power5 virtualization

Network Basics• Network - A network is a group of computers connected together in a way that allows

information to be exchanged between the computers.

• Node - A node is anything that is connected to the network. While a node is typically a computer, it can also be something like a printer.

• Segment - A segment is any portion of a network that is separated, by a switch, bridge or router, from other parts of the network.

• Backbone - The backbone is the main cabling of a network that all of the segments connect to.

Sanjeevi M, AIX Consultant

• Topology – Topology is the way that each node is physically connected to the network (more on this in the

next section).

• Local Area Network (LAN) – A LAN is a network of computers that are in the same general physical location, usually within

a building or a campus. If the computers are far apart (such as across town or in different cities), then a Wide Area Network (WAN) is typically used.

• Network Interface Card (NIC) – - Every computer (and most other devices) is connected to a network through an

NIC. In most desktop computers, this is an Ethernet card (normally 10 or 100 Mbps) that is plugged into a slot on the computer's motherboard.

• Media Access Control (MAC) address – This is the physical address of any device -- such as the NIC in a computer -- on the network.

The MAC address, which is made up of two equal parts, is 6 bytes long. The first 3 bytes identify the company that made the NIC. The second 3 bytes are the serial number of the NIC itself.


Network BasicsNetwork Basics

Network Basics. Cont..

• Unicast– –A unicast is a transmission from one node addressed specifically to another

node.

• Multicast– - In a multicast, a node sends a packet addressed to a special group address.

Devices that are interested in this group register to receive packets addressed to the group. An example might be a Cisco router sending out an update to all of the other Cisco routers.

• Broadcast – - In a broadcast, a node sends out a packet that is intended for transmission to

all other nodes on the network.


What is a VLAN? • The acronym VLAN expands to Virtual Local Area Network.

• A VLAN is a logical local area network (or LAN) that extends beyond a single traditional LAN to a group of LAN segments, given specific configurations.

• Because a VLAN is a logical entity, its creation and configuration is done completely in software.

• VID- VLAN ID is the identification of the VLAN, which is basically used by the standard 802.1Q.

• It has 12 bits and allow the identification of 4096 (2^12) VLANs. • Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is

reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.


VLAN Identification

• VLAN identifiers – include VLAN ID's and Port VLAN ID's.

• VLAN ID (VID)– 802.1Q VLANs are defined by VLAN IDs (VIDs) and VLAN

names. – VID

• A unique number between 1 and 4094 that identifies a particular VLAN. VID 1 is reserved for the Default VLAN.

– VLAN Name • An alphanumeric name associated with a VLAN ID, used to make

VLANs easier to identify and remember (up to 64 characters).


VLAN Identification

• PVID (Port VLAN ID)– You can change a port's VLAN membership to reflect the specific needs of

your network by assigning new VLAN membership to the port. – When you assign VLAN membership to a port, that VLAN's ID (VID) becomes

the Port VLAN ID (PVID) for the port.

– PVID • The PVID (Port VLAN ID) represents a port's VLAN assignment. Possible

values are 1 through 4094.


What is a VLAN?


Port-Based VLAN

• Each physical switch port is configured with an access list specifying membership in a set of VLANs.


POWER5 virtualization POWER5 implementation uses advanced processor features, firmware (also known as Hypervisor), and hardware features to create efficient and flexible virtualization capabilities. What is a VIO Server? Virtual I/O is the term used to describe the ability to share physical I/O resources between partitions. The physical resources being shared are adapter cards located in PCI-X slots of the managed system. AIX 5L V5.3 and all of the Linux versions support the ability to be a virtual client partition utilizing virtual I/O from a Virtual I/O Server. The VIO Server owns real PCI adapters (Ethernet, SCSI, or SAN), but lets other LPARs share them remotely using the built-in Hypervisor services. These other LPARs are called Virtual I/O client partitions (VIO client). And because they don't need real physical disks or real physical Ethernet adapters to run, they can be created quickly and cheaply.

A machine to be divided into LPARs, with each LPAR running a different OS image -- effectively a server within a server. You can achieve this by logically splitting up a large machine into smaller units with CPU, memory, and PCI adapter slot allocations.

The p5-570 system supports up to 16 POWER5 processors. If configured with the Advanced POWER Virtualization feature, this system is capable of running up to 160 partitions concurrently. However the machine supports a maximum of 160 PCI-X adapter slots, so with a two slots per partition minimum, the maximum number of partitions that could be created without the use of virtual I/O would be 80.


Benefits of virtualized I/O • Partitions can be created without requiring additional physical I/O

resources.• The new partitions can be configured to use virtualized I/O resources,

which allows them to be configured in a timely manner, since no physical reconfiguration of the system (that is, moving adapter cards and cables) is required.

• Virtualized I/O allows an economical I/O model, since it allows multiple partitions to share common resources.

• For example, multiple partitions can share a single physical adapter. Without virtualized I/O, each partition would require its own adapter, even if the full capacity of the adapter was not being utilized.


• -Virtualized I/O facilitates server consolidation. It permits multiple client partitions to reside on a single machine, and make efficient use of shared resources.

• The use of virtualized I/O may permit partitions to use (through a virtualized I/O interface) a type of physical device that is not supported for native connection to the partition. – For example, a client partition would be able to make use of a virtual

SCSI disk that was being provided by the Virtual I/O server partition, even if the physical device attached to the server partition is not supported by the operating system running in the client partition.


Benefits of virtualized I/O

Virtual SCSI disks• Backing storage is the term for the physical devices that will be used as virtual devices for

client partitions.


