polymerveredelung durch nanotechnologie pdf · 10 100 1000 104 105 106 107 0.1 1 10 100 1000 price...

Polymerveredelung durchNanotechnologie:Hoch transparente Werkstoffe für die Laserbeschriftung

DECHEMA, Frankfurt, March 9th 2005Dr. Ralf Richter

Project House Functional Polymers @ Interfaces and Surfaces

The Promise of Nanomaterials & Composites

Multifunctionality

transparent and UV/IR Absorption

transparent and conductive

enhanced mechanical properties

transparent and self cleaning

flexible and hard

flexible and temperature resistance

Some general thoughts about theselection of nanomaterials, matricesand geometry

flexible, transparent, thermo-shapeable &scratch resistant

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Price (Euro/Kg)

Global nanopowders- Volume vs. Price

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bal P

rodu

ctio

n Vo

lum

e (t/

a)

C.B. fillerC.B. cond.

SiO2 std.SiO2 treated

Price: The Most Important Property of Nanomaterials

Custom tailorednanomaterials

isolated & surface modified

nanomaterials

Traditional nano-

structuredmaterials

Where do nanomaterials create value added ?

More complexity is generated by choice of nanosized fillers

Custom tailored materials will create valueadded in: • 2-dimensional geometry, e.g. coatings,

films...• Performance Polymers at very low

concentrations• High value matrices, e.g. Specialty

Polymers & High Performance Plastics...

Traditional nano structured materials create valueadded in standard application, but tailoring is evenmore demanded

Roadmap for nanomaterials by designfrom fundamentals to function

Develop a fundamental understanding ofstructure-property and processing relationships atthe nanoscaleDevelop models, theories, and experimentalvalidation of physics and chemistry at thenanoscale, including kinetic and thermodynamicprinciples guiding synthesis and assembly

Source: Chemical Industry Vision2020 Technology Partnership, Nanomaterials Roadmap

First to do:

Develop unit operations and robust scale-up andscale-down methodologies for manufacturingDevelop dispersion and surface modificationprocesses that retain functionality

Priority: TopTime frame:

5 years

Priority: TopTime frame: 10-20 years

33 Major Tasks, including 115 Subtopics to be solved in 5-20 years

PH-Polymers

Requirements for Functional Nanocomposites

Nano-Particles& Technology

provide newfunctionality

Surface / InterfaceKnow-How

enable homogenousdistribution

Polymer Science& Processing

Academia & leading edge R&D institutes

•integrated projects •evaluation of technology •prove of concept

Integration of: • Future Customers• Raw material suppliers• Equipment manufacturers• & SME

Early involvement ofconsulting expertise

&Demonstrator Capability

Develop dispersion &surface modificationprocesses that retainfunctionality*

Short loopTails

electrostatically sterically

Different Stabilization Methods for Nanoparticles

Trains

Long loop

Source: Chemical Industry Vision2020 Technology Partnership, Nanomaterials Roadmap

electrosterically

• In order to form real nanocomposites fast stabilization of theinterface is critical, re-agglomeration is critical during processing

• There is no universal processing equipment for Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites Processing and Interface Stabilizationhow to avoid (re)-agglomeration

Fast stabilization of new formed surfaceNo stabilization or to slow stabilization of the interface

Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites

Keytops out of laser markable VESTODUR resin

Laser marked styrenics

Polymers containing laser sensitive additives or styrene as acomonomer are easily laser markable but neither transparent norweatherable


Laser Marking even for transparent substrates

Transparent Nanocompositeshave been developed forPolyamides and PMMA

So far no simple solution for transparent laser marking is available in themarket; the original polymer properties are not altered by the technology


Key features Laser Marking• Non-contact• No consumables• Environmentally friendly - no

solvents• Reliable - low maintenance• No drying time• Each item can have unique mark• Biocompatible• Abrasion resistant marks

Nanoscaled absorberscan be used

in transparent polymerslike PMMA orTrogamid (Polyamide)

to create Added Value

for Laser-Marking andLaser-Welding

foaming -> white

Focussed Laser

Discontinuity inrefractive index orcarbonization makesreading visible

absorption bynanofiller

carbonization -> black

The basis for Laser-Marking and Laser-Welding is the custom tailored absorption spectrum of the Nanocomposite


Mechanism of Laser-Marking:

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wavelength/nm

Tran

smis

sion

/%

Nd:YAG-LaserVisible light

The LASER should have an emission wavelength in the NIR region andhigh difference in absorbance is required for optimal welding results

Transmission SpectraTrogamid CX7323

Compound (PA)

Incr

easi

ng c

once

ntra

tion

of a

bsor

ber



Polyamide based Nanocomposite vs neat material

Comparison of different polymers (composite & neat polymer)PMMA based Nanocomposite

vs neat material

Contrast measurements of PMMA-NanocompositesContrast of pure PMMA is not sufficient


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Competitive Pigment(C-Reference)

Nanoscaled NIR-Absorber (1/10Concentration)

Nanoscaled NIR-Absorber (1/2Concentration)

Nanoscaled NIR-Absorber (sameConcentration)

Nanoscaled NIR-Absorber (10*Concentration)

Reference: Nanofillerno NIR-Absorber

(sameConcentration)

different NIR-Absober (sameConcentration)

Cont

rast

t

guter Kontrast

schlechter Kontrast

Good readability

Bad readability

Increasing concentration of absorber

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petit

ive

Pigm

ent

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eren

ce

Nan

ofille

r

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eren

t N

IR-A

bsor

ber

By adjusting the interface chemistry the contrast can be further increased

Contrast depends on laser settings, writing speed, laser cycles & frequency

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es

thre

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Con

trast

aga

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BaS

O4 s

tand

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Contrast measurements of PA-Nanocomposites

Trogamid-Nanocomposite

15 A 17 A

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lase

rcy

cles

thre

e la

ser c

ycle

s

Key-issues:• Haze from scattering• homogeneous energy uptake

Isolated primary particles Aggregates

Highly Transparent Laser Markable NanocompositesDispersion quality is the key to real transparency

Highly Transparent Laser Markable NanocompositesDispersion quality is the key to real transparency

Homogeneous energy uptake is essential

Inhomogeneous absorber distribution leads to local overheating

Labelling of pharmaceutical products• Replacement of glass by polymers

• RSS standard for barcoding (Reduced Space Symbology)

• Universal Product Identifier for pharmaceutical products– National Drug Code (NDC) directory administered by

FDA– Must be clearly displayed on all pharmaceutical

products

• Anti-counterfeiting– FDA Anti-counterfeiting Task Force combating

counterfeit drugs

Possible Opportunities for Laser Marking

Labelling of sample tubes in diagnosticslaboratories

• Small samples, clear sample tubes

• Paper labels can become unreadable and can fall offafter storage at low temperature

• Need to track and trace samples through process

• Ideally machine readable markings/labels

Labelling of single use medical disposables• Batch number could be added to all infusion sets

urinary catheters,…

• Provides traceability within the supply chain

Possible Opportunities for Laser Marking

Thank you for your attention

The Project House Functional Polymers @ Interfaces and Surfaces

Thank You for

Your Attention

Engineering the Interface @ the Nanoscale is essential for real Nanocomposites

polymerveredelung durch nanotechnologie pdf · 10 100 1000 104 105 106 107 0.1 1 10 100 1000 price...

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