons): Lost 3.7 pounds, or 1.7 kilograms.


These are obviously not earth-shattering weight loss numbers but any little bit can help. Overall, it seems like apple cider vinegar may be useful as a weight loss aid, mainly by promoting satiety and lowering glucose and insulin levels.

And it’s not just blood sugar, insulin, or weight loss benefits either. ACV has been shown to lower your risk of heart disease and stroke. There are several measurable biological factors linked to either a decreased or increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Several of these “risk factors” have been shown to be improved by ACV consumption. Although these studies were done on rats, it’s nonetheless promising to see that apple cider vinegar can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels and drop elevated blood pressure.

Apple cider vinegar also contains the antioxidant chlorogenic acid, which has been shown to protect LDL cholesterol particles from becoming oxidized, a crucial step in the heart disease process.

The easiest way to make ACV a regular part of your day is to simply add one tablespoon into your water. I start every day with a big glass of water with apple cider vinegar. I’ll often use ACV in my salad dressings as well. So many amazing benefits from such a simple and inexpensive (about $20 for an entire gallon) natural remedy.


Vitamin CYou’ve probably heard of the importance of vitamin C several times before. But did you

know that vitamin C is an important manufacturer of collagen, the main protein substance

of your body?

Collagen is important for holding together your physical structure, vital for wound healing, and healthy gums. Vitamin C is also crucial for good immune function, hormone production, and the absorption of other nutrients.

Since diabetics are often deficient, the recommended 2–9 grams per day (as stated by Nobel Prize winner — Linus Pauling) seems to be the best course of action. Once you reach what’s called “bowel tolerance” (aka. slight diarrhea) you’ll know your upper limit of vitamin C intake.

Since insulin facilitates the transport of vitamin C into cells, many diabetics do not have enough vitamin C inside their bodies. Thus, the need for more vitamin C than otherwise healthy people. If vitamin C needs are not met then you’re at increased risk of bleeding, a depressed immune system, and poor wound healing.

Research has shown that just 1–2 grams of vitamin C per day reduces the accumulation of sorbitol within cells and inhibits the dangerous glycosylation of proteins (basically, when a sugar envelopes a protein

like glue). This is important since glycosylation of proteins is strongly linked to many diabetic complications, especially eye and nerve diseases.

Although supplementation is probably best please ensure that you find a vitamin C supplement from whole food — not ascorbic acid. Most supplements use the synthetic form (and only one component of) vitamin C, which is ascorbic acid. It is NOT vitamin C — but merely a synthetic fraction of the entire vitamin molecule.

Instead, look for supplements that feature vitamin C from acerola cherries or citrus fruit (real food sources).

You can also get a lot of vitamin C by eating the right foods, especially green leafy vegetables, broccoli, kiwi, and

obviously citrus fruit. However, bear in mind that vitamin C is destroyed by oxygen so do your best to eat these foods fresh as leaving them cut and sitting around for hours will only flush away a lot of their vitamin C content.

Here’s a quick run of the TOP vitamin C foods:

Food Vitamin C (mg per 100g serving)

Acerola cherries 1,300

Red peppers 369

Guavas 242

Kale 186

Parsley 172

Collard greens 152

Source: “Nutritive value of American foods in common units.” USDA, Agriculture Handbook No. 456.


Vitamin eVitamin E functions primarily as an antioxidant. It protects against damage to your important

cell membranes, much like shingles protect the roof of your house. Without this important

vitamin, your cells would be susceptible to a lot of damage from outside forces just as if your

house’s roof had holes in it.

Diabetics appear to have an increased need for vitamin E. It not only improves insulin action, it exerts a number of beneficial effects that may aid in preventing the long-term complications of diabetes.

The recommended intake of vitamin E is 400–600 IU per day but studies have shown that even higher levels of vitamin E reduce insulin requirements. If supplementing with vitamin E it’s also a good idea to supplement with selenium (100–200 mcg/day) since these antioxidants work very closely together.

The best food sources of vitamin E (in descending order) include: Sunflower seeds, almonds, spinach, Swiss chard, avocado, turnip greens, asparagus, and beet greens.

If you do choose to supplement with vitamin E, then consider these facts:

❒ Because vitamin E is fat-soluble, it’s best absorbed when taken with a meal containing some fat.

❒ Vitamin E loses its potency when exposed to air, heat, and light, so supplements should be stored in a dark, cool place.

❒ If you are taking anticoagulants (blood thinners or aspirin) you should only take vitamin E supplements under physician supervision.

❒ If you are taking statins, do not exceed 800 IU of vitamin E because it can dramatically reduce the effects of some cholesterol drugs.

❒ High doses of vitamin E may increase the body’s vitamin K requirement (just eat more greens), and increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids (from vegetable oils found in packaged/processed foods) may increase vitamin E requirements.


Beta-GlucanBeta-glucans are a class of soluble fibers found in many plant foods. It is a very important

compound for improving heart health, regulating the immune system, fighting cancer, and

regulating blood sugar.

It is most commonly found in shiitake mushrooms, oats, and barley and research shows that consuming just 3 grams of beta-glucans per day, (roughly 1 cup of cooked oats) can lower blood cholesterol levels by 5% to 8%.

If you don’t eat oatmeal or mushrooms regularly, then you should start considering doing so because of the tremendous health benefits of beta glucans.

