Lesson 3

LIVING THINGS NEED EACH

OTHER

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

All living things need sunlight, food, water and air to live and

grow. Living things breathe.Living things grow and

reproduce.Living things show movement.

Living things adapt to changes in their environment

to survive.

Precap of class IV

Animals

Humans

Plants

INTERDEPENDENCE

Categories of living things•Producers

• Consumers

• Scavengers

• Decomposers

Producers

PHOTOSYNTHESIS –The process by which plants make their food by using LAWS.

Producers prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Eg- Plants

Photosynthesis

Light(sunlight)

Air(carbon dioxide)

WaterSoil

LAWS

ConsumersThey can not make their own food but they depend on plants for their survival.Consumers are of three kinds:-

The 3 categories of consumer are-

Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

1.Herbivores- They eat only plants. eg- cow, deer, elephant etc.

Herbivores

2. Carnivores- They eat only flesh.eg- Tiger, lion etc.

Carnivores

3.Omnivores- They eat both plants and animals. Eg- Humans, bear etc.

Omnivores

ScavengersThey feed on the flesh of dead animals.They are also called as Environment Cleaner.Eg- Crow, jackal, eagle, vulture, hyena

DecomposersThey are the micro-organisms. •They breakdown the dead parts of animals and plants into minerals which get absorbed in the soil.

• These minerals form a part of the food that plants use through their roots.Example- Fungi and bacteria.

Producer

Consumer

Scavengers

Decomposer

INTERDEPENDENCE

Plants and animals are interdependent in many ways.

Insects like bees and butterflies move from flower to flower in search of nectar. During this movement they carry pollens that sticks to their body parts from one flower to another. This process helps a flower to change into a fruit and is called Pollination.

Insects lay their eggs on the leaves of plants where the grow from the larva stage to the pupa stage and change into winged insects.

Life cycle of butterfly

Animals also help plants in the dispersal of their seeds. Dispersal of seeds are by-

• Animals

• Wind

• Water

•Explosion

Germination of seedA seed needs air, water and warmth to germinate. The growing of a seed into a plant is known as Germination.

Dependence of human beings on

plants• Food • Oxygen• Fuel• Shade• Wood • Paper

• Medicines• Rubber

• Resin and adhesive • Hay and thatch

Importance of trees

•Roots of trees hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion and

floods.

• Trees help to maintain the

level of groundwater.

• Dense forest attract rains.

• Forest are an important habitat for

animals and birds.

Dependence of human beings on animals

•Food

• Leather

• Wool

• Beast of burden

• Pets

•Pest control

Check outQ1. State whether the following are true of false.

1.Plants prepare their food by the process of pollination.

2.Scavengers feed on the flesh of dead animals.

3. Animals breathe in carbon dioxide.

4. Plants obtain carbon dioxide from animals.

5.Producers like plants can make their own food with the help of sunlight.

False

True

True

True

False

1.Plants prepare their food by the process of pollination.

2.Scavengers feed on the flesh of dead animals.

3. Animals breathe in carbon dioxide.

4. Plants obtain carbon dioxide from animals.

5.Producers like plants can make their own food with the help of sunlight.

Answers

Q2. Give any name for the following1. Animals that control

pest2. Products we get from

animals3.Animals who are

scavengers4.Insects that help in

pollination5.Herbivores of large

size