political parties how have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? what are...

Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

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Political Parties

How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years?

What are Political Parties?

What is the primary goal of political parties?

How do our parties compare with those in other democracies?

Level of Centralization In the U.S., parties are more decentralized

Role of Primary Elections in Selecting Candidates

Role of Ideology Broad-based 2 Party System versus multi-

party system

Influence in the lives of citizens

Page 3: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

History of Political Parties

I. 1st party system, 1800 – 1828

Federalists vs *Anti-Federalists (Democratic-Republicans)

II. 2nd party system, 1828-1860

Whigs vs *Democrats

Page 4: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

History of Political Parties

III. 3rd system, 1860-1896

*Republicans vs Democrats

Democratic Split into Northern and Southern wings

Rise of City “Bosses” and Urban Political Machines

Page 5: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

History of Political Parties

IV. 1896-1932 Rise of Progressive Party

Progressive Party Aligns with Republicans

V. 1932 – 1968 Democrats versus Republicans, with Democrats

dominating

Role of the Great Depression

Page 6: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

Party Realignments

A major shift from one party to another

Generally tend to happen around a single issue or a set of issue that divides the electorate

Tend to occur during times of major social or economic upheaval

Page 7: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

Party Realignments

Characteristics of a realignment: one party must become the “dominant” party in

the political system;

To be dominant means to control the Presidency, Congress and many of the state legislatures.

Examples of a Realignment

Page 8: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

Party Realignments

What has happened since 1968?

Split-Level Realignment? Republican President Democratic Congress

De-alignment? Declining support for all parties

Page 9: Political Parties How have political parties have changed over the last 100 years? What are Political Parties? What is the primary goal of political parties?

Why do we have a 2 Party System?

I. The use of single-member districts and the absence of proportional representation

II. Federal and State election laws

III. Parties try to accommodate “factions” before they split off.

Political Parties

Strong Parties versus Weak Parties

Characteristics of a Weak Party System

Candidate-Centered Campaigns

Split-Ticket Voting

Rise of the Independent Voter

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