[ppt]cell structure & function - pc\|macimages.pcmac.org/sisfiles/schools/al/madisoncity... ·...
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory• All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
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Examples of CellsAmoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic• No membrane
bound organelles• No nucleus (the
DNA floats in the cytoplasm)
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Has DNA enclosed in a nucleus• Most living organisms Ex: Plants Animals Protists and Fungi
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts
OrganellesStructures in the cell
with a specific function
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Surrounding the Cell
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#4 Cell Membrane• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Separates cell from environment
• “Gatekeeper”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#5. Cell Wall• Most commonly
found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
• Non-living. Made of cellulose
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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#3. Nucleus with nuclear membrane • Directs cell activities• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane• Contains genetic material – DNA• The “Control Center”
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Nuclear Envelopeor Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds and protects nucleus
• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
• “Mini Gate Keeper”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#11. DNA-Chromatin (relaxed) or Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#1. Cytoplasm• Gel-like mixture that holds the organelles
in the cell• Surrounded by cell membrane• “Jello”
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#10. Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Cavities connected to
nuclear envelope• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
• “Subway System”http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#8. Ribosomes• Each cell contains
thousands• Make proteins• Found on ER &
floating throughout the cell
• “The Protein Factories”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#2. Mitochondria• Produces energy (ATP)
through cellular respiration – breaking down fats & carbohydrates (glucose)
• “The Powerhouse”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#7. Golgi Bodiesor Golgi Apparatus
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Packs proteins so they can be sent out of the cell
• “Fed Ex” or “Packers”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#9. Lysosome• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Digest proteins and worn out parts of the cell
• “Digestive System” or “Clean-up Crew”
• Mainly in animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#6. Vacuoles• Membrane-bound
sacs for storing food, water, and waste
• Very large in plant cells. Smaller in animal cells
• Help plants maintain shape
• “Storage tank”
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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#12. Chloroplast• Usually found in plant
cells• Contains green
pigment ‘chlorophyll’ that traps energy from the sun
• Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html