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7/30/2019 Power Tools c

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OSHA Office of Training and Education 1

Tools Hand and Power


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Hazards

Workers using hand andpower tools may beexposed to these hazards:

objects that fall, fly, are

abrasive, or splash harmful dusts, fumes, mists,vapors, and gases

frayed or damaged electrical

cords, hazardous connectionsand improper grounding


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Basic Tool Safety Rules

Maintain regularly

Use right tool for the job

Inspect before use

Operate according tomanufacturers instructions

Use the right personalprotective equipment (PPE)

Use guards


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Hand Tool Hazards

Hazards are usually caused bymisuse and improper maintenance

Do not use: wrenches when jaws are sprung

impact tools (chisels and wedges)when heads have mushroomed

tools with loose, cracked orsplintered handles

a screwdriver as a chisel tools with taped handles theymay be hiding cracks

Crack


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Hand Tools - Protection

Use PPE, such as safetygoggles and gloves

Keep floor surfacewhere working free fromdebris and tripping orslipping hazards

Keep cutting tools sharp


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Power Tools

Must be fitted with guardsand safety switches

Extremely hazardouswhen used improperly

Different types,determinedby their power source: Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder-actuated


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Switches

Hand-held power tools must beequipped with one of the following:

Constant pressure switchshuts off power upon release

Examples: circular saw, chain saw,grinder, hand-held power drill

On-Off Switch

Examples: routers, planers,laminate trimmers, shears, jigsaws, nibblers, scroll saws


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Power Tools - Precautions Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing

and cleaning, and when changing accessories Keep people not involved with the work away fromthe work

Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing bothhands to operate the tool

Dont hold the switch button while carrying aplugged-in tool

Keep tools sharp and clean

Consider what you wear loose clothing andjewelry can get caught in moving parts

Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: DoNot Use


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Power Tools PrecautionsElectric Cords

Dont carry portabletools by the cord

Dont use electric

cords to hoist or lowertools

Dont yank cord orhose to disconnect it

Keep cords and hosesaway from heat, oil,and sharp edges


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To protect a worker from shock, these tools must:

have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

Electric Power Tools

Doubleinsulated

markings Plug with agroundingpin


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Electric Tools Good Practices

Operate within design limits Use gloves and safety shoes

Store in a dry place

Dont use in wet locationsunless approved for that

Keep work areas well lit

Ensure cords dont present atripping hazard


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Abrasive Wheels and Tools

May throw off flying fragments

Equip with guards that: Cover the spindle end, nut,

& flange projections Maintain proper alignmentwith the wheelDont exceed the strength ofthe fastenings

Guard so that a minimalamount of the wheel isexposed


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Inspecting Abrasive Wheels

Before mounting: inspect closely for damage perform sound- or ring-testto ensure free from cracks /

defects

To test: tap wheel gently with a light,non-metallic instrument if wheel sounds cracked ordead, do not use it because itcould fly apart


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Abrasive Wheel Use

To prevent cracking: fit the wheel on the spindlefreely tighten the spindle nut enoughto hold the wheel in placewithout distorting the flange

Let the tool come up to speedprior to grinding or cutting

Dont stand in front of the wheel

as it comes up to full speedUse eye and/or face protection

Ensure the spindlespeed doesnt exceedthe maximum speedmarked on the wheel


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Abrasive Wheel Work Rests

Keep work rests notmore than 1/8th inchfrom wheel surface

This prevents jammingthe work between thewheel and the rest, whichmay cause the wheel tobreak

Dont adjust wheel whileits rotating


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Guarding

Guard exposed movingparts of power tools

Guard belts, gears,

shafts, pulleys,sprockets, spindles,flywheels, chains, orother moving parts

Never remove a guardwhen a tool is in use


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The point of operation is where the work is actuallyperformed on the materials it must be guarded

Guarding - Point of Operation

This shows a

radial arm

saw equipped

with proper

point of

operation

guards


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Guarding Protection

Machine guards must protectthe operator and others from:

Point of operation

In-running nip points Rotating parts

Flying chips and sparks

Nip Point


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Guard to prevent the operator from coming

in contact the the rotating blade

Radial Saw Guarding

Radial arm saw

equipped with an

upper and lowerblade guard


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Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe.The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

Guarding Portable Circular Saws


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Use a hood for guarding

Hood guard

Table Saw Guarding


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Pneumatic Tools

Powered by compressed air

Includes nailers, staplers,chippers, drills & sanders

Main hazard - getting hit bya tool attachment or by afastener the worker is usingwith the tool

Take the same precautionswith an air hose that youtake with electric cords

Nail Gun -Cut-Away View


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Pneumatic Tools - Fastening

Ensure tool is fastenedsecurely to the air hose toprevent a disconnection

Use a short wire orpositive locking deviceattaching the air hose to

the tool Wire used to secure hose


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Pneumatic Tool Connections

Unacceptable

Acceptable

Hoseclamp


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Pneumatic Tool Safety

Place a safety device on themuzzle to prevent the toolfrom ejecting fasteners,unless the muzzle is incontact with work surface

Install a safety clip orretainer to preventattachments, such aschisels on a chippinghammer, from being ejected

Wear eye protection. Wearhearing protection withjackhammers.

Muzzle in contactwith work surface


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Compressed Air Cleaning

Dont use compressed

air for cleaning

Exception - wherereduced to less than

30 p.s.i. with effective

chip guarding and PPE


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Liquid Fuel Tools

Usually gas powered

Main hazard fuel vapors

Use only approvedflammable liquid containers

Before refilling a fuel-powered tool tank, shutdown the engine and allow itto cool


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Powder-Actuated Tools

User must be trained andlicensed to operate

Test tool each day beforeloading to ensure the safety

devices are working properly

Wear suitable ear, eye, andface protection

Select a powder level that willdo the work withoutexcessive force


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Fatal Fact

Employee killed whenstruck in head by a nailfired from a powderactuated tool.

Tool operator wasattempting to anchor aplywood form in

preparation for pouringa concrete wall


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Easily Penetrated Material

Avoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless

materials are backed by a substance that will prevent thepin or fastener from passing through

Also, dont drive fasteners into very hard or brittle materialthat might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet


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Powder-Actuated Tool Safety Tips

Dont use in explosive or flammable atmosphere

Inspect tool before use to ensure:

it is clean,

that moving parts operate freely

the barrel is free from obstructions and hasthe proper shield, guard, and attachments

Dont load the tool unless using immediately

Dont leave a loaded tool unattended

Keep hands clear of the barrel end

Never point the tool at anyone

Store unloaded in a locked box


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Jacks

To set up a jack, ensure: The base is on a firm, levelsurfaceIts centered

The jack head is placedagainst a level surface You apply the lift force evenly

Lubricate and inspect jacksregularly


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Jacks - Capacity

The manufacturer'srated capacity mustbe marked on all

jacks and must not

be exceeded

All jacks must have astop indicator that is

not exceeded

J k Bl ki


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Immediately block the load

after it is lifted. Put a blockunder the base of the jackwhen the foundation is notfirm, and place a blockbetween the jack cap and

load if the cap might slip.

Jacks - Blocking

Photo - handyman jack isprovided a firm base by

using the railroad tie.The load is cribbed toprevent it from falling.


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OSHA Offi f T i i d Ed ti 38

Summary

Hazards are usually the result of improper tooluse or not following one or more of theseprotection techniques:

Inspecting the tool before use

Using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Using guards

Properly storing the tool

Using safe handling techniques

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