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Post Distribution monitoring Report
Hygiene NFI Provision through Cash Assistance with E-Voucher Modality to Gure-Shembola Camp Refugees
Bereket Seifu (NCA, Emergency Program Officer)
1/12/18 [Course t
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Contents
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. ii
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
2. Objective of the PDM ......................................................................................................... 2
3. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 2
3.1. Questionnaire .............................................................................................................. 2
3.2. Training for enumerators ............................................................................................ 2
3.3. Sample size .................................................................................................................. 2
3.4. Digital data survey ....................................................................................................... 2
3.5. Data Analysis ............................................................................................................... 3
4.1. Demographics.............................................................................................................. 3
4.2. Usage of the E-voucher ............................................................................................... 4
4.3. Usage of the Hygiene wallet ....................................................................................... 4
4.4. Usage of Unrestricted Wallet ...................................................................................... 6
4.5. Beneficiary satisfaction level ....................................................................................... 8
4.6. Time Analysis ............................................................................................................... 9
5. Limitations of the PDM ..................................................................................................... 10
6. Learnings and Recommendations .................................................................................... 11
Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 13
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Respondent proportion per zone ............................................ 3
Figure 2 Respondent Gender segregation ............................................. 3
Figure 3 Family size of the respondents ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4 Usage of the E-voucher ......................................................... 4
Figure 5 Number of soaps bought by different HHs, which have different
number of family members ................................................................ 5
Figure 6 Number of Jerry cans bought ................................................. 5
Figure 7 Liquid soap bought by different HHs with different number of family
members ......................................................................................... 6
Figure 8 Sanitary Pad bought by different HHs with different size of family
members ......................................................................................... 6
Figure 9 Household numbers purchasing each group of Non-food item from
the unrestricted wallet sales basket .................................................... 7
Figure 10 Number of Households purchased Food items ........................ 7
Figure 11 Beneficiary overall satisfaction ............................................. 8
Figure 12 Reason for not satisfied ....................................................... 8
Figure 13 Beneficiaries satisfaction on the selection of hygiene items in the
market ............................................................................................ 8
Figure 14 Beneficiaries satisfaction on the selection of other items in the
market ............................................................................................ 8
Figure 15 Different family size respondent response on the top up
sufficiency for their HH ...................................................................... 9
Figure 16 one-way time to travel to the market Vs beneficiary Number . 10
Figure 17 Waiting time in the shop to buy .......................................... 10
Figure 18 Waiting time to collect the E voucher .................................. 10
Figure 19 Limitations of the PDM ...................................................... 11
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1. Introduction
As the title of the project indicates, the project was implemented jointly by
LWF and NCA. LWF was a lead agency as LWF is currently working in the
camp and responsible for the WASH component on the accountability
matrix. The project funded by NMFA to address the whole population in the
camp. The two specific objectives of the project are to provide hygiene NFI
kit using e-voucher system to improve the hygienic practice of the targeted
community and to improve the overall health of communities by
implementing emergency hygiene activities that encourage households to
adopt improved hygiene practices to 3,303 individuals (854 HHs).
Before the implementation of the project, the need assessment has been
carry out with joint TWG of LWF/NCA. The objective of the survey was to
identify the needs and gaps regarding food and non-food items (NFIs), with
a particular focus on hygiene. There was a big need of hygiene, Non-
Hygiene NFIs and food items according to the findings of FGD, KII, ARRA
and UNCHR. According to the findings from the FGDs and KIIs, soap, jerry
can, washing basins, food items, clothes and blankets were identified as
the most needed items. Other identified hygiene NFI needs include sanitary
pads, underwear, bucket, mosquito net, torch and more. Of food and other
non-food items, blankets, clothes, mats and milk powder, sugar, salt,
wheat, meat, spaghetti and rice were identified. A list of about 31 unique
hygiene commodities, including different types of soap, jerry can, washing
basin, sanitary pads, and underwear was chosen for the hygiene basket. In
addition, a list of about 43 unique commodities food and non-food items
was selected for the unrestricted basket. So that, in order to address
hygiene NFI need and other NFI needs two wallets were provided. The size
of hygiene wallet was determined in consideration of sphere minimum
standard.
