pore-to-field upscaling of immiscible two-phase flow hasan nooruddin martin blunt jan 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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Pore-to-Field Upscaling of Immiscible Two-Phase Flow
Hasan Nooruddin Martin BluntJan 2015
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Outline
• What is upscaling?• Why to scale-up multiphase flow properties? • Upscaling methods – brief background• How are we going to upscale multiphase flow?
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What is upscaling?
• Upscaling is a process to determine effective multiphase flow properties on larger scales while capturing small-scale heterogeneity.
(Rhodes et al. 2008)
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Introduction
Relative Permeability Capillary Pressure
• Field-scale reservoir simulation study always suffer from a shortage of SCAL data.• Pore-network modelling provides a practical tool to generate large datasets of physically-consistent
multiphase flow properties relatively quickly.• We need to scale-up this information to a field-scale reservoir simulation gridblock.
• to include other heterogeneities found at larger scales.• to address the impact of fluid forces acting at larger scales (e.g., impact of global boundary
conditions)
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Why do we need to upscale pore-scale multiphase flow ?
• If it is not the REV:• We need to include other heterogeneities at larger scales.
• Assuming REV:• We need to address the impact of fluid forces acting at larger scales (e.g., impact of global
boundary conditions)
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Upscaling approaches
• Steady-state • Unsteady-state (Dynamic methods)
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Steady-state method
• Computationally cheaper than dynamic methods
• Key issue is to find the saturation distribution• CL: constant capillary pressure • VL: constant fractional flow• CL+VL: simulate until steady-state is reached – similar to dynamic method
• Apply sequence of single-phase simulations• Repeat the process at different average
saturations
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Unsteady-state method
• Require running the fine-gridded model – Computationally demanding
• Account for numerical dispersion• Case dependent – have to be reproduced for
different flood rates and directions.• Might generate unphysical relative
permeability curves (non-monotone flux)
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Our approach
mm scale
cm scale
m scale
Facies-model scale
• Multistage approach starting from an accurate representation at the pore level.• Pore-network model:
• capillary-controlled displacement – valid for most conditions at pore level.• good starting point – does not depend on BC.
• Incorporate pore-, core-, intermediate-, and large-scale heterogeneities, as required.• Including the right balance of forces at each stage.• Represent physics and geology.
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Thank You
Thank you
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Our approach
• We need to develop a simulator: • Incompressible , two-phase flow
simulator • Includes viscous, capillary and
gravitational forces• Unstructured – to effectively capture
heterogeneities at all upscaling stages
(Rhodes et al. 2008)