~Cosresl-srrltie~~ts iheare rcqietecl to i e 3s briel 3 posii)le i-ritors ua11e is iil a] cLiet rcquire1 3s 11 ~ronFof ilt ~c~t i faith On revlest in advance one hiui~d~e(l ~ i ~ o con-colii )E a~rm~ar

taining his comilunicntigtn -vili bo iurr~ilied Frtc- c t an corres-ponderit

rL n e editr -ill be glafi to lut)li~ a)- wiihquciirs ~ o ~ i u lt i ~ ~ t $

the character of tilt jo~1rilil

7kIE ~ICTUIE IN T H E LANUSCAPE

T~Einquiry by TiTaAldo Dennis on page 213 into the muses of the unlike impressious wl~icll one receives from a elyen 1anclscipe and from a paintiilg of it seems to me to axplaiu the subject admirably He supposes that the reason why the picture appeftls to us more than the land- scape does is because the picture is condensed and the mind becoines acquainted mith its entire purpose a t once wiriie tile landscape is so broacl that the individual objects at ilrst fix tile attention ar~cl i t is only by a process of

(For otci- letter see p i amp ~zu) syii1hesis that the unity of tlie landscape finally becomes appreili This is admirably illustrated in photographs Oue of the first surprises which I experienced when I be-

jlas aitvaj-s soarc11 is greeLy vnriolls object6 cerlled 4ot the History fraom oe offoreii a chnxp

heen recltdgnizod iiii~- stientifio re-u

iurthcreii by ti ~s~tiiiampriof the ivitl i1711jcl1 tihi ~C~eiilis COll-

tvnnsrnisbioii of oijccts of Xrtvral coufiGr)- Co nno~-ila iile inai avo

spestly and r l r~il~rielus 21ee-tofore t h r o ~ ~ g l i ~ri~l lvlioh ioguiaiioilstho Laxity tle on tile Subject hixo bean s~lfoxecti it his bcai ~ ) o P H ~ -

hie to enter sfincl ubjects in tLc iis~ihi of ic Uili-c~sl Postal Union p3 sar~iples oi ruevciiunlist rild o1tlcr tile rates of p ~ s t a g e tijeyefoy i

ryo111orfi(itiiiifoxini~iicntito-1-y froi2 tile Post 0iiici 3epjtntoil of tile I7iliccl States it appefi1s thaiuch rL riiti~i is cntiroli un~utllor- izea by existijig provisrons a~d tllrt jbjlticllt of JittrI Piistory may be rl~ailed io cualricn of thc Tluion s n i ~ at the raes leclr~ired for lckters TIC 1~te~b $tt~tcs Post OBco Depaytiuejii also mated thi~tic h a d ~eco~lllxkjit1iait-ted pruposii)n to the co~itries c o ~ ~ ~ i i j i i i g i-osioLILS union to inociil- the regluions SO iint sttcli ~1)eciiierrs might be feceire~i into tile xlaiis at ti16 sLno rntcs ~ ssiii-

gal the usc of the camera was the discovery that very 6Liiilo scenes beco~iie interestilg and often even spirited in tho photoogrnph But there is soinething more than mere co~iienrrtiouin this vitalizing and benutifying effect of i 1 pilotogmpli or the pailrting - Individual objects areclro

so maca reduced that they no longer appeal to us as dis-tiuct sltbjects alld however uncoutl they may be in the ra~litytiey make no in~pression in the picture The thin a~itlsere s~~i rd a shaven111ag appear rather like closely la~vuor a uer-lnomn meado~v Ancl again the picture scti R limit to the SCoJio i t franles it and thereby cuts off st11 osti~s~neousand coufusing or irrelerant landscapes

ill thes-3 cm~rBs are enforce~l in the esthetics of land- rjotpe-gadeniiig I t is tile ai-tists o-ue ciesire to make pjc-tilrt ill tiic la~ldscape This is clone in two ways-by the fori~01 pl~utatious auil by the use of s~istas He will throw his pk~intious iuto such positions that open and rtt inure 07 lass confined rireas of preenswnrd are pre-sofitet to Ihe obsurver at various points This glade-like opening is nearly or quite clevoid of small or individual

pies meicjlilildis but thiat L uiriclt~~iu~ni)ej oJ ~ I ~ c gt s E countries had ~ o t e i lagainst the piopcsilion to dolst~tit

This Academy llns tileueiore rehoi~~e to addras he valiols B ~ i e ~ t i j i ~ it is i n oirillliict~lti~nbodies ~viti ~ i l i c i l

13in those eol~atigs whose roianllo-it h n ~ e ~ t e i igtiiuut the propoiiiiion IIJ~ to rocluost thone k1ieutiiic i)ociiis to nlenoriafiza their respective govcfrirflcits in ftyoi of the same

The Qoyerarne~lts of Austriil i3ojirir 13~itisll Blidia Canada Germany Great Ritai~l C~~ciieln i i ~ l t ~ a r ~ Japan Nor~ ~~ay S-odtn insis Porcugal Jeussia iirli Urugr~aJ itncl Venezaela ilviu volcd ill tEic nsgatie this ilcademy respechfaily ~requcbts the ixoiarblo soli-sicleratfon of this cjesiion by s~~ioutiiicsociolies tild beus that tlley take s~ch s h l j s ILH k q - ceen (iiyisi~ble

0

to inform the pcstal authorites ul their rcsy)ectjoii cr- eramefits of the nrafiifcst a(ii-~iitngcsto ~oiei~t i i icye-searamp lx-hicll i ~ o u l ~ iior~ ill2 niloption c gt S tile objcbs a lna j s destroy the unity of such areasresult kxiiich proposed modification nii t l t reqiresL Loso gtjl~tl~oritieuand )re mea~lingless ln Ihemselves The two sketches to take silcll steps s muv restilt i11 the icol~tiun if tio i1iastltte my m a u i n g The upper one is a fair diagram same of the average f~ont-gtaril I t 1s full of individual trees

I3osni G Q ~ o ~ ~ ) r lkhe Setter ]ate or l~cstage (UrCvers~i is anLl b ~ ~ s b ~ s 01 q r o ~ p and the eye is carried from ob- ten tiilles that rcquiyed for ~111~i i lt~iiilciac a set be for ~l)e~iltfllg i

of N1111j iC3 Tltilill-pi0-

hibitive TIlis 21cadeil~y voutl ~c~tcti~iil~ i i iou scietificii ~

societies pronlpt r~ctionou this ili~ttlt if it rneecs ivjtit that approyal whi~~ T-B so sti~rIy esj~

Isic 9 TIisAltir Preriloa t EnJ WOL~BI l e c o ~ t i i u ~lampcrefniy

Tlio Academy of Natural Scienccs oi Pindpiri J)-~-aibcr r4

j ~ ~ t entire makes no claicli-to c)r~ject while the yard rppeal t ti19 mind One is pleased only mith the kinds of plants nhlcl he sees The lol~f3r skelch prebents a cleiinite ayes a t once to the observer a l ~ d the individ-url jdunts are of 1n1aor ii11po Lance Here is a landscape --a pilt~tire there was Inursery

ih vlstrl is a ilarrow operling 01 view between plants-tjons to a distant landucape It cuts up the broacl llorizon into portions which $re ~ead i ly cognizable I t frames