Each E voucher top upped with 1050 ETB out of this amount 700 ETB is for
hygiene wallet and the remaining 350 for the unrestricted use. The sales
basket under each wallet were displayed On the vendors smartphones in
the Red Rose One app to the beneficiaries.
Two vendors were selected based on defined open procedure with certain
criteria. The agreement contract with the vendors signed between LWF and
Vendors. This agreement document consist of obligation and right of both
parties including the agreed Maximum price for each items, which are in
the sales basket. Accordingly, the prices have feed in to the system.
The training on the system of transaction (Redrose OneSOLUTION
Electronic Cash Transfer System training) including field demonstration
given for all project stakeholders (5 NCA staffs, 12 LWF staffs, 1 UNCHR
staff and 2 vendors) before the project start up.
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As the PDM conducted 848 HH were received their E-voucher and made the
transaction through the system.
2. Objective of the PDM
The Post-distribution conducted with the aim of:
Assess how the beneficiaries have used the E-voucher.
Determine the effectiveness of the intervention in relation to address
the needs of the community and beneficiary satisfaction level.
Documentation of Project achievement and failures for future
learning and project improvement.
3. Methodology
3.1. Questionnaire
The questionnaire designed targeting the household level to be responded
by the delegate (representatives of the people who were not able to come
to the market place i.e PWD, elderly) or head of the HH. It consists of 75
questions, which could be answer directly by the respondent and by
interviewer simple observation as well.
3.2. Training for enumerators
Short on site training and orientation conducted before the survey start.
The PDM survey have done by six LWF/NCA project staffs including the
market facilitators. As these staffs have been doing the same activities
during the project implementation i.e. collecting the feedback/complaint
from the beneficiaries through this platform, it was easy to do the PDM with
the same procedure.
3.3. Sample size
According to LWF’s (project implementation lead agency) standard
operating procedures (SOPs), a 10– 15% post distribution sample needed
when dealing with cash/vouchers. Accordingly, 124(15 %) sample size took
in to consideration for this PDM. The samples have been selected randomly
within independent ballot for each zone to ensure equal representation and
coverage of the whole distribution.
3.4. Digital data survey
The Redrose OneSOLUTION Electronic Cash Transfer System has been used
as a platform to implement this cash assistance project. The survey also
has done through the same platform. As Red Rose is the only one who can
work on the platform, NCA prepared the PDM questionnaire and shared this
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with Red Rose. Red Rose digitalized the questionnaire and uploaded it to
the system within one week.
The survey done using the smart phones procured for the project. The
system requested to scan the beneficiary e-voucher card and enter the PIN
code before proceeding to the questions to verify the beneficiary. Once the
data collected and submitted, the information saved in to the phone and
transferred in to the platform immediately when the device connected to
the internet and synchronized.
3.5. Data Analysis
Data analyzed and visualized by using the Red Rose affiliated website called
Pentaho (https://pentaho.redrosecps.com/pentaho/Login) and Excel for
analyzing some of the data.
4. Findings
4.1. Demographics
The PDM survey conducted in 124 beneficiary households that covered 15%
of the total beneficiaries. 65% of the household interviews were conducted
in zona A (the biggest zone). Two thirds of the respondents were women,
while one third of the respondents were men. The average family size also
considered in selection of samples The average family size was 5.
Figure 1 Respondent proportion per zone
Figure 2 Respondent Gender segregation
Figure 3 Family size of the respondents
65%
35%
Zone A
Zone B 92
31
Female Male
22
10
20
30
Unique Beneficiary
HH Respondant Vs Family Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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4.2. Usage of the e-voucher
All the e-vouchers were used by the beneficiaries and almost all (98 %) are
used the whole balance. 80% went to the shop 1-5 times to buy something
using the e-voucher. 2% of the respondents did not used the whole amount
of the e-voucher. of the reasons given were the very low balance remaining
and nothing to buy with it and because of different problems that not
allowed to them to go to the market place.