Virtual Ethernet • Case one: Internal only networks

– Virtual Ethernet enables inter-partition communication without the need for physical network adapters assigned to each partition.

– The AIX 5L V5.3 virtual Ethernet device driver is limited to controlling 256 virtual Ethernet devices. – The virtual Ethernet device driver supports large maximum transfer units (MTUs) of up to 65280

bytes. – The virtual Ethernet interfaces may be configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.


Virtual Ethernet• The HMC generates a locally administered Ethernet MAC address for the virtual Ethernet

adapters so that these addresses do not conflict with physical Ethernet adapter MAC addresses.

• To ensure uniqueness among the virtual Ethernet adapters, the address generation is based on the system serial number, LPAR ID, and virtual slot number.

• Case two: Routing to a physical LAN


Virtual Ethernet• Case three: Shared Ethernet Adapter (SEA) to a physical LAN


Why use the VIO Server?

– Small machine with limited PCI slots Example: You have one set of internal SCSI disks or you can split the SCSI disks in two 4-packs on the p5-550. This gives you two LPARs (at most) using the internal disks. So, you might run a VIO Server to support the other LPARs. For example, try a VIO Server (0.5 of a CPU) with four to six clients (0.1 to 1 CPU). Typically, clients might be small -- four to 16 GB virtual SCSI disks and one Virtual Ethernet for the whole machine.


Why use the VIO Server?•

Mid-range machines with extra small workloads This might be an eight or 16 CPU machine with large partitions for production use. But many system administrators also want a small number of extra LPARs. Rather than buy an extra machine, a VIO Server can easily host a half dozen smaller LPARs. For example, larger production LPARs might have one to four larger dedicated CPU(s), dedicated disk I/O(s), and network(s) each.


Why use the VIO Server?

• The VIO Server is used for LPAR like test, development, training, practice, new application trials, and so on. Typically, VIO clients might have a couple of four GB to eight GB virtual SCSI disks and one or two virtual Ethernets.

• Three large production LPARs are running (they would have dedicated disks and Ethernet) with a few extra small VIO clients and one VIO Server on the machine using spare capacity. This "spare" capacity could be demanded by the production LPARs during peaks in their workload.


Redundant Virtual I/O Servers


Micro-Partitioning

• Micro-Partitioning is the ability to distribute the processing capacity of one or more physical processors among one or more logical partitions.

• Thus, processors are shared amongst logical partitions.


CUoDCapacity Upgrade on Demand


Redundant Components -VM


Simple VIO Server Configuration


Virtual SCSI Architechure


HMC COMMANDS• lshmc –n (lists dynamic IP addresses served by HMC)

• lssyscfg –r sys –F name,ipaddr (lists managed system attributes)• lssysconn –r sys (lists attributes of managed systems)• lssysconn –r all (lists all known managed systems with attributes)• rmsysconn –o remove –ip (removes a managed system from the HMC)• mkvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (opens a command line vterm from an ssh

session)• rmvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (closes an open vterm for a partition)

Activate a partition


HMC COMMANDS Cont..• chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f

profilename –b normal• chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f

profilename –b sms

• Shutdown a partitionchsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o {shutdown/ossshutdown} –n partitionname [-immed][-restart]


VIO Server Commands

• lsdev –virtual (list all virtual devices on VIO server partitions)• lsmap –all (lists mapping between physical and logical

devices)• oem_setup_env (change to OEM [AIX] environment on VIO

server)• Create Shared Ethernet Adapter (SEA) on VIO Server

mkvdev –sea{physical adapt} –vadapter {virtual eth adapt} –default {dflt virtual adapt} –defaultid {dflt vlan ID}


VIO Server Commands Cont..

• SEA Failoverent0 – GigE adapterent1 – Virt Eth VLAN1 (Defined with a priority in the partition profile)ent2 – Virt Eth VLAN 99 (Control)

mkvdev –sea ent0 –vadapter ent1 –default ent1 –defaultid 1 –attr ha_mode=auto ctl_chan=ent2(Creates ent3 as the Shared Ethernet Adapter)

Create Virtual Storage Device Mappingmkvdev –vdev {LV or hdisk} –vadapter {vhost adapt} –dev {virt dev name}


• Sharing a Single SAN LUN from Two VIO Servers to a Single VIO Client LPARhdisk3 = SAN LUN (on vioa server)hdisk4 = SAN LUN (on viob, same LUN as vioa)chdev –dev hdisk3 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from vioa to prevent a reserve on the disk)

• chdev –dev hdisk4 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from viob to prevent a reserve on the disk)

• mkvdev –vdev hdisk3 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk3_v (from vioa)• mkvdev –vdev hdisk4 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk4_v (from viob)• VIO Client would see a single LUN with two paths.

spath –l hdiskx (where hdiskx is the newly discovered disk)This will show two paths, one down vscsi0 and the other down vscsi1.



* AIX 6.1, November 9, 2007

o Workload Partitionso Live Application Mobilityo Role Based Access Control RBACo Encrypting JFS2 filesystemo Partition mobility on POWER6

•AIX 5L 5.3, August 13, 2004

•o NFS Accountingo Virtual SCSIo Virtual Version 4 supporto Advanced Etherneto Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) supporto Micro-Partitioning supporto POWER5 supporto JFS2 quota supporto JFS2 filesystem shrink support

• * AIX 5L 5.2, October 18, 2002o Introduced support for the IBM BladeCenter JS20 with the PowerPC 970.o Support for MPIO Fibre Channel diskso iSCSI Initiator softwareo Dynamic LPAR support


power5 virtualization

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