Fibers such as psyllium, beta-glucans, and pectin form a gel in the small intestine, which acts to delay nutrient absorption, slowing the delivery of glucose into the bloodstream and reducing the need for insulin.

These fibers’ ability to lower the sugar impact of the foods you eat and thus the insulin response. The fibrous beta glucan also binds to excess cholesterol and helps to move it out the body.

In your gut, bacteria ferment beta-glucans, producing short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which can then stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.

The appetite suppression often seen with beta glucan consumption is either the result of increased fullness or an effect of insulin regulation, either of which is highly beneficial for those with diabetes.


Beta-Carotene Beta-carotene is a strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits. We

most often link it to carrots, pumpkins and sweet potatoes because it’s the beta carotene

that gives them their rich orange color. Beta-carotene is the precursor (inactive form) of

vitamin A, both are which are very important for the health of your skin and eyes.

In many green vegetables, the color of beta-carotene is masked by chlorophyll (the green pigment) and that’s why veggies like spinach and kale are also great food sources of beta-carotene despite their green color.

But of all foods, Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil have the highest content of beta-carotene of any known plant source, 10 times higher than carrots.

Interestingly, beta-carotene has been shown to be deficient in most diabetics. And this could be in part why many diabetics are at increased risk of heart disease. Because it is fat-soluble beta-carotene circulates in lipoproteins along with cholesterol and other fats, helping to protect them in their voyage through the blood.

Since the oxidation of dangerous low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis (heart disease) and the ensuing thickness of arteries, a number of studies have found that higher blood levels of beta-carotene is associated with significantly lower measures of carotid artery thickness, and a lower incidence of heart disease.

Considering these important heart-health benefits, please do your best to eat more foods that are high in beta-carotene — sweet potatoes and pumpkin are two of my favorites.

Also, if you want to supplement, then you only need about 10,000 IU of beta-carotene per day.


Onions and Garlic

I decided to pack these two powerhouses together since they work in very similar ways.

Onions and garlic can significantly lower your blood sugar levels. The active compounds in

these plants are sulfur-containing compounds, allyl propyl disulfide (APDS) and diallyl disulfide

oxide (allicin), although other constituents, such as flavonoids, may play a role as well.

Research has shown that APDS lowers the glucose level by competing with insulin (also a disulfide) for insulin-inactivating sites in the liver. Thus, not as much as insulin is secreted to uptake glucose — a very good thing for diabetics.

Studies have also found that APDS administered in doses of 125 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight causes a marked fall in blood glucose levels and an increase in insulin — both of which are desirable for those with diabetes. Allicin, at doses of 100 milligrams per kilogram, produces a similar effect.

Overall, there is a lot of evidence — from a blood sugar perspective — for regularly eating onions and garlic. So, go ahead and enjoy them to the fullest.

And it gets even better because onions and garlic also have marked beneficial effects on your cardiovascular health. And since heart disease is a BIG risk for

diabetics, you definitely don’t want to pass on these amazing benefits.

Garlic and onions exert numerous benefi-cial effects on the cardiovascular system, including lowering blood lipids (choles-terol, triglycerides) and blood pressure.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that both garlic and onions are effective in lowering LDL cholesterol (the bad kind) and triglycerides while raising HDL cholesterol (the good kind).

In a 1979 study, researchers studied three populations of vegetarians in India. Each population consumed differing amounts of garlic and onions and the most favorable cardiovascular effects were observed in the group that consumed the largest amount.

Compared to the placebo group (who got no garlic or onions), the group that consumed 50 grams of garlic and 600 grams of onions per week had 50% lower triglyceride and 25% lower cholesterol levels! That is HUGE.

The study is especially significant because the subjects had nearly identical diets, except in garlic and onion ingestion.

So how much do you need to enjoy the heart-protecting benefits? Just 1 clove of garlic or one-half onion per day will produce good results (10% to 15% total reduction in total cholesterol levels) in most people. Although raw is best, even cooked garlic or onion is better than none at all.

And as an added benefit, eating more garlic will keep those darn vampires away :)


Bitter Melon Bitter melon also known as balsam pear, is a tropical fruit widely cultivated in Asia, Africa,

and South America. It doesn’t really look like a melon but instead a green cucumber-shaped

fruit, like a gourd, covered in tiny bumps.

Unripe bitter melon has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes for a long time. Specifically, the ability of the fresh juice or the extract of the unripe bitter melon to lower blood sugar has been clearly established as it contains several compounds with confirmed anti-diabetic properties.

Charantin, one of bitter melon’s compounds extracted by alcohol, is more potent against hypoglycemia than the oral drug tolbutamide!

Bitter melon also contains an insulin-like polypeptide, polypeptide-P, which lowers blood sugar levels when injected subcutaneously into diabetics. Since polypeptide-P appears to have fewer side effects than insulin, it has been suggested for some patients, as an insulin replacement. The oral administration of just 2 ounces of the juice of bitter melon has produced good results in clinical trials.

So where do you get bitter melon? You can usually find it at most Asian grocery stores and health food stores may carry bitter melon extract. If using the actual food, juicing to extract its juice is probably your best bet. However, be warned that the juice is quite bitter (hence the name). Funny how the best things for us are usually not the tastiest.