Figure 4 Usage of the E-voucher
4.3. Usage of the Hygiene wallet
Total of 135 bathing and laundry soaps have purchased by the surveyed
households i.e. By average every household had bought one bathing soap.
Most of the items bought by families having a family size of four, five and
six. this is true for the liquid soap and sanitary pads as well.
Out of the total survey, 77(62%) households bought 84 medium and small
washing basin and 4(3%) households bought four Jerry cans.
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Figure 5 Number of soaps bought by different HHs, which have different number of family members
Figure 6 Jerry cans bought
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
TotalFamily
Members
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Family Size Vs Number of soap bought
Commodity Diva (200 g) Commodity Diva (250 g) Commodity Duru (180 g)
Commodity Economy (200 g) Commodity GIV (80 g.) Commodity LUX (75 g)
Commodity Micky(200 g) Commodity Micky(200 g)
55
29
1 344% 23% 1% 2%
WASHING BASIN (MEDIUM) WASHING BASIN (SMALL) JERRY CAN (10L) JERRY CAN (20L)
number of Purchased Jerry cans and Washing basins by PDM surveyed HHs
no of the items % HH sold the items
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Figure 7 30 % of the HHs bought by different HHs with different number of family members
Figure 8 17 % of the HHs bought different kinds of sanitary pad
4.4. Usage of Unrestricted Wallet
Form the non-food items (NFIs) that could be accessed through the
unrestricted wallet toothbrush and toothpaste were bought by 58%,
blanket and thin blanket together covered 59 % of the HHs and cloths and
shoes follows as shown in the figure below.
. . .
9.
13.
6.5.
3.2.
. 0.
5.
10.
15.
Largo Liquid soap
Family Size vs Number of soap bought(Liquid Soap)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Total Family Members
Family size Vs Sanitary Pad bought
Commodity Sanitary Pads
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Figure 9 % HH purchasing each group of Non-food item from the unrestricted wallet sales basket
As it found from the need assessment result through FGD and KII during
the initial stage of the project, food items have bought by the beneficiaries
as expected through the e-voucher system. Sugar bought by more
households than any food item in the sales basket and it covers 56.4% of
the HHs, macaroni (54.8%), wheat flour (51.6%), Anchor 35 gram and
Anchor 400 gram have purchased by 79% Households, pasta spaghetti
(40.3%), Rice (34.6%) and tomato powder (24.1%).
Figure 10 ouseholds purchased Food items
2% 4%
1%
1%
1%
11
%
1% 2%
58
%
57
%
0% 1%
12
% 16
%
38
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31
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22
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16
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15
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16
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10
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9% 1
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3%
20
% 25
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6%
15
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6%
15
% 24
% 33
%
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% HH PURCHASING EACH PRODUCTGROUP OF NON FOOD ITEMS USING UNRESTRICTED WALLET
44% 47%
6%
52% 55%
40%35%
56%
5%24%
HH purchasing each productgroup of Non food Items using unrestricted wallet
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4.5. Beneficiary satisfaction level
out of the result 91% of the beneficiaries were satisfied with the items,
which are selected in the sales basket of both in hygiene and unrestricted
wallet as well as available in the market.
Three forth of the beneficiaries were satisfied on the availability of urgently
needed items in the market.
The reasons given for dissatisfaction were the high price of some items and
insufficient amount of top up. Families having one, two and three family
members responded that the top up amount was enough to cover their
family needs throughout the project period. However, the information
analysed shows it was not enough starting from family size four.
Figure 11 Beneficiary overall satisfaction
Figure 12 Reason for not satisfied
Figure 13 Beneficiaries satisfaction on the selection of hygiene items in the market
Figure 14 Beneficiaries satisfaction on the selection of other items in the market
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Y E S N O
O V E R A LL , W E R E Y O U S A T I S F I E D W I T H T H E E - V O U CH E R Y O U R E CE I V E D ?
01234567
Some items wereexpensive
the top up was notenough to buy all items
that I need for myfamily
Reason for not satisfied
No9%
Yes91%
Are you satisfied with the selection of other items in the market?
No5%
Yes95%
Are you satisfied with the selection of other items in the market?
