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A PROJECT ON MAGLEV DISPLAY

PROJECT GUIDE : PROF.NALINI PRASAD MOHANTY

PRESENTED BY :-1.NIHAR RANJAN SWAIN(1201298146)2.JUDHISTIRA MAHANTA(1201298142)3.JNYANENDRA TRIPATHY(1201298164)4.PALLABI DEY(1201298191)

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR

TECHNOLOGY

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PROJECT OUTLINE:

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM COMPONENTS USED WORKING PROCEDURE APPLICATION ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES REFERENCE

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OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT :

•Objective of our project is to make a levitating display without touching it or any physical support.

•It is also very easy to change the sign of the display.

•It is also very cheap and setup cost is low and easy.

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INTRODUCTION :

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspend with no support other than magnetic fields. 

Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational and any other accelerations.

The two primary issues involved in magnetic levitation are lifting force: providing an upward force sufficient to counteract gravity, and stability: insuring that the system does not spontaneously slide or flip into a configuration where the lift is neutralized

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Magnetic materials and systems are able to attract or press each other apart or together with a force dependent on the magnetic field and the area of the magnets.

Essentially all types of magnets have been used to generate lift for magnetic levitation; permanent magnets, electromagnets, ferromagnetism, diamagnetism, superconducting magnets and magnetism due to induced currents in conductors.

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A superconductor levitating a permanent magnet

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To calculate the amount of lift, a magnetic pressure can be defined.

For example, the magnetic pressure of a magnetic field on a superconductor can be calculated by: Pmag = B2 /2µ0

where  Pmag is the force per unit area in pascals, B is the magnetic field just above the superconductor in teslas, and  µ0 = 4π×10−7 N·A−2 is the permeability of the vacuum.

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Stability:

Earnshaw's theorem proves that using only paramagnetic materials (such as ferromagnetic iron) it is impossible for a static system to stably levitate against gravity.

For example, the simplest example of lift with two simple dipole magnets repelling is highly unstable, since the top magnet can slide sideways, or flip over, and it turns out that no configuration of magnets can produce stability.

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However, servomechanisms, the use of diamagnetic materials, superconduction, or systems involving eddy currents allow stability to be achieved.

In some cases the lifting force is provided by magnetic levitation, but stability is provided by a mechanical support bearing little load.

This is termed pseudo-levitation.

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LITERATURE REVIEW :•MAGNETIC LEVITATOR BY Prof.ERIK TAYLOR :-(https://uzzors2k.4hb.org/)

• Here electromagnetic stabilization technique is used.• Photodiode and IR led detects the position of the object.• Microcontroller processes the sensor value and fixes the object through magnetizing and demagnetizing the electromagnet.

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•Arduino Magnet Levitation – detailed descriptionMarch 17, 2009 by Prof.Mekonik

•The magnetic field needed to keep a magnet from falling changes with the distance from the electromagnet. In this case, the position of the magnet is monitored by the Hall effect sensor.

• The closer the magnet is to the sensor the higher voltage is on the output.

•And the closer the magnet is the smaller field is required to keep it from falling. The situation is shown in the following figure:

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General idea of how to keep magnet levitating

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•The purple straight line represents the magnetic field required to keep a magnet from falling with respect to the reading on the sensor. •In reality, it is nonlinear curve but that’s not important for us. We need to produce a field that will keep a magnet at a specific position. •For that we will modulate the coil’s power so that the field produced is given by the blue line in the previous plot.•The two extreme values are the maximal field of the coil and the field when the coil is off. If we are successful, the magnet should be stable at the intersection of the two curves in the middle of the plot.• If the magnet gets too close to the iron core the shear attractive force of these two is enough to attract it. That is represented by the rightmost intersection. We need to prevent this situation.

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FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM:

Figure 1

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COMPONENTS USED:

1. Arduino Microcontroller Board2. Computer3. Electromagnet4. Hall sensor5. Levitating Object6. Power Source7. Transistor8. Voltage Regulator9. Enable switch

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WORKING PROCEDURE:

Figure 2

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System Layout:

Figure 3 depicts how the team plans to lay out the electromagnets and Hall effect sensors if system is extended to execute controlled levitation in two dimensions. For the team’s primary one-dimension goal, one of the electromagnet and Hall sensor systems will be utilized.

Figure 3

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•The voltage regulator will be wired between the power switch and the electromagnet.

•The second pole of the power switch will be wired to the positive input of the voltage regulator.

• The positive output of the voltage regulator will be connected to the positive lead of the electromagnet.

•Figure 5 is a DC to DC Adjustable Voltage Regulator/ Power Supply DC Boost Converter Schematic.

Figure 5

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APPLICATION :

•Magnetic levitation is used for superfast trains.

•This is also used for magnetic bearing.

•This technique can be efficiently used for Dynamic Display.

•This is also used for magnetic melting.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES :

•Advantages :-

• Magnetic levitation provides more stable effect.• Its efficiency is better.• Losses in this case is less.• Cost is also less.• Friction is very less.• Durability is reasonably high.

•Disadvantages :-

• To achieve the stable position is difficultand time taking.• To create a setup environment is also difficult.

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8.REFERENCES :

•Arduino. 2013. http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoDue (accessed September 5, 2013). •DigiKey. http://www.digikey.com/ (accessed September 7, 2013). •HacknMod. 2013. http://hacknmod.com/hack/how-to-controlled-levitation-using-magnets-microcontrollers/ (accessed September 15, 2013). •Instructables. 2013. http://www.instructables.com/id/Use-Arduino-with-TIP120-transistor-to-control-moto/(accessed September 11, 2013)

•Instructables. 2013.http://www.instructables.com/id/Controlling-solenoids-with-arduino/?ALLSTEPS(accessed October 27, 2013). 

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•Mekinikuv Blog. 2009.http://mekonik.wordpress.com/2009/03/17/arduino-magnet-levitation/ (accessed October 30, 2013). •SparkFun. https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9312 (accessed September 4, 2013). •YouTube. http://www.youtube.com (accessed September 1, 2013). •Zelcom. 2013.http://zeltom.com/products/magneticlevitation (accessed October 27, 2013).

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ANY QUERRIES???

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THANK YOU