Fenugreek Fenugreek is an herb that is commonly found growing in the Mediterranean region of the

world. While the seeds and leaves are primarily used as a culinary spice, it is also used to

treat a variety of health problems in Egypt, Greece, Italy, and South Asia.

The seeds of fenugreek have demonstrated significant anti-diabetic effects in a large number of studies. The active ingredient is in the defatted portion of the seed, which contains the alkaloid trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and coumarin.

Administration of this defatted seed (in daily doses 1.5 to 2.0 grams per kilogram of bodyweight) to both normal and diabetic dogs reduced their levels of blood sugar, glucagon, somatostatin, and insulin, as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides. And their good cholesterol (HDL) was increased. All beneficial outcomes for diabetics.

In rats, a protective effect on pancreatic beta-cells (the ones that produce insulin) has been noted with fenugreek seed ingestion

And these same effects have been observed in humans as well. Defatted fenugreek seed powder, given twice daily in a 50-gram dose to insulin-dependent diabetics, resulted in significant reduction in fasting blood sugar and improved glucose tolerance test results.

There was also a 54% reduction in 24-hour urinary glucose excretion and significant reductions in LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride values.

In non-insulin dependent diabetics, the addition of 15 grams of powdered fenugreek seed soaked in water significantly reduced after meal glucose levels.

Benefits for glycemic control have been seen with the seeds themselves, defatted seed extract, and whole seed powder and fenugreek has even been successfully incorporated into a bread product at just 5% fenugreek flour by weight (without exerting adverse taste

effects) and lowered the glucose spikes after eating the bread in diabetics.

Studies have also found that people who took 2 ounces (56g) of fenugreek seed each day had significantly (around 14%) lower cholesterol levels after 24 weeks, and had lowered their risk of heart attack by more than 25%.

These results indicate that the diet of the diabetic or hypoglycemic should include fenugreek seeds or defatted fenugreek seed powder. The seeds can be sprinkled onto your food, or they can be consumed with water if they are in capsule form.


Ginkgo Biloba I’m about to say something pretty bold.

Medicines derived from Ginkgo biloba may be the most important plant-derived medicines in

the world — at least according to what many natural healing experts and a lot of science is saying.

The extract of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular medicines in France and Germany. In Germany alone, over 5 million prescriptions for ginkgo are written each year, yet most American physicians have never heard of it — a true disservice to their patients.

Thankfully, Ginkgo biloba extract is available in health food stores.

Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to greatly improve blood flow to the brain, where it increases oxygen and

glucose utilization, which is obviously a very good thing.

And countless studies have shown it ef-fective for reducing “symptoms of aging” like short-term memory loss, vertigo, headache, ringing in the ears, depression, and even impotence (in males).

Ginkgo extract has also been shown to improve the blood flow to peripheral tissues—the arms, legs, fingers, and toes. This is obviously important for diabetics since peripheral blood vessel problems are very common with diabetes.

In several double-blind studies involving vascular insufficiency (lack of blood flow) of the leg, ginkgo was shown to be superior to a placebo.

Not only were measurements of pain-free walking distance and maximum walking distance dramatically increased, but ultrasound measurements demonstrated increased blood flow through the affected limb.

If you are currently dealing with foot pain can you just imagine how amazing it would be to regain full feeling and function of your feet — without the pain?!

Simply astonishing stuff.

Because of its ability to increase blood flow into the even smallest blood vessels in your body, ginkgo has been shown to prevent diabetic retinopathy — the leading cause of blindness in America!

For best results, take 40 mg of ginkgo biloba extract (24% ginkgo flavoglycosides) three times per day.


Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Acetyl-L-carnitine, also known as ALC, is a well-researched nutritional supplement. It is

synthesized to provide a more bioavailable form of L-carnitine, which is a derivative of the

amino acid lysine.

L-carnitine is made naturally in the body by the liver and kidneys, and then transported to other tissues such as the brain and heart. Like L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine functions as an antioxidant and promotes the production of glutathione, a free radical scavenger, in your body’s cells.

Because L-carnitine is involved in cellular metabolism, acetyl-L-carnitine can help increase energy production in the mitochondria, the “power plants” of all cells, and thereby may generally boost physical and mental energy.

As a dietary supplement, ALC has been shown to have a protective effect on the central nervous system. A 2005 study in the journal Diabetes Care looked at the effect of either 500 mg or 1000 mg/day of ALC (over a 1-year period) in diabetics who were already suffering from neuropathy.

The study showed significant improvements in nerve fiber numbers and overall nerve regeneration in both groups and demonstrating that ALC

supplementation can be very effective in alleviating diabetic symptoms, particularly pain, and improving nerve fiber regeneration in those with established diabetic neuropathy.

How amazing is that?!?

An Italian study had type 2 diabetics infused with ALC and found that it

effectively increased their glucose disposal and utilization. They concluded this was an important therapy, especially since acetyl L-carnitine really has no side effects.

If you’re considering supplementing with ALC, 500–1500 mg per day should suffice.


Alpha Lipoic Acid

Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural sulfur-rich antioxidant in our bodies. Some experts believe that it

is the most important single supplement you can take for diabetes and blood sugar disorders.

