PRESENTED BY:ABHIMANYU

Foundation of Curriculum Development:

Psycholinguistic

What is Curriculum?“curriculum includes the totality of experiences that a pupil receives through manifold activities that go in the school, in the classroom, library, laboratory, workshop, playgrounds and in the numerous informal contacts between teachers and pupils.” - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53)

Foundations of Curriculum Development

Development of Curriculum depends largely on ideas that grow out of three fields- Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology;

Thus, there are three basic foundations of curriculum- Philosophical, Socio-Cultural and Psycholinguistic.

What is Psycholinguistic? The word was coined by Jacob R.

Kantor in 1936; It is a combination of two words

Psychology and linguistics; Linguistics has been derived from

Latin words ‘Lingua’ meaning tongue and ‘istics’ meaning knowledge or science;

Etymologically, Linguistics means ‘Scientific study of language’.

Psychological Foundation of Curriculum Development

Educational Psychology gives us various learning theories which can be divided into three broad heads- Behaviourism, Cognitivism and Phenomenology;

We will see each learning theory separately- Behaviourism and Curriculum, Cognitivism and Curriculum and Phenomenology and Curriculum.

Behaviourism and Curriculum

Behaviourism Focuses on stimulus response and

reinforces; Studies conditioning, modifying or

shaping behaviour through reinforcement and rewards;

Behaviourism and Curriculum Curriculum should be organised so

that students experience success in mastering the subject matter;

Well defined short and long term objectives;

Appropriate instructional materials and media to suit the learner’s abilities;

Behaviourism and Curriculum Shaping behaviour through

prescribed tasks, phase by phase activities, close supervision of activities and positive reinforcement; and

Diagnosing, assessing and reassessing the learner’s needs, objectives, activities, tasks and instruction with a view to improving the curriculum.

Cognitivism and Curriculum

Cognitivism Focus on how individuals process

information; Emphasis on memory

(storage, retrieval, types); Believe that growth and

development occur in progressive stages.

Cognitivism and Curriculum Cognitive approach constitutes a

logical method for organising and interpreting learning;

Rooted in the tradition of subject matter;

Teaching/learning process boils down to teacher talking and students responding to the teacher.

Phenomenology and Curriculum

Phenomenology Emphasises the affective domain of

learning; Emphasises the total person; Each individual has specific needs

and interests related to his or her self-fulfilment and self-realisations.

Phenomenology and Curriculum There can't be a generally prescribed humanistic

curriculum; Humanistic learning may enhance the mental

health of the learners, harmonize personal feelings among students and teachers, and improve various aspects of human awareness among students, teachers, and curriculum specialists, yet its processes rely mainly on personal experiences and subjective interpretations that leave them open to criticism; hence there is a great need to examine and understand what is relevant in humanistic curricula.

Conclusion Learning can be examined-three

major theories: Behaviourism, Cognitivism and Phenomenology;

Each learning theory is incomplete by itself;

All three contributed to explain various issues in regard to student’s learning and behaviour.

Linguistic Foundation of Curriculum Development

Language instruction is the foundation of the total curriculum particularly when language to be taught is also a medium of instruction for the subjects;

In a language diverse country like India, the teaching of language becomes very important as the culture is one that is highly concerned with language.

Language Policy in India Hindi is the National Language; Sanskrit to be promoted as a

classical language of the country; English to be promoted as an

important international language of trade and commerce;

Regional languages as a media of instruction at the primary, secondary and university stage.

Three Language Formula Was devised in the Chief Ministers

conferences held during 1961; and involves:

the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking States;

and of Hindi along with the regional language and English in the non-Hindi speaking States.

Contribution of Linguistics to Education

The relationship between language and cognition;

The role of language as a socialising agent within educational institutions;

The role of language in general educational policy, in relation to (for example) national and international literacy policies, language in development, and language as a marker of local, regional, national and wider identities;

ConclusionWhen a curriculum is operative in a classroom situation it is mainly through language that the teacher and the taught communicate and interact with each other, therefore language both in curriculum planning as well as its execution occupies a prominent place particularly the one used as a medium of instruction.

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