No Yes
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Figure 15 Different family size respondent response on the top up sufficiency for their HH
4.6. Time Analysis
The analysis in the below figures shows the time required to travel from
home to market place (one way), waiting time in the available two shop to
buy and waiting time which have been taken to collect the e-voucher card
during the initial stage of the project.
During the e-voucher card distribution days 44 % of the beneficiaries
waited for thirty to sixty minutes, 31% of them waited for less than thirty
minutes and 10 % of them were waited for more than an hour.
For more than 60% of the beneficiaries it took thirty or less minutes to
travel to the market. However, majority (54%) of them have been waited
in the shop queuing line more than an hour to buy. Long queuing line
observed during the first week of the distribution began.
28; 23%
96; 77%
HH respondant Vs Response on availability of the item which is needed urgently by the beneficiary
No
Yes
22
11
7
23
20
15
7
5
7
4
17
10
4
12
10
2
5
2
6
3
5
1
3
11
10
13
2 3
1 1
F A M I L Y S I Z E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
E - v o u c h e r b a l a n c e v s f a m i l y s i z e
Total Respondant HH Family Members
The evoucher top up amount was enough for our family
The evoucher top up amount was NOTenough for our family
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Figure 16 one-way time to travel to the market Vs beneficiary Number
Figure 17 Waiting time in the shop to buy
Figure 18 Waiting time to collect the E voucher
5. Limitations of the PDM
The PDM covers 14.6 % of the total beneficiaries of the Refugee camp.
More than 60 % of the respondents information converges to the system
information. So that the selected households gives somehow respective
picture of the beneficiaries.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
< 30 min
30 min- 60 min
>60 min
Don’t know
How long time did it take to travel to the market (one way)?
Zone B Zone A
13; 10%
26; 21%
67; 54%
19; 15%
Waiting time in the shop to buy the items
<30 min
31 - 60 min
>60 min
Don't know
38; 31%
54; 44%
13; 10%
19; 15%
Waiting time to collect the E voucher from the distribution center
<30 min
30 - 60 min
>60 min
Don't know
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Figure 19 Limitations of the PDM
6. Learnings and Recommendations
The PDM survey done digitally through the platform. This ensured the
quality of data and minimized time needed to collect the data.
The allocation of money among the two wallets helped us to meet our
objective and project goal as the beneficiary has the opportunity to fill other prioritized need from their unrestricted wallet.
The delay in the signing of the relevant agreement document by
UNCHR and ARRA side considerably affected the project actual start
date and shorten the time that the beneficiaries should spend the
money. This enforced to change the instalment from two to one time.
It was observed that using PIN as beneficiary verification was difficult
for most of the beneficiaries, most of them were needed market
facilitators or promotors help to insert their PIN in to the system, as
most of they are not illiterate. Therefore, finger prints can be
considered as a possible solution for the future CBI. This will require
finger scanner, which connected with the system.
The local vendors should get high priority to be involved in the CBI
projects. In the time of no qualified vendors around the localities it is
still good to allow some time for potential vendors to process all the
necessary documentation making them eligible as vendor. So that,
this may have a very high contribution for the sustainability of the
market, contributing much for the peaceful coexistence of the host
and refugee communities and the local government to get some
revenue from the vendors to execute the development activities for
the same community.
The no price escalation and high quality items provision in the market
have been ensured through insertion of maximum price for each item
into transaction system and tight monitoring of the market
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
PDM v System Data
Data from the system Data from the PDM
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facilitators. Moreover, the binding agreement that signed by the
vendors have list of obligations by all stakeholders, list of items,
which should be available in the shop, every time and maximum price
of them.
Feedback and complaints collecting through RR collect app provided
by the Red Rose platform was very good in order to report the
complaints very fast to all the platform credential users to get the
possible solution.
In this project, the households received the same value of e-voucher
regardless of their family size. For the future cash based intervention
the providing top up should be based on the number of household
members.
The location of the market should be within the centre of the
community and should be very convenient to reach by all kinds of
peoples with disability who are available in the camp.