But since we don’t really get LA from food, the only way to enjoy its benefits are through supplementation. For most people, 400 mg a day is sufficient and diabetics may benefit from up to 800 mg per day (at least for a few weeks). And don’t worry, lipoic acid is safe, inexpensive, and non-toxic, so you really can’t go too far wrong with it.

Science has shown us that lipoic acid is a co-factor of key mitochondrial enzymes, involved in the regulation of glucose oxidation. In plain English, this means lipoic acid works with your body’s enzymes to prevent glucose from being oxidized into more dangerous compounds.

It also has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, correcting several metabolic pathways known to be altered in type 2 diabetes, such as insulin stimulated glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogen synthesis.

Other studies have found that insulin sensitivity was increased from 27% to 51% in merely 10 days of supplementing with lipoic acid! This is quite remarkable and something no pharmaceutical drug has been able to claim.

In numerous other trials, LA (at 600 mg per day) has markedly reduced the symptoms of diabetic pathologies, including cataract formation, vascular damage, and neuropathies.

A large review of the literature done by a team of German researchers revealed 5 promising conclusions of LA supplementation in diabetics:

1. Short-term treatment for 3 weeks using 600 mg of lipoic acid per day appears to reduce the chief symptoms of diabetic neuropathies.

2. The effect on these symptoms is accompanied by an improvement of the neuropathic conditions.

3. Oral treatment for 4–7 months tends to reduce neuropathic deficits and improves cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

4. Preliminary data over 2 years indicate possible long-term improvement in motor and sensory nerve conduction in the lower limbs.

5. Clinical and market analysis have revealed a highly favorable safety profile of the lipoic acid.

These are all very encouraging findings for those with diabetes.


At the University of Arizona a long, well-documented review was done on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. They strongly suggest using LA as a therapy for both conditions.

The reason that lipoic acid seems so beneficial for many diabetic (and other health) complications is because of its powerful antioxidant powers.

Many of today’s health problems — from diabetes to heart disease — are strongly associated with oxidative damage inside the body. Antioxidants protect the body from this oxidative damage, thus their importance from food and in some cases supplements like lipoic acid.

In 1997, the famous Mayo Clinic did a comprehensive 16-page review, looking at 77 studies on lipoic acid and leaving no doubt as to the proven effectiveness on any disease associated with oxidative stress — including blood sugar disorders like diabetes.

I’m sure you get the point — lipoic acid can be a very effective diabetes reversing remedy for you.


Vitamin D This powerhouse is more than just a vitamin — it’s a powerful hormone. Since not all vitamin D

is the same be sure to get your vitamin D from fully exposed, sunscreen-free sun for 15

to 20 minutes three times per week. If not, use a good-quality vitamin D3 supplement like

“D Drops” or a whole vitamin D like cod liver oil. Aim for about 800 IU per day.

Although vitamin D is most known for its role in bone health, researchers are beginning to uncover its role in many other areas of your health, especially diabetes.

Doctors believe there is a link between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes because studies have shown that people who have the lowest vitamin D levels in their blood are at an increased risk of developing diabetes later in life. They also notice that people newly diagnosed with diabetes often have lower vitamin D levels than people without diabetes.

Doctors and scientists think that vitamin D may have a hand in diabetes by playing a role in your pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin action, and inflammation. Let’s look at what that means.

If you have type 2 diabetes, sometimes the beta cells in your pancreas that produce insulin don’t work the right way. Researchers are interested in vitamin D because there are specific receptors in pancreatic beta cells that only start “turning-on” if they get enough vitamin D.

Researchers think that getting enough vitamin D can help your pancreatic beta cells function properly. They have done studies on animals where they removed these vitamin D receptors, and these animals couldn’t produce as much insulin as they should.

Insulin sensitivity occurs when your body is “sensitive” to insulin. If you are sensitive to insulin, you don’t need

very much insulin to help your body turn sugar into glucose, your body’s main source of energy, because your body uses insulin well.

On the other hand, people with type 2 diabetics are often “resistant” to insulin, where their bodies don’t use insulin very well at all. People with type 2 diabetes lack sensitivity to insulin and thus have resistance to insulin.


Researchers are interested in the role vitamin D plays in improving insulin sensitivity and increasing insulin secretion. Studies have reported a link between low vitamin D and decreased insulin sensitivity.

Furthermore, vitamin D plays an important part in the regulation of calcium. Calcium helps to control the release of insulin, so alterations in calcium can have a negative effect on beta cell function, which may hinder normal insulin release. Some scientists and doctors believe that if vitamin D helps proper insulin function, some of its effects might be because of calcium.

Several studies have looked at how much vitamin D people get and if they develop diabetes later in life. There have been three recent reviews, where researchers looked at all the studies out there on vitamin D and diabetes, combined them, and determined if there was a connection between vitamin D and diabetes.

A 2011 review looked at studies where they either examined how much vitamin D people were getting by measuring their vitamin D blood level or by administering a vitamin D supplement and then following them to see if they got diabetes later in life.

They found that people with higher vitamin D blood levels (>25 ng/ml) had a decreased chance of getting diabetes later in life compared to those with the lowest levels (<14 ng/ml).

In a 2012 review, researchers looked at studies examining how much vitamin D people were getting by measuring their vitamin D blood level. The researchers then followed participants to see if they got diabetes later in life.

Again, people with the highest vitamin D blood levels had a 19% decreased chance of developing diabetes com-pared to those with the lowest levels.

