1. Review of Chapters 11 & 12: METHODS FOR DEVELOPING ESSAYS And ANALYSIS PLUS Chapter 8 review of Thesis & Using Sources For Support CLASS FIVE / CLASS SIX EN 102

2. Chapter 11 -- Highlights Method for Developing Essays: Multiple Methods Combined *Turn to p 178; If The Genes Fit by Dan Neil*List the six different methods Neil uses

3. Chapter 11 (Continued) Narration Summary Definition Personal Brief, relevant Necessary History When I Knew pheromones Engages the vignettes: gay gene reader directly 3 articles from Opposition to scientific Focus on the Did not decide journals Family to be straight

4. Chapter 11 (Continued) Compare-- Analysis Cause & Contrast Effect cognitive Not true C/C moment Natural form cleaving variation in the Contrast awayopening human genome hetero/homo of an otherness Sexuality awareness like jets peeling genetically Compare: All off.. based humans hard- wired

5. Chapter 11 (Continued) Summary: Purpose= Give a reader a condensed, complete view of an original work. (P. 425). Thesis reflects authors full point: uses memorable phrase or expression, parallels the work it summarizes in tone & order. Tone is objective: no emotions reflected in tone or statements. In larger contexts: Used to introduce difficult material / ideas, give context for material, and to produce credibility that the writer is using the content appropriately. Summary: Short, co mplete

6. Chapter 11 (Continued) Narration: Telling a single story, or several related ones. Purpose: Use firsthand experiences to engage, entertain, inform, persuade. (P. 429). Powerful if focused on a provocative insight; details carefully picked & shaped. Help writer establish significance of event; usually no library research, but can add a dimension to research of the idea / topic presented. Dramatized; Not necessary to have life shattering/ altering event: can be humorous, witty, ironic. Thesis has to be developed from to keep surprise. Makes the reader see for themselves if skillfully done. Narration: Personal tale inside bigger idea

7. Chapter 11 (Continued) Evaluative Response: Assess the value, or quality of a movie, editorial, song lyric, college course, etc. Purpose: Give your judgment of a work based your experience and reading of the text. (P. 438). Present the authors thesis, key points and then your response: Include quotes from the text, and a discussion of each quotation. Analyze, evaluate central points. Think of it as a conversation between the author and you: Insert our examples to parallel, extend, or counter the authors perspective. Restate your thesis in the conclusion in a different way; reread the material to make sure you have a complete analysis , and all relevant quotes. Evaluative Response: Assessment of written material

8. Chapter 11 (Continued) Definition: Explanation of a term or phrase. Purpose: Brief at times, also necessary to develop an understanding of a topic/ idea. (P. 445) Besides dictionary definition, we have 5 other types of definition that can help a writer develop their essay: Expert, Compare/Contrast, Description, Exemplify, and Negation. Read You Call That Irony? by Jon Winokur, page 446. How does Winokur develop his essay, using 5 of the 6 types of definition? Definition: Clarifies terms, or ideas

9. Chapter 11 (Continued)Cause and Effect: Causes are not always so easy to identify, effects are. Purpose:Through critical thinking, we can create compelling essays that may link the many threads of cause to a significant effect. (P.449). List causes from the essay I Confess Some Envy by Robert McKelvey. Using narrative, McKelvey dramatizes the cause of his frustrations and Vietnam, juxtaposed with American response to Desert Storm. List all possible causes, stick with the ones that are most probable and reasonable, and have the best support. (More research may be needed). Develop explanations: dont make your reader assume what you mean. Cause and Effect: Not all effects have clear causes, and speculation MUST be supported by good research, and probability in mind.

10. Chapter 11 (Concluded) Compare/ Contrast: Perception of important distinctions between at least two subjects; starting with similarities, or differences, can inevitably lead to insight as to those distinctions. Purpose: (P.454). Compare / Contrast is used to illustrate: a study of prewar/ postwar inflation; how two psychologists interpret dreams, or an analysis of how a character changes from the beginning to the end of a book. Point by point method tends to be more flexible and easier to understand than block method. Reality Check by Alex Garcia (456); what assumptions did Garcia have about Cuba? What values does Garcia think a Cultural Exchange should have? He says he was too busy shopping for values rather than cultivating them. What does he mean (use examples from the text). Thesis MUST include both subjects; inter- relating the two point by point keeps sight of Your end goal: a solid analysis in your essay.

11. Chapter 12 Highlights Analysis: Process, Problem, or Subject (P. 461).

12. Chapter 12 (continued) Analysis : 3 basic types-- Process, Problem or Subject Process Explains how to do something or how the process is done. Chronological (usually). (P 462). Problem Description of a problem; maybe includes a solution. Establish, examine parts, relation to the whole. (P 468). Subject Examine, explore, interpret, describe, show how, discuss, relate, trace. (P 478).

13. Chapter 12 (Continued)For our Poetry Assignment, we will be using Subject Analysis: Turn to 476. Key words: Denotation, Connotation Images: 5 senses Figures of Speech: Metaphor or Simile Personification, Symboli sm

14. Chapter 12 (Continued)On page 478, review Breaking Tradition analysis; on pages 480-483, review the MLA cited work by student Robert Sakatani: note how eachquote from the poem is followed by line citations. What sentence is thethesis? Also, when the poem line ends (called a break) Robert inserts a / , with space on either side of the break.

15. Chapter 12 (Concluded) Thesis Paper MLAFrom an accurate thesis, our writing grows--- the support material for the otherrequirements further refines and clarifies our focus.

16. Chapter 8 Review: THESIS (p 353) A THESIS is: An assertion or claim about a limited subject , expressed in a single sentence the essay will support / prove / describe. (Read the 10 sentences on 354 which make suitable thesis?)The ideal is a Forecasting or Blueprint Thesis: it has clarity of ideas, andanticipates development of the paper.A Missing Thesis: the main idea is implied throughout the text, but not statedoutright.Many Thesis statements are placed inside the introduction: this helps both thewriter, and reader follow the text much easier. Use the So What strategy tohew a strong thesis for your essay.

17. Chapter 8 Review: Using Sources for Support (P 372). Give Credit to Avoid Plagiarism!!! Use the sandwich technique: start with a LEAD IN Next: the direct quotation Then: Analysis or Commentary [Look @ the examples on 374-5.]Make sure the text is integrated into the writing: like puzzle pieces, if itdoesnt fit, you have got to keep looking (Examples : 375).