David PiperTask Manager (POPs enabling activities)UNEP DGEF

POPs waste disposal under the Stockholm Convention

Key elements

Convention provisions relating to wastes

• Article 3 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from intentional production and use

• Article 5 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from unintentional production

• Article 6 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from stockpiles and wastes

Article 3: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases

from intentional production and use

Restricts trade of POPs chemicals to:

• purposes/uses permitted under registered specific exemptions/acceptable purpose

• environmentally sound disposal – (paragraph 1d of Art 6)

Article 5 & Annex C: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases

from unintentional production

• Develop action plans• Promote

– available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination

– substitute products and processes– the use of BAT/BEP

• BAT required for new Part II sources 4 years after entry into force

Preventing POPs waste arising

Reducing releases

“…promote available, feasible, practical measures…”

• Improved waste management

• Treatment of residuals and wastes

• Improved flue-gas cleaning

• Low-waste technologies

• Recovery and recycling of wastes

• Good housekeeping

• Improved product quality

• Avoiding use & generation of elemental Cl

• Less hazardous raw materials

• Process changes – e.g. closed systems

• Process modification – e.g. to improve combustion

Waste-related source categories

Annex C Part II• Waste incinerators, including co-incineration of

municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge

• Cement kilns firing hazardous waste• Secondary copper, aluminium and zinc productionAnnex C Part III

– Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites– Crematoria and destruction of animal carcasses– Shredder plants for treatment of vehicles– Smouldering of copper cables– Waste oil refineries

Article 6: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases

from stockpiles and wastes

• Stockpiles

• Wastes

• Contaminated sites

• Linkage to Basel Convention

Stockpiles

Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (b), (c)

• Develop strategies to identify POPs stockpiles, & products in use

• Identify POPs stockpiles & products in use

• Manage POPs stockpiles in an environmentally sound manner

Wastes (& products and articles upon becoming wastes)

Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (d)• Develop strategies to identify POPs wastes• Handle, collect, transport & store wastes in an environmentally sound

manner• Dispose

– so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed– In an environmentally sound manner if destruction not preferred– in a way that does not lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation, or reuse of

POPs• Transport POPs wastes across international boundaries according to

international rules

Article 6 Paragraph 1 (e); Contaminated sites• Develop strategies to identify contaminated sites

– (and ensure that remediation is performed in environmentally sound manner)

Art 5

No identify here but implied in the next

point

Does the wasteInclude products or articles consisting of, containing or

contaminated with POPs?

No

Yes

POPs waste

Municipal, industrial or

hazardous wastes

Is the content of the waste

arising known?

Yes

NoConduct

analyses & report

Yes

Yes

NoDispose as appropriate for waste, noting obligations under Article 5 & Annex C re unintentional production of POPs byproducts

1.Prepare management plans to such that wastes are handled, collected, transported and stored in an environmentally sound manner 2. Dispose of wastes so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformedOr dispose in ESM where destruction isa) Not environmentally preferred, or b) POPs content is low(Article 6.1.a,d) Note obligations under Article 5 & Annex C

Are wastes To be exported?

Prepare management plans compatible with international rules, standards & guidelines

Are sources of POPs wastes

known?Identify sources of wastes & seek to minimize or eliminate, then …No

Develop strategy, allowing waste separation & appropriate management compatible with Article 6.1.a,d, then…

Are POPs wastesseparated?

No

Yes

Wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated

with POPs

Export of POPs waste for environmentally sound disposal ?

Yes

Prohibit unacceptable tradeNo

Paragraph 2 of Article 6

• Stockholm COPs to cooperate closely with Basel COP to:– Establish levels of destruction and

irreversible transformation to ensure that POPs characteristics are not exhibited

– Determine what methods constitute environmentally sound disposal

– Define “low POPs content” for purposes of environmentally sound disposal

Waste guidelines

– Developed through Basel OEWG subgroup– Adopted by Basel Convention COP October 2004

Stockholm Convention Secretariat is requested:

• to prepare a report on such guidelines relating to POPs as may be adopted by the CoP to the Basel Convention,

• analyse the implications of those guidelines for the Stockholm Convention

• indicate elements that might be considered suitable for adoption under paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Stockholm Convention.

PCBs – Annex A Part II

• Cease production of new PCBs immediately– New PCB = waste

• Eliminate use of in-place PCB equipment by 2025

• Achieve environmentally sound disposal of PCB wastes as soon as possible and not later than 2028

PCB objectives

• Ensuring that PCBs in use remain in responsible hands

• Orderly removal from use – an integral part of business planning &

capital investment– Government an important owner of PCBs

• Environmentally sound destruction• Prevention of further contamination

Decision tree: PCBsPCBs

Party possess ……

..obsolete equipment contaminated with PCBs?