In a 2013 review, researchers combined studies where they examined how much vitamin D people were getting by measuring their vitamin D blood level and then followed participants to see if they got diabetes later in life. Participants with the highest vitamin D levels had a decreased risk of diabetes compared to those with the lowest vitamin D levels. Every 4 ng/ml increase in vitamin D was associated with a 4% lower risk of getting type 2 diabetes later in life!

A trial in 2011 gave 2000 adults at high risk of diabetes either 2000 IU of vitamin D per day or 400 mg calcium. They wanted to see if vitamin D helped improve symptoms associated with diabetes compared to participants who didn’t get vitamin D. They found that vitamin D supplementation improved pancreatic B cell function — important for making insulin — and helped control the rise of blood sugar.

Among obese adolescents without diabetes, vitamin D supplementation of 4,000 IU/day improved how sensitive the participants were to insulin.

People with type 2 diabetes who were eating yogurt fortified with vitamin D (1000 IU/day) and calcium (600 mg/day) had significantly lower blood sugar levels, less inflammation, and increased glucose regulation — ensuring their body used the glucose as energy — compared to type 2 diabetes participants eating yogurt without vitamin D.

Researchers in New Zealand found that vitamin D supplementation improved insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, but only if the dose was large enough and administered over a sufficient period of time.

If you already have type 2 diabetes, there is good evidence that vitamin D may help improve resistance to insulin, increase sensitivity to insulin, and more effectively control blood sugar levels. And ensuring a minimum of 800 IU per day can be a great start.


CurcuminCurcumin is one of my favorite natural remedies. And for good reason — it’s completely safe and

provides the greatest anti-inflammatory effects of almost any food, spice, or herb on the planet.

And although you can get in your diet via curry or turmeric, most of us are simply not doing that, so supplementing with about 500 mg per day is your best course of action.

A remarkable human clinical study published in the journal Diabetes Care recently revealed that turmeric extract was 100% successful at preventing pre-diabetic patients from becoming diabetic over the course of a 9-month intervention.

The study design was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial including 240 pre-diabetic subjects who were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg of curcumin or placebo capsules for 9 months.

Type 2 diabetes progression was assessed by measuring a wide range of parameters, including changes in the insulin-producing cells within the pancreas known as β-cells, insulin resistance, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine known as adiponectin, at four different times: baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month visits during the course of intervention.

The results were reported as follows:

“After 9 months of treatment, 16.4% of subjects in the placebo group were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, whereas NONE were diagnosed with diabetes in the curcumin-treated group.”

The researchers concluded:

“A 9-month curcumin intervention in a pre-diabetic population significantly lowered the number of pre-diabetic individuals who eventually developed type 2 diabetes. In addition, the curcumin treatment appeared to improve overall function of β-cells, with very minor adverse effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the curcumin intervention in a prediabetic population may be beneficial.”

Considering that at least 40% of the US population ages 40–74 are believed to have pre-diabetes, according to CDC statistics, the health implications of this study are profound.

Curcumin, which constitutes approx-imately 3–4% of dry turmeric powder by weight, is affordable, safe and easily accessible. Moreover, over 600 poten-tial health benefits of curcumin (and/or turmeric) have been documented within the medical literature.

There’s also been research on curcumin’s potential ability to heal the diabetic liver and even a 2012 study showing benefit on all aspects of heart, at just 250 mg per day, concluding:

“We noticed slight reductions of mean body weight, BMI, WC [weight circumference] lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL-C) and blood glucose profiles (FPG and HbA1c) and a slight increase of HDL-C from the group of patients treated with curcumin. We did not see such patterns from the placebo-treated group. All together, these results indicated that curcumin extract can be used for intervention, at least for a period of 6 months, without any serious unwanted effect.”

Even though I don’t have diabetes, I take curcumin every single day — either via supplement (about 500–1000 mg per day) or by adding tons of yummy turmeric to my meals.

Now, it’s your turn.


N-Acetyl Cysteine

Glutathione is one of the body’s most powerful antioxidants. Sadly, we can’t acquire it from

food since glutathione in food or dietary supplement does not cross cell membranes, so it is

an antioxidant that must be synthesized from within the cell. Thankfully, supplementing with

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is the best way to boost your body’s glutathione levels.

Why is this important?

First of all, our antioxidant reserves de-cline with age and are typically depleted in individuals with metabolic problems such as type 2 diabetes. The core cellular antioxidant system for every cell centers on the status of how much glutathione is available inside each one.

Second, many antioxidants work synergistically with glutathione to try to keep it at optimal levels.

Two new studies show that this key antioxidant can be dramatically boosted in aging and diabetes by supplementing with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) — a natural building block of glutathione within the cell.

Researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, have conducted several interesting studies, one comparing diabetics to non-diabetics and the other comparing young to old.

Patients who are diabetic and suffering from higher-than-normal blood sugar levels induce considerable oxidative stress (there it is again) that uses up their glutathione.

This leaves them vulnerable to increased inflammation and tissue

damage, sending their health on a downward spiral. This first study showed that supplementation with NAC in diabetic patients could restore their glutathione levels to those of non-diabetic patients while drastically reducing free radical damage.


