ROBOTICS & APPLICATIONS

By E.Deepika Druv

Definition of Robot:

An automatic device that perform functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.

Robots exhibit three key elements:

Programmability

Mechanical capability

Flexibility

History:

Isaac Asimov R.U.R Karel Capek

Jacques de Vaucanson in the 1738

http://www.imdb.com/media/rm235116544/tt0343818

Robotics and A.I.:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviours that humans consider intelligent.

An artificial Intelligence and robotics major will include math and computer science covering the basics of programming languages, algorithm design, operating systems, data structures, logic, and probability theory and statistics. Finally, as with most experimental sciences, they also cover ethics and philosophy.

The Laws of Robotics:

Zeroth Law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. First Law: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate the Zeroth Law of Robotics. Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders Would conflict with the Zeroth or First Law. Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the Zeroth, First, or Second Law.

These laws are revised depending on the applications such as for military purpose etc.

Robot Hardware:

SensorsEffectorsMovement Robot power generation

Sensors:Active Sensor:

Sonar SensorRadar Sensor

Laser Sensor

Passive Sensors:

Passive sensors like cameras ,capture signals from the external source in the environment.

Degree of Freedom:

Movement:

Effectors or actuators

Robot Power Generation:

The three important things the power generation circuit of robot should do are:1. Regulate at set voltage2. Supply a minimum required amount of power3. Allow for additional features based on application.

Robot Software:

•A simple test program written in C for an RCX with a motor connected to output port number one could look like this: • void main () // main program• {• motor(1,100); // turn motor # 1 on at 100% force• sleep(2.0); // let the motor run for 2 seconds• ao(); // all off: turn off all equipment• }•Thus, motor number one will go at full speed for two seconds before being turned off along with everything else on the RCX.

Working of Robot:

Block diagram of working of robot

Modern Robots: Mobile RobotsIndustrial RobotsService RobotsMilitary RobotsTelerobotBEAM RobotHumanoid RobotMicrobot

Mobile Robots: Industrial Robots:

Service Robots:

Military Robots: Telerobot

BEAM Robot:

Humanoid Robot: Microbot

There are many research areas associated with the field of robotics which aids in bringing an improvement in the present technologies, and then we can expect new ways of using robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials

Conclusion:

A collection of robots that are presently in use:

Made in Japan: PalroGeminoid

Made in Korea: HSR Series Made in Korea: HSR Series (2)

Made in Korea: HSR Series (3) Made in Korea: Hubo

Made in Korea: Albert Hubo

Made in Korea: Mahru

Made in the U.S.A.: Petman Made in the U.S.A.: Wam Arm

Made in the U.S.A.: Robonaut