Network Transferable Computer1

Network Transferable Computer

Electrotechincal LaboratoryKuniyasu SUZAKI

http://www.etl.go.jp/~suzaki/NTC

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Outline

Current computing environment What is next? What is NTC? Relational work and my research plan

at UIUC Conclusion

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Trend of Computing Environment

From Single Task OS to Multi task OS From CUI to GUI Network & mobile computing environment Machine can emulate other machines and OS.

CPU becomes faster and faster. (1GHz ～ )Memory and disk become larger.(1GB & 20GB)Network becomes faster and wider.(1Gbps ～ )Machine becomes smaller and handy.

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Emulator for normal users

Emulator becomes popular for normal users To hide the delay of software development.

Ex: MacOS FAT binary (from 68000 to PowerPC) To play games on PC

Bleem! for PC Bleem, Inc. http://www.bleem.com PlayStation Emulator on PC Bleem, Inc. http://www.bleem.com Only 12 workers. The programmer is Randy Linden

only. Virtual Game Station (VGS)

Connectix Inc. http://www.connectix.com PlayStation Emulator on PC

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Emulator for normal users

To keep the legacy machines. Ex: Atrai Emulator, Old Macintosh Emulator

To use other OS’s application because CPU becomes much powerful.

Many people want to use Windows applications even if they hate the OS.

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Virtual Machine software DOS/V Machine

VMware ( http://www.vmware.com )

Plex86(FreeMware) ( http://www.plex86.org )

Fusion-PC ( http://www.microcode-solutions.com ) Mac Emulator

PowerPC Mac Virtual PC ( http://www.conectix.com )

General Machine Bochs ( http://www.bochs.com )

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VMware

Commercial 　 software offered by 　 VMware ( http://www.vmware.com ) Professor Mendel Rosenblum established the

company. Emulate DOS/V machine

Some devices are included; Phoenix BIOS, 　 VGA, AMD PCnet, Sound Blaster16, etc. We can install Windows OS and Linux, etc.

Most instructions are executed as native code. The speed efficiency is more than 80 % of the

native CPU.

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Monitor image of VMware

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Bochs

Free DOS/V machine emulator offered by Bochs (http://www.bochs.com ) Kevin Lawton It is under development. No network devices. The

virtual machine runs as a stand alone. Kevin Lawton moved to the development of

Plex86 http://www.plex86.org

Platform free Emulate DOS/V,Sparc/Solaris,Mac,SGI,IBM RS6000, etc. Full emulation of x86 instruction. The efficiency is

not good.

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Emulator for developer

To get the share of popular CPU Crusoe (Transmeta Inc.)

CMS(Code Morphing Software) emulate X86 DAISY (Dynamically Architected Instruction Set

from Yorktown) http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/daisy

To get common computing environment on each machine JAVA Intent (http://www.tao-group.com)

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What is next?

We could get such technical trends; emulator, high speed network, and mobile devices. How do we use them?

We would like to use the same computer environment at anytime, at anywhere, for everybody.

We propose　　NTC：Network Transferable

Computer

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What is NTC? NTC can transfer the running OS image via

network or removable media.

Hibernated Virtual Machine

Virtual Machine with Image

Virtual Machine Image

Transfer

At　 OfficeAt　 Home

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Basic concept

Basic idea of NTC is the same of following physical handling.

CPU

Memory

CPU

Memory

① HibernateSave thememory contentsTo the disk

② TransferTransfer the disk (All OS image: Memory image and file system) to other machine disk

③ ResumeRestore thememory contents fromthe disk

　 Common Architecture

　 Common Architecture

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Requirement

Required facilities and functions are same architecture machine.

It is solved by Virtual Machine software. the OS can hibernate and resume without

the help of hardware(BIOS). the hibernated OS image, which includes

memory image and file system, can be transferable by network or removable media.

We can’t transfer the disk image from the hibernated computer.

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CPU(ex:Xeon 500MHz)

Virtual Machine(ex:vmware)

Guest OS( ｅｘ :Linux)

Host OS( ｅｘ :WinNT)

CPU(ex:Celeron 433MHz)

Virtual Machine(ex:vmware)

Host OS( ｅｘ :Linux)

Desktop PC Note PC

Common Architecture　

Transfer the image

Basic Idea

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Hibernation

It’s a function to suspend and resume the running OS.

Hibernation is develop to keep the battery. It is very important function for note PC.

Basically it depends on BIOS to control devices. To stop the hard disk. To stop the CPU. To stop the memory.

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Specification of BIOS

To support the hibernation, there are some BIOS specifications. APM (Advanced Power Management)

Low power mode interface made by Microsoft and Intel (Old specification)

ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface)

Low power mode interface made by Intel ， Microsoft, and Toshiba.

ACPI2 (2000.8.30) http://www.teleport.com/~acpi/ It can mange multi processors,64bit CPU, Hot Plug-in,

Buttery control (Speed Step), etc.

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Mode of hibernation

Standby mode The memory keeps OS image and CPU

and hard disk stop. The machine should keep power of memory.

Suspend mode OS image is moved from memory to

hard disk(in-volatile memory) and the power is stopped entirely.

Even if this mode, we can not transfer the OS image, because the BIOS has to know the state.