The second study showed that older adults lacked glutathione simply as a re-sult of the decline associated with aging. Again, supplementation of NAC restored the glutathione levels in older adults back to the level of younger adults.

These studies show that even in health situations reflecting low levels of glutathione, the ability to synthesize healthy amounts of glutathione still exists, as long as the raw material nutrients are provided.

Over time, chronic high blood sugar initiates a downward spiral by also creating generate advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that then impair normal responses to insulin, perpetuating elevated sugar levels. NAC has been shown reverse those effects in laboratory studies.

Increasing blood sugar levels in laboratory animals triggers a pro-inflammatory response in fat tissue—also effectively reduced by NAC. In an experiment that recreates a common human dietary trend, rats were given a diet high in the sweetener fructose, which produced increased blood pressure, plasma insulin levels, and triglyceride levels. Yet all of these dangerous physiological alterations were inhibited by NAC.

Human studies of NAC to improve insulin sensitivity have recently appeared, especially in a group of people typically very difficult to treat…

Profound insulin resistance is seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), along with a variety of other metabolic disturbances. One

study showed that NAC at 1,200 mg per day along with 1,600 mg of the amino acid arginine promoted a trend toward normal ovulatory cycles and substantially improved insulin sensitivity. A short-term study showed that 1,800 mg of NAC daily helped improve insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.

Virtually all Americans consume too many calories and are at risk for at least some degree of insulin resistance. Thus, daily supplementation with NAC at 500 to 1,000 mg per day and help reduce the impact of oxidative stress and slow the damage wrought by AGEs — and other diabetic complications.


Taurine The Japanese have a life expectancy that is among the highest in the world. In fact, Okinawa,

Japan’s famous “Island of Longevity,” likely has the world’s highest percentage of people

over 100 years old.

Undoubtedly, there are many factors that play into the life spans of the longest-living populations, but evidence shows that they all have one thing in common: high dietary intake of an amino acid called taurine.

The connection between taurine and a long life is so strong that researchers have dubbed taurine, “The nutritional factor for the longevity of the Japanese.”

Taurine promotes cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, and immune health. In animal research, taurine protected against heart failure, reducing mortality by nearly 80%.

Its benefits are so broad and extensive that scientists have described taurine as “a wonder molecule.”

Taurine is made by the body from the metabolism of the amino acid cysteine, however aging and many disease states—including liver, kidney, or heart failure, diabetes, and cancer—can all cause a deficiency in taurine. And aging bodies often cannot internally produce an optimal amount of taurine, making supplementation vital.

Taurine is the most abundant amino acid you’ve never heard of; it is found throughout the body, but especially in tissues containing excitable cells, like nerves and heart muscle — hence it’s importance for preventing diabetic complications and ensuring you live a long, healthy life.

It is a known fact that taurine concentrations are lower among diabetics than they are in healthy individuals. Fortunately, human studies have shown that supplementing with just 1.5 grams of taurine a day can restore taurine levels to those in healthy control subjects, and additional animal research has shown that taurine supplementation can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.

Normal taurine concentrations are essential in controlling diabetes and the impact of its consequences. Animal studies have found that having adequate taurine concentrations helps control diabetes by reducing blood glucose and restoring insulin sensitivity.

But it doesn’t stop there because taurine also helps prevent—and even reverse—many of the consequences associated with diabetes.

For example, in adult diabetics, supplementation with just 1.5 grams of taurine daily for just 14 days can reverse diabetes-induced abnormalities in arterial stiffness and in the ability of the vasculature to respond to changes in blood flow or pressure.


This can be critical to the longevity of diabetics, since these types of abnormalities are to blame for diabetics’ increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. In addition, studies in diabetic rats show that taurine helps protect heart function and helps prevent heart muscle damage, due in part to the ability of taurine to increase glucose transport from blood into energy-hungry heart muscle cells. In the process of increasing glucose transport into energy producing cells, blood glucose levels are lowered.

Taurine also supports nerve fiber integrity, potentially slowing or reversing painful diabetic neuropathy. And in the retina, another target of destructive elevated blood glucose, taurine fights glucose-induced oxidant stress and preserves the health of light-sensing cells in diabetic retinopathy.

Kidney damage, another consequence of diabetes, can also be minimized with taurine supplementation in diabetic animals.

Taurine occurs naturally in food, especially in seafood and meat. The amount consumed in most cultures, however, is quite low. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. In another study, taurine intake was estimated to be generally less than 200 mg a day, even in individuals eating a high-meat diet.

Considering that successful clinical studies with taurine have used daily doses of 1,500 to 3,000 mg (1.5 to 3 grams) per day, the case for supplementation is quite strong.


Grape Seed extract

Grape seed extract is the derivative of whole grape seeds that have a great concentration of

vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid and phenolic procyanidins (ie. antioxidants). One of these

powerful antioxidants includes the famous resveratrol, which is has been well-studied for its

possible effect on cancer cell growth and even life extension.

A 2013 study published in the Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling compared the effects of a grape seed extract (GSP) to the popular diabetes drug metformin (MET) in rats fed a high fat, high fructose diet (HFFD) designed to provoke insulin resistance.

The researchers discovered that both treatments reduced high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and high blood insulin (hyperinsulinemia). However, adverse changes induced by the HFFD, such as the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, leptin and suppression of cytokine signaling-3 and reduction in adiponectin, were reversed by GSP more effectively than by MET.

