poster seminar 1 17
DESCRIPTION
Hydro powerTRANSCRIPT
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA LOW
HEAD SIMPLE REACTION WATER TURBINE
Student: Abhijit Date
Supervisor: Prof. Aliakbar Akbarzadeh
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Motivation for research
• Growing energy demand
• Growing CO2 emission (global warming)
• World Hydropower potential survey published in Hydropower & Dams World Atlas 2001 & 2005
World Hydropower scenario (HDW Atlas 2005)
– Technically exploitable potential 16000 TWh/year– Economically exploitable potential 8800 TWh/year– Present hydro power generation 2840 TWh/year– World electricity production 18580 TWh/year
TWh – Trillion Watt Hour
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Hydropower is strategically important worldwide
Actual generation in 2005
− North America 675 TWh/yr
− South America 596 TWh/yr
− Europe 705 TWh/yr
− Asia 717 TWh/yr
− Australia 15 TWh/yr
− New Zealand 23 TWh/yr
Technically exploitable potential
– North America 3000 TWh/yr
– South America 3010 TWh/yr
– Europe 2714 TWh/yr
– Asia 5259 TWh/yr
– Australia 100 TWh/yr
– New Zealand 37 TWh/yr
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Aim of this research project is to develop a low cost water turbine for producing electricity from ultra low head water sources.
Objectives:
– To investigate the simple reaction water turbine to improve its
performance
– To develop a simple design which would allow use of common
and easily available material
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Ultra Low head potentials (small rivers, streams, creeks, canals) are worth exploring which will not have any adverse effect on the surrounding environment.
– Low-head energy sources have a low specific energy, which
requires large and expensive machines which can handle large
volumetric flow rate.
– Conventional hydro turbines such as Kaplan, Francis and Pelton
are expensive for micro-hydro installations and are not
economically suitable for ultra low head micro-hydro applications.
– A simple hydro-machine which can be locally manufactured and
installed (i.e. simple design) with very low cost is needed.
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Kaplan(High efficiency and
High cost)
KaplanPropeller
FrancisKaplan
Reaction
Crossflow(Banki)
(Low efficiency and medium cost)
Multi-Jet PeltonCrossflow
(Banki)
PeltonTurgo
Crossflow(Banki)
PeltonTurgo
Impulse
Ultra low( < 5m)
Low (5m to 20m)
Medium(20m to 100m)
High (>100m)Head (meter of water head)
Turbine Type
Groups of impulse and reaction turbines(Resource: Micro-hydro Design Manual, by Adam Harvey)
Turgo RotorPelton Rotor Francis Rotor Kaplan Rotor Crossflow Rotor
Turbine selection table
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Simple reaction water turbine also known as Hero’s turbine or Barkers mill is the most simplest reaction turbine.
Simple reaction water turbine and a garden water sprinkler works on same reaction principle.
The drawbacks of Barkers mill design are:
– Power is lost due to air drag.
– Power is also lost due to high fluid velocity in the arms.
Barkers Water Mill
Garden Sprinkler
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The “split reaction water turbine” design developed from this research has been influenced by design of the Savonius wind
turbine
Savonius wind turbine
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Steps to build a split reaction water turbine
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Prototype 1: Split reaction water turbine(turbine diameter 255mm, total exit nozzle area 0.00127m2)
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Prototype 2: Split reaction water turbine(turbine diameter 125mm, total exit nozzle area 0.00127m2)
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Water Turbine Test Unit
Tachometer
Pressure Gauge
Electric Generator(D.C. Motor)
Flow meter
Water Pump
Water Turbine
Flow ControllerFrequency controller
for water pump electrical power input
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Hydraulic input power control and measurement Input power = mgH
.
gH = Gauge pressure reading in
kPa
m = mass flow rate (kg/sec)
.