potential of a novel airborne hydrographic laser scanner ... · fields of application first results...
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Potential of a novel airborne hydrographic laser scanner for capturing shallow water bodies
Gottfried Mandlburger, Martin Pfennigbauer, Frank Steinbacher
Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (I.P.F.) Vienna University of Technology
www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at
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Airborne Laser Hydrographic Mapping River Loisach, Germany, July 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Data: Airborne HydroMapping (AHM)
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Outline
What is Airborne Laser Hydrography (ALH)? How does it work? Sensors
• Costal mapping: Optech: SHOALS 3000 • Fluvial mapping: Riegl: VQ-820-G Laser Scanner
Potential fields of application First results
• Pond alongside River Danube, February 2011 • River Loisach, June/July 2011
Summary and Outlook
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Mandlburger et.al., Airborne Hydrographic Mapping 3
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What is Airborne Laser Hydrography / Bathymetry?
Airborne Laser (or LiDAR) Bathymetry (ALB) is a technique for measuring the depths of relatively shallow, coastal waters from the air using a scanning, pulsed laser beam. It is also known as Airborne Laser Hydrography (ALH) […]. Typical applications include bathymetric surveys of federal navigation channels, large offshore areas, ports and harbours, shore, coral reefs, […]
Gary C. Guenther et. al: MEETING THE ACCURACY CHALLENGE IN AIRBORNE
LIDAR BATHYMETRY, EARSeL-SIG-Workshop LIDAR, Dresden, 2000
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Airborne Laser Hydrography
Multiple wavelengths Near infrared (1064 nm) for
topography and water surface
Green (532 nm) penetrates water column and reflects from sea/river bottom
Green laser source via frequency doubling of original near infrared (Nd:Yag) signal
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Laser signal propagation
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Guenther et. al, 2000
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EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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ALH: Benefits
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Guenther et. al, 2000
ALH benefits • quick and cost
effective surveys • where difficult,
dangerous or impossible by waterborne sensors
• constant swath width independent from water depth
• provides hydrography and topography
• seasonal changes (after storms, floods, ...)
Mandlburger et.al., Airborne Hydrographic Mapping 7
Turbidity is the limiting factor!
Measurement only during favourable environmental
conditions
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Sensors: Shoals 3000 (Optech, Canada)
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Parameter Specification
Depth accuracy IHO-I: <25 cm
Min/Max depth ~1.5 m / 50 m
Pulse duration ~7 ns
Pulse energy 5 mJ
Net. meas. rate 3 kHz
Sounding density 2�x2 m2- 5x5 m2
Flying altitude 200 - 500 m
Swath width -0.75 �x altitude
Eye-safe altitude >200 m AGL
Sensor dimensions 800 H x 500 W x 580 D (mm) 75 kg
Control rack dim 400 H x 530 W x 600 D (mm) 34 kg
Laser rack dim 490 H x 530 W x 590 D (mm) 45 kg
Chiller rack dim 440 H x 530 W x 590 D (mm) 40 kg Source: www.optech.com Mandlburger et.al., Airborne Hydrographic Mapping 8
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ALH: Costal Mapping
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
LIDAR bathymetry of Galway Bay (source INFOMAR 2006),
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Riegl VQ-820-G
Wavelength λ 532 nm
Ranging accuracy 25 mm
Min/max depth 0-15 m (1 Sechhi)
Pulse duration ~1 ns ≡ 30 cm
Pulse repetition rate 500 kHz (net: 200)
Footprint @ 500 m 50 cm
Pt dens. @ 500 m 10-50 pts/m2
Full waveform Online/post proc.
Scan mechanism Rotating prism
Scan pattern Elliptic arcs
NOHD/ENOHD 100 m / 500 m
Weight 28 kg
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Riegl VQ-820-G
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: www.riegl.com/nc/products/airborne-scanning/produktdetail/product/scanner/32/
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Riegl VQ-820-G
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: www.riegl.com
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Potential fields of application
Hydrodynamic-Numerical (HN) modelling • Capturing geometry for Watercourse DTMs
in a single flight mission • Detailed representation of river bed topography • Calibration/validation of sediment transport models • Turbid water conditions: Capturing of littoral zone
Hydro-morphology Hydro-biology River restoration Mapping of bankside Ecology Monitoring
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Surveying groyne fields
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Mandlburger et al., 2011, "Airborne Hydrographic LiDAR Mapping - Potential of a new technique for capturing shallow water bodies" , MODSIM 2011
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Results: First real-world flight mission Pond @ River Danube, February 2011
Digital (Summer) Orthophoto
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Mandlburger et al., 2011; Data: Riegl LMS
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Results: First real-world flight mission Pond @ River Danube, February 2011
LiDAR point cloud
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Data: Riegl LMS
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Results: First real-world flight mission Pond @ River Danube, February 2011
Colour coded signal amplitude map
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Mandlburger et al., 2011; Data: Riegl LMS
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LiDAR Bathymetry - Results
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Pfennigbauer, M., A. Ullrich, F. Steinbacher, and M. Aufleger (2011). High-resolution hydrographic airborne laser scanner for surveying inland waters and shallow coastal zones. In Proceedings of SPIE 8037, 8037-5, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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Results: First real-world flight mission Pond @ River Danube, February 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Source: Mandlburger et al., 2011; Data: Riegl LMS
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EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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River Loisach, Germany, July 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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River Loisach, Germany, July 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Cross sectional comparison, River Loisach, Germany, July 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Cross sectional comparison, River Loisach, Germany, July 2011
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Summary and Outlook
Airborne LiDAR hydrography Costal Mapping
• Well established method • Operational systems:
– SHOALS (Optech), HawkEye (AHAB), LADS (Fugro), ... • Sophisticated data processing • Heavy and bulky systems • Moderate measurement rate / point density
Fluvial Mapping:
• Riegl VQ-820-G
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
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Summary and Outlook
Riegl VQ-820-G • Compact instrument helicopter, light aircraft • NIR + Green laser simultaneous mapping of topography + river bed • High net measurement rate high point density • Short laser pulses mapping of very shallow water bodies • Full waveform detailed data analysis • High potential for different fields of (fresh) water sciences
Outlook • Technical improvements (max depth, eye safety, ...) • Geometric/radiometric calibration (strip adjustment in two-media-case) • Point classification (water surface, water bottom, bare ground, vegetation, …) • Full waveform analysis (turbidity, water quality, ...) • Feedback loop with water scientists
EGU, General Assembly 2012, Vienna | Austria | 22 – 27 April 2012
Scientific project proposal (COMET/FFG)
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Thank you for your attention!!
Questions??