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Power to Gas (& liquids)

Holtappels, Peter

Publication date:2013

Link back to DTU Orbit

Citation (APA):Holtappels, P. (Author). (2013). Power to Gas (& liquids). Sound/Visual production (digital)http://www.natlab.dtu.dk/Energikonferencer/DTU_International_Energy_Conference_2013

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/2263b03c-5d92-406d-abac-f9345b28643e

http://www.natlab.dtu.dk/Energikonferencer/DTU_International_Energy_Conference_2013

Power to Gas (& liquids)Peter Holtappels

Head of Section ” Fundamental Electrochemistry”

[email protected]

DTU Energy ConversionMogens MogensenFabrizio SalvatiJonathan HallinderFrank AllebrodIrina PetrushinaErik ChristensenEva Ravn Nielsen

Contributors:

DONGAksel Hauge Pedersen

Haldor TopsøeJohn Bøgild Hansen

Energinet.dkAndres Bavnhøj Hansen

DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark

Content• Motivation: the wind power perspective

• State-of-art Power to gas

– Power to Hydrogen

– Power to Methane

• Ongoing developments

– Power to Liquids

• Future R&D

The intermittent nature of wind power challenges the existing electricity system

3

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2010 2020 Load

Periods with

surplusof power

Periods with

deficitof power

Periods requiring fast

rampingof back‐up capacity

Alternatives to

grid support*from conventional power plants must be identified

Wind profiles in JanuaryMW

4

1 2 3

*Voltage and frequency control etc.

Aksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013


Electrical energy storage

Specht et al. FVEE AEE Topics 2009

DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of DenmarkAndres Bavnhøj Hansen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013


Power-to-Gas Demonstration around DK• Germany: already in the commercials in TV

– Hydrogen • Falkenhagen (2MW)• Audi (Werlte) (later stage)• Eon Hamburg• Thüga Munich• Prenzlau (120 m3/h• Werder (1MW )

– Methane• Fraunhofer Stuttgart (25-250 kW)• Audi, Werlte ( 6,3 MW)• Graben Erdgas Schwaben (in planing)

• Netherlands– NaturalHy: H2 feed

6 17.09.2013


Power to Gas: H2

7 17.09.2013

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Temperature (ºC)

Ener

gy d

eman

d (K

J/m

ol)

0.00

0.26

0.52

0.78

1.04

1.30

1.55

1/(2

·n·F

) · E

nerg

y de

man

d (V

olt)

Liqu

id

Gas

H2O H2 + ½O2

Total energy demand (Hf)

Electrical energy demand (Gf)

Heat demand (TSf)


Low temperature electrolysis cells

8 17.09.2013

SeparatorDiaphragma

Electro-catalystsElectro-catalysts


Water electrolysis development goals

9 17.09.2013

AEC State of art 2020-30 2050Current density 0.2 – 0.5 0.1 -1 0-2

Operating pressure 1-200 1-350 1-700

Cyclability poor improved High

Production capacity 500 Nm3/h 1000 Nm3/h 10000 Nm3/h

Non energy costs(Euro/Kg

5 2 1

PEMFCCurrent density 0-1 0-2 0-5

Operating pressure 1-50 1-350 1-700

Efficiency non PGMcatalysts

30-40% 60% 60%

Durability 10 000 hs 50 000 hs >100 000 hs

Non energy costs(Euro/Kg

5 2 1


R&D for established water electrolysis• Alkaline water electrolysis

– Diaphragma development

– Electro catalyst development• Conv. current density

0.2 – 0.5 A cm2

• Proton exchange membrane waterelectrolysis

– Bipolar plates• Ta coated steel

– Membrane development

10 17.09.2013

ReSelyzer

Alkaline Electrolysis


H2OceanDevelopment of a wind-wave ocean platform equipped for hydrogen

generation

2012-2014 Evaluation of electrolysis technologies suitable for this application

Sea water, desalination, electrolysis

Examine the water quality influence on the

DegradationLifetimePerformance

http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/


Power to Gas: Methane

DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of DenmarkAksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Temperature (ºC)

Ener

gy d

eman

d (K

J/m

ol)

0.00

0.26

0.52

0.78

1.04

1.30

1.55

1/(2

·n·F

) · E

nerg

y de

man

d (V

olt)

Liqu

id

Gas

H2O H2 + ½O2



Heat demand (TSf)

Advanced ”Low T” electrolysis concepts• Immobilised liquid electrolytes

– Alkaline solutions• solid electrolytes

– Anion exchange membranes

– phosphate materials with proton conductivity between200 – 400 C

14 17.09.2013

Medlys?

porous ceramic matrix


Solid oxide electrolysis technology

15 17.09.2013

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Temperature (ºC)

Ener

gy d

eman

d (K

J/m

ol)

0.00

0.26

0.52

0.78

1.04

1.30

1.55

1/(2

·n·F

) · E

nerg

y de

man

d (V

olt)

Liqu

id

Gas

H2O H2 + ½O2



Heat demand (TSf)

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.5

13.0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Electrolysis time (h)

Stac

k vo

ltage

(V)

-0.50 A/cm2 -0.75 A/cm2

Co-electrolysis: H2O + CO2 H2 + CO + O2

See als pres. from Søren Højgaard Jensen:Session Fuel Cells and H2 Technologies


Power to Gas: system integration aspects


Power to gas/liquid fuels: thermal integration

DME /MeOH: matches syn gas (SOEC product output)CH4: matches Biogas upgrading


SOEC-DME simulation - Low pressure case Two step process: Syn gas MeOH DMEPlant efficiency for different values of investigated parameters, low p SOEC configurations

CASECatalysis for Sustainable Energy

The ”Dream”

Design

Fixation of CO2 and N2into

synthetic fuels(MeOH, NH3)

Cu electro catalysts

RT, liquid electrolytes IT, new electrolytes


Power To Gas & Liquids: A personal outlook

• Gas others than H2 requires considerations of (at least) two reactions• This could be in principle:

– Serial processes– Integrated processes

• Coventional H2O electrolysis• Methanation• eff 60% CH4 / 35 % rd. trip

• Direct electrochemicalfuel synthesis

• Advanced H2O electrolysis + methanation• co-electrolysis & Fischer Tropsch• Eff > 60% CH4, 50-60% rd. Trip ?

now midterm longterm

Thank you for your attention

power to gas (& liquids) - dtu research database · power to gas (& liquids) peter...

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