post-cyclone recovery policies and coordination in myanmar 2008-2010 iizuka ryoko, mep13101 policy...
TRANSCRIPT
Post-Cyclone RecoveryPolicies and Coordination in Myanmar 2008-2010
Iizuka Ryoko, MEP13101Policy Design and Implementation, GRIPSJuly 19, 2013
Outline
1. Background
2. Cyclone Nargis
3. Response –
Policies and Coordination Mechanisms
4. Challenges and Reflections
1. Background
1962 Military rule starts1988 Student demonstration1990 National election -
NLD victory ignored
2003 7-step Roadmap to Disciplined Democracy2007 Saffron revolution2008 Cyclone Nargis, Referendum on
constitution
2010 National Election – USDP victory2011 New Government – President Thein Sein
Photo source: Not My Tribe
Working Environment 2008
•No UNDAF or PRSP
•UNDP stopped country program in 1993 (allowed only grassroots activities, no direct engagement with the government)
•NGOs severely restricted
2. Cyclone Nargis
•Hit Delta region and Yangon in May 2008
•Killed 140,000, affected 2.4 M
•Damage US$4.1 B
3. Response: Major Events and Policy ToolsDate Event Who What2 May
Cyclone Nargis
3 National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee
GoM Emergency response with 10 sub-committees
9 ASEAN Humanitarian Task Force
ASEAN Agreed to assist
19 Flash Appeal (1) UNOCHA Request $187M for 6 months
25 ASEAN-UN International Pledging Conference
ASEAN-UN-GoM
Agreed to form a Tripartite Core Group
31 Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA)
TCG
10 Jul
Flash Appeal (2) UNOCHA Revised request $482M for 1 year
Dec Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan (PONREPP)
TCG 3-year recovery strategy (‘09-11), request $691M
ASEAN-led Coordination Mechanism
Source: PONJA, 20083 reps from GoM- M. of Foreign Affairs- M. of Social Welfare
and Resettlement- M. of Agriculture and
Irrigation
In-Country Coordination Mechanism
TCG
ASEAN-UN- GoM meetings
Field Hubs
Sectoral Clusters
10 Clusters
(Agencies &
Ministries)
Field Clusters
Inter-Agency Standing
Committee
UN-NGOs-
Red Cross meetings
Donors
Meetings with UN,
NGOs
Frequent Field
Missions
PONREPP8 Key Areas1. Livelihoods2. Shelter3. Education4. Health5. Water, Sanitation, Hygiene6. Disaster Risk Reduction7. Environment8. Vulnerable Groups
As of Jun 2010, $348M received. With needs ($691M) not met, prioritized action plan developed with $103M (5 sectors).
UNDP Myanmar Response
1) Emergency response:Water, food, clearing debris, shelter, grants…
2) Integrated Community-based Early Recovery:
US$23 M for 2 years, covering 500 villages1. Livelihood2. Infrastructure3. Capacity Development4. Disaster Risk Reduction
Left: Shelter construction
Right: Pond cleaning – critical to catch monsoon rain to ensure drinking water for the rest of the year
4. Challenges
•Coordination: numerous actors at multiple levels with different objectives, in fast changing environment.
•Priority: massive needs with limited funds. Tarps or shelters? How many can you cover?
•Ideal vs. Reality: Build Back Better, Early Recovery, Sustainability, Community Ownership…
•Capacity vs. Reality: you want to do so much but your time, money, capacity are all limited.
Reflections
•To coordinate well, you need to know what you can do and what others can do.
•No prior relations or trust can hamper your coordination. Government’s track record greatly affect donors.
•Leader’s accurate judgment and direction is critical.
•It was an over-ambitious program, yet necessary. Think of how to maximize your limited resources to do more.