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Appendix
Question / heading
Type of question
Answer alternatives Comments
NCA/LWF e-voucher pilot Post Distribution Monitoring survey
(title/information)
Household questionnaire
(title/information)
Gure Shembola Refugee Camp
(title/information)
Introduction and guidelines
(title/information)
Please introduce yourself and the purpose of the visit to the interviewee clearly. (information)
Please seek the consent of the interviewee before proceeding (information)
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with the questionnaire.
Please explain that you are not going to provide any additional items but that the questionnaire is only to help improve distributions in the future. (information)
Please try to keep the interview as confidential as possible to avoid bias. This may mean asking bystanders politely to move away, and/or finding a space where people are not able to overhear. (information)
Please confirm that the Head of Household and/or the (information)
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individual who was registered and who collected/bought the at shopping time is available for you to be interviewed
Name of enumerator Text*
(*may be changed into Choose one with names when name of enumerator confimred)
Date Date
Pre conditions for the interview
Do you give your consent to be interviewed? Choose one Yes No
If no, jump to the end
Are you the head of household (or alternatively the one registered to Choose one Yes No
If no, jump to the end
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receive/use the e-voucher)?
Did you (the household) receive a e-voucher in the distribution done by NCA/LWF? Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
Why did you (the household) not receive an e-voucher? Choose one
Missed the distribution
Was not on the list
Don't know Other
Jump to end of the questionnaire
Basic information
Zone A B
Block Integer
Community Integer
Gender of respondent Choose one Male Female
How many family members are living in the household? Integer
Use of e-voucher
Have you (the household) Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
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used the e-voucher?
Why did you not use the e-voucher? Choose one
Lost the e-voucher
It was stolen Sold it
Didn't know how to use it
Didn't need the items
E-voucher wasn't working
Market not accessible
Don't know Other
Have you used all the credit on the e-voucher? Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
Why have you not used all? Choose one
Have small rest balance (not sufficient to shop for)
Didn't have the items I wanted in stock
Didn't have the items I wanted in the selection
Problems going to the market
Didn't have sufficient time to spend it
Don't know Other
Out of the hygiene items you bought, which items are you still using (or have available)?
Choose all that apply
Lux (75 g)
Giv (80 g)
(Duru 180 g)
Diva (200g)
Diva (250g)
Micky (200g)
Economy (200g)
Picollo (200g)
Crown (200 g)
Please display the corresponding pictures from the sales basket in the platform
Larfo (1L) Largo (2L)
Plastic kettle (for toilet)
Washing basin
Bucket with lid
Jerry can (10L)
Jerry can (20L) Broom
Sanitary pads (Anna)
Sanitary pads (Eve)
Underwear
Underwear (girls)
Tooth brush
Toothpaste
Razorblade
Torch (big)
Torch (small)
Nail cutter
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(women)
Bug spray
Mosquito net (circular)
Mosquito net (square)
Out of the other items you bought, which items are you still using (or have available)?
Choose all that apply
Nido Anchor (400g)
Anchor (35g)
Spaghetti Sorghum
Flour (wheat) Salt Sugar Oil
Please display the corresponding pictures from the sales basket in the platform
Tomato powder Buscuits Tea
Orange powder Rice
Macaroni Blanket
Blanket (thin) Mat
Kettle (small)
Kettle (large) Plate Glass
Cup (plastic)
Casserole (small)
Casserole (medium)
Casserole (large)
Pan (small)
Pan (medium) Ladle
Cutting board
Knife (kitchen)
Shoes (women)
Shoes (children)
Sandals (men) Jacket Skirt
Dress Trouser
T-shirt (children)
T-shirt (adult)
Sweater (children)
Sweater (adult)
OBSERVATION - HYGIENE ITEMS: Ask the respondent to show you the
Choose all that apply
Lux (75 g)
Giv (80 g)
(Duru 180 g)
Diva (200g)
Diva (250g)
Micky (200g)
Economy (200g)
Picollo (200g)
Crown (200 g)
Please display the corresponding pictures from the sales basket
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items they still use/have.
in the platform
Larfo (1L) Largo (2L)
Plastic kettle (for toilet)
Washing basin
Bucket with lid
Jerry can (10L)
Jerry can (20L) Broom
Sanitary pads (Anna)
Sanitary pads (Eve)
Underwear (women)
Underwear (girls)
Tooth brush
Toothpaste
Razorblade
Torch (big)
Torch (small)
Nail cutter
Bug spray
Mosquito net (circular)
Mosquito net (square)
OBSERVATION - OTHER ITEMS: Ask the respondent to show you the items they still use/have.