Proanthocyanidins are a type of secondary plant metabolites known as flavonoids found in many plants, but are particularly concentrated in cocoa beans, cinnamon, grape seeds and skin, and maritime pine bark (pycnogenol).

Proanthrocyanidins are known primarily through their antioxidant properties, but at least 20 other beneficial physiological effects have also been found.

Metformin, on the other hand, is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the biguanide class, and is used as the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is an entirely synthetic compound, whose exact mechanisms of action are unknown. What is known is that like other anti-diabetic drugs (e.g. Avandia) metformin is toxic to your heart and has been linked to increased cardiac mortality in a number of studies.

Proanthrocyanidins, and grape seed extract in particular, have been extensively researched to have protective and therapeutic properties on the cardiovascular system. Which would you rather have?

Clearly, the weight of evidence sug-gests that grape seed proanthrocya-nins hold great promise as a metformin alternative and/or anti-diabetic agent.

Unfortunately, the law forbids the medicinal use of natural substances, and lacking the $800 million plus required on average to fund the clinical trials necessary to file for FDA drug approval, health consumers are left almost entirely without guidance from conventional medical practitioners who lose their FDA-underwritten liability shield when they deviate from the drug-based standard of care.

Oral grape seed extract is taken in capsules or tablets usually containing 50 mg or 100 mg and has little to no side effects.


ReferencesJohnston, C. et al. (2004). Vinegar Improves Insulin Sensitivity to a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Subjects With Insulin Resistance or Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. vol. 27 no. 1 281-282

Brighenti, F. et al. (1995). Effect of neutralized and native vinegar on blood glucose and acetate responses to a mixed meal in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 49(4):242-7.

White, A. et al (2007). Vinegar Ingestion at Bedtime Moderates Waking Glucose Concentrations in Adults With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. vol. 30 no. 11 2814-2815

Ames NP, Rhymer CR. Issues surrounding health claims for barley. J Nutr. 2008;138(6):1273S-1243S.

Clark M, Slavin J. The effect of fiber on satiety and food intake: a systematic review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(3):200-211.

Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Nyyssonen K, Salonen R, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT. Serum lycopene concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(1):133-138. (PubMed)

Dwyer JH, Paul-Labrador MJ, Fan J, Shircore AM, Merz CN, Dwyer KM. Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plasma Antioxidants: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003. (PubMed)

McQuillan BM, Hung J, Beilby JP, Nidorf M, Thompson PL. Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. The Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment study (CUDAS). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(7):1788-1794. (PubMed)

Rissanen T, Voutilainen S, Nyyssonen K, Salonen R, Salonen JT. Low plasma lycopene concentration is associated with increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(12):2677-2681. (PubMed)

D’Odorico A, Martines D, Kiechl S, et al. High plasma levels of alpha- and beta-carotene are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis: results from the Bruneck study. Atherosclerosis. 2000;153(1):231-239

Sima, A. et al. (2005). Acetyl-L-Carnitine Improves Pain, Nerve Regeneration, and Vibratory Perception in Patients With Chronic Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care. vol. 28 no. 1 89-94

Giancaterini, A. et al. (2000). Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism. 2000 Jun;49(6):704-8.

Ghafghazi T, et al. Antagonism of cadmium and alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rats by Trigonella foenum graecum. Pahlavi Med J. (1977)

Swanston-Flatt SK, et al. Glycaemic effects of traditional European plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Res. (1989)

Losso JN, et al. Fenugreek bread: a treatment for diabetes mellitus. J Med Food. (2009)

Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107(7) 421-430. PubMed PMID: 10595592.

Zeitz U, Weber K, Soegiarto DW, et al. Impaired insulin secretory capacity in mice lacking functional vitamin D receptor. Faseb Journal, 2003.

Scragg R, et al. Serum 25OHD, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care, 2004.

Chiu KC, et al. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with inulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004.

Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas Ag. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011.

Khan H, et al. Vitamin D, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2012.

Song Y, et al. Blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and incident type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, May 2013.

Mitri J, et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic B cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the calcium and vitamin D for diabetes mellitus randomized controlled trial, 2011.

Davidson MB, et al. High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in People with Prediabetes and Hypovitaminosis D. Diabets Care, 2012.

Belenchia AM, et al. Correcting vitamin D insufficiency improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents; a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2013.

Shab Bidar S, et al. Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Coad J. Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asian women living in New Zealand who are insulin resistant and vitamin D deficient — a randomised, placebo- controlled trial. Br J Nutr, 2010.

Pittas Ag, Chung M, Trikalinos T, et al. Systematic review: Vitamin D and cardiometabolic outcomes. Ann Int Med, 2010.

J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Feb ;25(2):144-50. Epub 2013 Nov 6

Somlak Chuengsamarn, Suthee Rattanamongkolgul, Rataya Luechapudiporn, Chada Phisalaphong, Siwanon Jirawatnotai. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov ;35(11):2121-7.

Sekhar, R. et al. (2011). Glutathione Synthesis Is Diminished in Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes and Restored by Dietary Supplementation With Cysteine and Glycine Diabetes Care 34 no. 1 162-167

Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. The molecular basis for oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Jul-Aug;7(7-8):1040-52.