..equipment contaminated

with PCBs

..PCB liquids andliquids contaminated

with PCBs

..other materialscontaminated

with PCBs

Go to decision tree 11 (equipment and

obsolete equipment contaminated with

PCBs)

1. Manage these materials in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 62. In lieu of note (ii) in Part I of Annex A, endeavour to identify other articles containing more than 0.005 % PCBs (e.g. cable-sheaths, cured caulk and painted objects)3. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the CoP

Go to decision tree 5 (Stocks of POPs)

1. Classify as waste2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of liquids contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 20283. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the CoP

Go to decision tree

8 (wastes)

1. Define as waste2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of equipment contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 20283. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the Parties

PCB Equipment and offline or decommissioned equipment contaminated with PCBs

Go to decision tree 8 (wastes)

Party possesses equipment contaminated

with PCBs

Does the Party use equipment

contaminated with

PCBs?

Yes

No

Is the PCB-contaminated

equipment de-commissioned?

is the equipment maintained for reuse?

No

No

Go to decision tree 12 (use of PCB equipment)

Party possessdecommissioned or offline equipment contaminated

with PCBs

Except for maintenance and servicing operations, not allow recovery for the purpose

of reuse in other equipment of liquids with PCBs content above 0.005 %

Note: Any PCB-containing equipment imported after becoming Party to the Convention has to be defined as waste

Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs

Does equipment in use

contain greater than 10 % PCBs and volumes greater

than 5 litres?

No

Use of equipment contaminated

with PCBs

Go to decision tree 13

Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025,

then….

Does equipment in use

contain greater than 0.05 % PCBs and volumes greater

than 5 litres?

Does equipment in use

contain greater than 0.005 % PCBs and volumes greater

than 0.05 litres?

No

Yes

Does the analysis of equipment in

use show a PCB content less than 0.005 %

?

Regarded as PCB-free under the SC

Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025,

then…Yes

Endeavour to identify and remove from use by 2025, then…

Yes

No

Yes

No

Reanalyze and reclassify PCB-

containing equipment From decision tree 13

From decision tree 13

1st priority

2nd priority

3rd priority

Priorities related to volume and concentration of PCBs

Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs

From decision tree 12

Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the

Parties

Is the equipment intact and non-leaking?

No

Take measure to improve condition of the equipment or decommission

Yes

Is the equipment used in areas where the risk

from environmental release can be minimised and quickly

remedied ?

No

Yes

Isthe equipment

used in areas associated with the production or processing

of food and feed ?

Take measure to remove from use

Yes

Isthe equipment used

in populated areas, including schools and

hospitals?

No

Yes

Take all reasonable measures to protect from electrical failure which could result in a fire, and regular inspection of equipment for leaks

No

Go back to decisiontree 12 to nextlower priority

and

Take measure to reduce risk of environmental release and assure that releases can be quickly remedied

Priorities related to risk posed by equipment

Extraction, pre-treatment technologies

thermal desorption

draining/solvent washing

Dismantling, shredding‘opening’ + solvent wash

other

Transfer (drums/bulk)

unserviceable equipment

Decontaminated metals for recycling

Soils, sediments, rubble etc.

Decontaminated soil, rubble

PCB oils

contaminatedwood, paper,

clothing, cables etc

Release monitoring

POPs? YES YES

No

Air, liquid & solid waste treatment technologies

Release to air, water, landfill

Destruction technologies

Incineration/ co-incineration

Other oxidising process

Chemical reduction process

Other

Release to hazardous waste site

PCB equipment

maintenanceUnserviceable?

Maintenance, refilling etc

Release monitoring

If ‘extraction’ and destruction on same site, transfer may be

direct, otherwise drummed & shipped according to Basel

requirements

Servicing wastes

contaminated mineral oils+ solvents

Thank You

David PiperTask Manager (POPs enabling activities)UNEP DGEFdpiper@chemicals.unep.ch

Waste minimisation,IPPC, BAT

Production

Hazardous

Separated Waste

Re-use & recycling

Treatment

Special landfill

Incineration

Governments +

Inert Storage

Landfill

Municipalities & contractors

Industry

Industrial waste systems

Waste Sorting

Source separation

Mixed collection

Delivery

Home composting

Separate collection

Composting

Re-use & recycling

TreatmentLandfill

Incineration

Compaction, transfer

Returns to industry

Municipalities & contractorsGovernments +

Individuals

Municipal solid waste systems