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Hibernation which is independent of BIOS

Normal hibernation is not suitable for NTC. Because it depends on BIOS and keeps

the state on the machine. We must use the hibernation which is

not independent of BIOS. Linux has SWSUSP (Software Suspend)

http://falcon.sch.bme.hu/~seasons/linux/swsusp.html It is a special type of shut down and reboot. When the

machine shuts down, the software keeps the running OS image to the SWAP area. When it boots, it uses the SWAP area image and restart the OS.

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Current Implementation

Virtual Machine software vmware 　 (version 2.0)

It can run under Linux & Windows NT/2000.

Transferred OS Linux (RedHat 6.2)

With hibernation soft SWSUSP.

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CPU(ex:Xeon 500MHz)

Virtual Machine(ex:vmware)

Guest OS( ｅｘ :Linux)

Host OS( ｅｘ :WinNT)

CPU(ex:Celeron 433MHz)

Virtual Machine(ex:vmware)

Host OS( ｅｘ :Linux)

Desktop PC Note PC

Common Architecture　

Transfer the image

Current Implementation

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The running OS image on the desktop computer is hibernated. The hibernated OS

image is transferredby removable media.

The hibernated OS is resumed on laptop computer

Hibernate

Transfer

Resume

Action of NTC

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Resume Time

PCMCIA Media

Volume (M)

Transfer Rate (Mbps)

Resume Time (s)

Hard disk 　 1000 1 20.5

Micro Drive 340 5 10.2

Compact Flash

128 (R) 8 (W) 0.8

15.3

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Usage for normal user

“Install once, Use any machine” User is not required to install more than

once and use same environment on any machines.

User can bring back office machine environment to home.

User can get the copy which is set up by an expert. Expert has good knowledge and experience. Normal users can share them.

When we buy a new machine, we do not need to re-install all software again. The setup OS can survive.

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Usage for developer Up to now debugging requires many

steps. Many developers are told the debugging point by e-mail, get the source code, compile it and execute it to reach the debugging point.

NTC offers platform for collaboration Developers can share the same OS

environment and debugging point from the copy of live OS image. They are not required to compile and execute.

They also can replay the debugging point by the use of old OS image.

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The image of NTC world

Developer canshare thedebugging.

OS image isdistributed on the net.

Mobile user canalso share the OS.

User can usethe OS imagewithout install

Expert offers us anexcellent OS image.

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Relational work

Process migration Transfer a process to another machine

Java “Program once, run anywhere” programming

environment. JavaVM(Byte Code Interpreter)

Remote virtual display software It transfer the display image to another machine. It doesn’t open remote X Window.

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Migration vs. NTCMigration NTCOS must support migration function.

Transferred process has to depend on the new environment (Ex:libc). It is difficult to support server & client processing.Light transfer

Virtual Machine software must run.

The whole OS image is transferred. The environment is still same. Server & client processing is available within the OS. Heavy transfer （ 50MB ～） It depend on the size of OS.

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Java vs. NTC Java can not support OS

Because there is no supervisor mode. According to the reason JavaOS could not build.

Java is too high abstraction. Garbage collection is slow.

Java could not support hibernation. Poor Interruption handling.

NTC is depends on virtual machine. Virtual machine offers us the same environment

of DOS/V machine. And the CPU power is not so poor. (Ex: VMware offers us 80% of native CPU speed.)

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Remote Virtual Display vs. NTC

Remote Virtual Display is popular now. VNC (Virtual Network Computer)

AT&T Free software http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/

Desktop On-Call IBM commercial software http://www.ibm.co.jp/pspjinfo/javadesk/syoukai1.html

pcAnywhere Symantec commercial software http://www.symantec.com/region/jp/products/pca/pca.html

RED Columbia Univ. Prof. Jason Nieh, research http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~nieh/research/thin/

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Sample of VNC （ Win98 on Linux ）

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Remote virtual display vs. NTC

Remote virtual display NTC

・ It always includes latency.

・ It only transfer the display image.

・ First transfer is very heavy but no latency after resume.・ It can make a copy of OS image. It is distributable. It is also able to use play back.

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Next Step (1)

To control CPU speed When we transfer the OS image to another CPU

machine, the animation play faster or slower. We need to control the CPU speed. I’m planning t

o use the DSRT2 (Dynamic Soft Real Time CPU Scheduler 2.0) to solve the problem.

http://cairo.cs.uiuc.edu/software/DSRT-2/dsrt-2.html

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Next Step (2)

We need the fast and secure transfer for NTC. I’m planning to transfer the OS image

from ETL to UIUC. I’m planning to use Coda; Distributed file system developed

CMU. iSCSI; Internet SCSI rsync + ssh; rsync is efficient backup tool

and ssh is secure shell.

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Next Step (3)

To adapt real mobile environment. Current version NTC is transfer the

stand alone OS image. I would like to adapt it to real mobile environment.

I would like to adapt Mobile IP to distinguish the machine in the network.

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Conclusion We propose the method, named NTC, to tra

nsfer the running OS image to another machine.

This 　 research is done with Waseda Univ and Hiroshima-City Univ.

The test version of OS image is distributed the following home page. http://www.etl.go.jp/~suzaki/NTC

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Animation for NTC