57.Anuradha CV. Aminoacid support in the prevention of diabetes and diabetic complications. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2009 Feb;10(1):8-17.

58.Guo Q, Mori T, Jiang Y, et al. Methylglyoxal contributes to the development of insulin resistance and salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Hypertens. 2009 Aug;27(8):1664-71.


59.Song D, Hutchings S, Pang CC. Chronic N-acetyl cysteine prevents fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 31;508(1-3):205-10.

60.Masha A, Manieri C, Dinatale S, Bruno GA, Ghigo E, Martina V. Prolonged treatment with N-acetyl cysteine and L-arginine restores gonadal function in patients with PCO syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009 Apr 15.

61.Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, et al. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1128-35.

Yamori Y. Food factors for atherosclerosis prevention: Asian perspective derived from analyses of worldwide dietary biomarkers. Exp Clin Cardiol.2006 Summer;11(2):94-8.

Yamori Y, Liu L, Mori M, et al. Taurine as the nutritional factor for the longevity of the Japanese revealed by a world-wide epidemiological survey. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;643:13-25.

Azuma J, Takihara K, Awata N, et al. Beneficial effect of taurine on congestive heart failure induced by chronic aortic regurgitation in rabbits. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 45(2):261-70.

Yamori Y, Taguchi T, Hamada A, Kunimasa K, Mori H, Mori M. Taurine in health and diseases: consistent evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies. J Biomed Sci. 2010;17 Suppl 1:S6.

Wu JY, Prentice H. Role of taurine in the central nervous system. J Biomed Sci. 2010 Aug 24;17 Suppl 1:S1.

Kendler BS. Taurine: an overview of its role in preventive medicine. Prev Med. 1989 Jan;18(1):79-100.

Ripps H, Shen W. Review: Taurine: A “very essential” amino acid. Mol Vis. 2012;18:2673-86. Epub Nov 12, 2012.

Birdsall TC. Therapeutic applications of taurine. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Apr;3(2):128-36.

Stapleton PP, O’Flaherty L, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Host defense—a role for the amino acid taurine? J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998 Jan-Feb;22(1):42-8.

Lourenço R, Camilo ME. Taurine: a conditionally essential amino acid in humans? An overview in health and disease. Nutr Hosp. 2002 Nov-Dec;17(6):262-70.

Cañas PE, Valenzuela A. Biological and nutritional role of taurine and its derivatives on cellular and organic physiology. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1991 Jun;41(2):139-51.

Franconi F, Bennardini F, Mattana A, et al. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr.1995 May;61(5):1115-9.

Franconi F, Loizzo A, Ghirlanda G, Seghieri G. Taurine supplementation and diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.2006 Jan;9(1):32-6.

Kim KS, Oh da H, Kim JY, et al. Taurine ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia by reducing insulin resistance and leptin level in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats with long-term diabetes. Exp Mol Med. 2012 Nov 30;44(11):665-73.

Moloney MA, Casey RG, O’Donnell DH, Fitzgerald P, Thompson C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Two weeks taurine supplementation reverses endothelial dysfunction in young male type 1 diabetics. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2010 Oct;7(4):300-10.

Tappia PS, Thliveris J, Xu YJ, Aroutiounova N, Dhalla NS. Effects of amino acid supplementation on myocardial cell damage and cardiac function in diabetes. Exp Clin Cardiol.2011 Fall;16(3):e17-22.

Das J, Vasan V, Sil PC. Taurine exerts hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, improves insulin-mediated glucose transport signaling pathway in heart and ameliorates cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 15;258(2):296-308.

Li F, Abatan OI, Kim H, et al. Taurine reverses neurological and neurovascular deficits in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Jun;22(3):669-76.

Askwith T, Zeng W, Eggo MC, Stevens MJ. Oxidative stress and dysregulation of the taurine transporter in high-glucose-exposed human Schwann cells: implications for pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2009 Sep;297(3):E620-8.

Askwith T, Zeng W, Eggo MC, Stevens MJ. Taurine reduces nitrosative stress and nitric oxide synthase expression in high glucose-exposed human Schwann cells. Exp Neurol. 2012 Jan;233(1):154-62.

Obrosova IG, Fathallah L, Stevens MJ. Taurine counteracts oxidative stress and nerve growth factor deficit in early experimental diabetic neuropathy. Exp Neurol. 2001 Nov;172(1):211-9.

Yu X, Xu Z, Mi M, et al. Dietary taurine supplementation ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via anti-excitotoxicity of glutamate in streptozotocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):500-7.

Zeng K, Xu H, Mi M, et al. Dietary taurine supplementation prevents glial alterations in retina of diabetic rats. Neurochem Res. 2009 Feb;34(2):244-54.

Zeng K, Xu H, Mi M, et al. Effects of taurine on glial cells apoptosis and taurine transporter expression in retina under diabetic conditions. Neurochem Res. 2010 Oct;35(10):1566-74.

Das J, Sil PC. Taurine ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetic renal injury, oxidative stress-related signaling pathways and apoptosis in rats. Amino Acids.2012 Oct;43(4):1509-23.

Murakami S. Taurine and atherosclerosis. Amino Acids.2012 Dec 8.

2 0 1 5

pr e s en t s - amazon s3 · 2015-03-13 · pr e s en t s apple cider vinegar vitamin c vitamin e...

Documents