Choose all that apply
Nido Anchor (400g)
Anchor (35g)
Spaghetti Sorghum
Flour (wheat) Salt Sugar Oil
Please display the corresponding pictures from the sales basket in the platform
Tomato powder Buscuits Tea
Orange powder Rice
Macaroni Blanket
Blanket (thin) Mat
Kettle (small)
Kettle (large) Plate Glass
Cup (plastic)
Casserole (small)
Casserole (medium)
Casserole (large)
Pan (small)
Pan (medium) Ladle
Cutting board
Knife (kitchen)
Shoes (women)
Shoes (children)
Sandals (men) Jacket Skirt
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Dress Trouser
T-shirt (children)
T-shirt (adult)
Sweater (children)
Sweater (adult)
Have you traded any of the items bought with the e-voucher? Choose one Yes No
If no, skip two next questions
How did you trade?
Choose all that apply
Sold items
Exchanged for other goods Other
What did you trade the items for?
Choose all that apply Food
Shelter materials Clothes
Alchohol or cigarettes Other
If other, please specify
Was there any other item(s) that you urgently needed at the time of this distribution that you did not find in the allowed item lists in the shop? Choose one Yes No
If no, skip next question
Please specify the items Text
Was there any items from the available items Choose one Yes No
If no, skip next question
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list that you wanted to buy, that neither of the vendor had in store?
Please name the relevant item(s) Text
Beneficary satisfaction
Are you satisfied with the selection of hygiene items in the market? Choose one Yes No
If no, skip next question
Why were you not satisfied?
Choose all that apply
Didn't have some/all of the items I wanted
Didn't like the brands Other
Are you satisfied with the selection of other items in the market? Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
Why were you not satisfied?
Choose all that apply
Didn't have some/all of the items I wanted
Didn't like the brands Other
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Were the e-voucher credit sufficient to cover the most urgent needs? Choose one Yes No
Overall, were you satisfied with the e-voucher you received? Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
Please specify Choose all that apply
Information & communication
From who did you get the information about the distribution and e-voucher?
Choose all that apply
LWF/NCA staff
Hygiene promotors
UNHCR staff
ARRA staff
Word of mouth Other
Did you receive enough information in order to use the e-voucher without any big problems? Choose one Yes No
If yes, skip next question
What did you not receive enough information about?
Choose all that apply
Distribution
How to use the e-voucher
How to use a PIN code
Limitation of the e-voucher
E-voucher value
The two wallets Other
If other, please specify
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Did you need to show any proof of identification when receiving the e-voucher (during the distribution)? Choose one Yes No
Don't remember
Did you need to show any proof of identification when using the E Voucher Card (in the shop)? Choose one Yes No
Don't remember
How long time did it take to collect he e-voucher card (during the distribution)? Choose one <30 min
30 - 60 min >60 min
Don't know
How long time did it takt to travel to the market (one way)? Choose one <30 min
30 - 60 min >60 min
Don't know
How long time did you have to wait in the shop to buy the items? Choose one <30 min
30 - 60 min >60 min
Don't know
Approximately, how many times have you gone to the Choose one
1 -5 times
6 - 10 times
More than 10 times
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market to shop using the e-voucher?
Were you able to check your balance upon request? Choose one Yes No
Don't know
Did you face any problems receiving or using the e-voucher`? Choose one Yes No
Please specify Choose all that apply
Distance to the market
Security concerns
Technical issues
Use of PIN code
Lack of information
Unused rest balance
Didn't have items in stock Other
Feedback Information
Any feedback is very valuable and highly appreciated in terms of improving future programs Information
Do you have any complaints or feedback? Choose one Yes No
If no, skip next question
Please specify the complaints or feedback Text
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Thank you so much for your time and contribution! Information