population-revision 27/09/2010. what is the difference between population distribution and...
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Population-Revision
27/09/2010
What is the difference between Population distributionand Population density?
• Distribution describes where the people are in the World.
• Density describes how many people are in a particular area (km2).
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What factors effect population distribution
and density?
UK Popn
Population per km2
over 150
10-150
Under 10
UK popn + relief
Factorsaffecting
populationdistribution
Climate
Relief
Soil
ResourcesCommunicati
ons
Technological Development
Economic Activities
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World Population Density
GlossaryPopulation
distribution
Population density
Environmental factors
Physical factors
Human factors
Positive factors
Negative factors
Pattern of where people live
How many people per km2
Changeable/natural things about the place (climate, soils etc)
Unchangeable things about the landscape
Features influenced by humans
These attract people
These are avoided by people
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Population Statistics
Important statistics
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Natural Increase
Life Expectanc
y
Infant Mortality
Rate
Birth Rate by Country (per 1000 population)
Death Rate by Country (per 1000 population)
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 babies)
Good Place to liveBad
Central ScotlandAntarctica
SaharaHimalayasAmazon
Rockie MountainsJapan
ShetlandLondon
CairngormsIraq
Clips from BBC
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/uk-population-distribution/7329.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/where-in-the-world-do-people-live/532.html
The Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition Model
• This is a model devised to show and explain changes in the population pattern over time.
• There are 5 stages in the model:– High Stationary– Early expanding– Late expanding– Low stationary– Declining.
Demographic Transition Model
BBC clips
• Changes in mortality rates
• The outbreak of Cholera in Manchester
• A government information film from 1946 illustrating the progress being made in improving public health.
World Population Increase
Recap.
1. Name 2 physical factors that effect population distribution.
2. Name a country that is very densely populated.
3. What is the definition of birth rate?
4. What is the definition of death rate?
5. Birth rate – death rate = ?
Recap Answers.
1. Relief, climate, water supply, etc.
2. India, China.
3. The number of births in a country in a year, per 1000 people.
4. The number of deaths in a country in a year, per 1000 people.
5. Birth rate – death rate = Natural increase
World population Increase
BBC Clips
• World population increase?
• Germany population decrease
Population Pyramids
Differences between ELDCs and EMDCs
• ELDCs: Economically Less Developed Countries.
• EMDCs: Economically More Developed Countries.
ELDC’s
and
EMDC’s
Why the difference in population?
Paired work: statement sort
• The statements you have been given need to be sorted out in to categories.
• Your categories are:– Changes in a Developed population.– Changes in a Developing population.1. Write these two headings, one on each sheet
of A4 paper.2. Cut out and put the statements under the
correct heading.3. Once you have checked your answers stick
them in place.
Implications of falling birth rates in Developed countries.
• Fewer young people reduces the size of the available work force.
• More older people need to be cared for due to increased life expectancy.
• Increasing need for medical care and care homes for elderly people.
• Taxes on the working population need to increase.
• The retirement age is increased• Government money is diverted from other
areas of the economy.
Implications of rising birth rates and falling death rates in Developing
Countries.• Overpopulation.• Not enough food to meet the demands of
a growing population.• Inadequate housing for the population,
particularly in cities and towns.• Slums and shanty towns are common.• These areas often lack basic facilities like
clean water and electricity.• High unemployment rates, widespread
poverty, lack of government aid.• Lack of health care and education.• Increased migration.
Solutions
• EMDC soultions.– More paternity leave to encourage
couples to have more children– Raise retirement age, reduce pensions.– Encourage people to take out private
pension schemes.– Encourage more women to work.– Allow in more immigrants.
Solutions
• ELDC soultions.– Laws limiting family size e.g. one-child
policy in China.– More information given out about family
planning and contraception.– Better education.– More opportunities for abortions– Incentives for people with smaller
families.
Migration
What is migration?
• Migration = The movement of people from one place to another.
Migration
• Migration has always happened.• Increased migration between
countries due to cheaper transport.
• How Victorian industrialisation drew large numbers of people away from working the land, into working in towns and factories.
Types of Migration
• Voluntary migration: where people move of there own free will.
• Forced migration: where people have no choice they must move.
• Permanent migration: people move forever, find a new place to live.
• Temporary migration: there is always intentions to come home again (not forever).
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Push and Pull factors
Push factors: pushing people away from an area.
Pull factors: pulling people towards an area.
Task:Sort the following into push and pull factors:
a. Lack of jobsb. Access to health servicesc. No schoolsd. No access to clean watere. Housingf. Bright lights / entertainment
BBC clips
• Push and Pull factors
• Why do people leave the countryside?
Population Census
COUNTING THE POPULATION
You should be able to:You should be able to:– Describe methods of acquiring data.Describe methods of acquiring data.– Explain why it is important to collect Explain why it is important to collect
information about populations.information about populations.– Give examples of difficulties faced by Give examples of difficulties faced by
those in charge of conducting the those in charge of conducting the census.census.
WHAT IS A CENSUS?
Carried out every 10 yearsCarried out every 10 years
AprilApril
One form per householdOne form per household
Legal obligation to completeLegal obligation to complete
Range of questionsRange of questions
Government usually puts a lot of Government usually puts a lot of money into publicity to encourage money into publicity to encourage people to complete and return ASAPpeople to complete and return ASAP
COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001
What would you like to find out in a What would you like to find out in a Census?Census?
– AgeAge– SexSex– ReligionReligion– OccupationOccupation– Number of children, etc.Number of children, etc.
Why do we collect this data Why do we collect this data and how is it used?and how is it used?
SCOTTISH CENSUS
What it looks like
CENSUS PUBLICITY
COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001
UK Population 58,789,194UK Population 58,789,194– Scotland = 5,062,011Scotland = 5,062,011
Scotland’s population has dropped Scotland’s population has dropped by 2% over the last 20 yearsby 2% over the last 20 years
11stst time ever – more over 60s than time ever – more over 60s than under 16sunder 16s
DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA
Expensive processExpensive process
Nomadic people hard to track downNomadic people hard to track down
Illegal immigrantsIllegal immigrants
Social and religious reasons for inaccurate Social and religious reasons for inaccurate responsesresponses
People may be untruthful – UK Poll Tax, China People may be untruthful – UK Poll Tax, China One Child Policy etc.One Child Policy etc.
DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA
Illiteracy – unable to fill in paperworkIlliteracy – unable to fill in paperwork
Many languages in some ELDCs – complicated Many languages in some ELDCs – complicated and adds to expenseand adds to expense
Internal migration – hard to keep tabs on peopleInternal migration – hard to keep tabs on people
Poor internal communication structuresPoor internal communication structures
Difficult terraine, war, distrust of officialDifficult terraine, war, distrust of official