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POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
№1 (2018)
ISSN 3353-2389
Polish journal of science:
has been founded by a council of scientists, with the aim of helping the knowledge and
scientific achievements to contribute to the world.
articles published in the journal are placed additionally within the journal in interna-
tional indexes and libraries.
is a free access to the electronic archive of the journal, as well as to published articles.
before publication, the articles pass through a rigorous selection and peer review, in or-
der to preserve the scientific foundation of information.
Editor in chief –J an Kamiński, Kozminski University
Secretary – Mateusz Kowalczyk
Agata Żurawska – University of Warsaw, Poland
Jakub Walisiewicz – University of Lodz, Poland
Paula Bronisz – University of Wrocław, Poland
Barbara Lewczuk – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej Janowiak – AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Frankie Imbriano – University of Milan, Italy
Taylor Jonson – Indiana University Bloomington, USA
Remi Tognetti – Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
Bjørn Evertsen – Harstad University College, Norway
Nathalie Westerlund – Umea University, Sweden
Thea Huszti – Aalborg University, Denmark
Aubergine Cloez – Universite de Montpellier, France
Eva Maria Bates – University of Navarra, Spain
Enda Baciu – Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Also in the work of the editorial board are involved independent experts
1000 copies
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Wojciecha Górskiego 9, Warszawa, Poland, 00-033
email: [email protected]
site: http://www.poljs.com
CONTENT
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
Liventsova K., Breslavets A.,Syniachenko O. HAEMODYNAMICS IN RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS ..................................................... 3
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
Uprugina P. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF
PARTICIPATORY STYLE OF
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT TRAINING
ACTIVITIES OF UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS ..................................................... 7
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Lomova E. MYTHOLOGICAL TEXT AS AN ARTISTIC
WAY PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION
OF REALITY ................................................... 11
TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Rzayeva L., Uskenbayeva G., Mussina A. DISMANTLING THE METHOD OF
SYNTHESIS OF THE ADAPTIVE CONTROL
SYSTEM OF A SINGLE-STAGE
MANIPULATOR ............................................. 14
Derevenko V., Mirzoev G.,
Kokulov P., Ziyavodinov S. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF WATERMELON AND
MELON SEEDS, IMPORTANT IN
PROCESSES OF THEIR PROCESSING ........ 20
Nurzhanov M., Bulashov D.,
Tulepbergenova D. IMPROVING NEFTEAPPARATURY ON THE
INSTALLATION OF OIL STABILIZATION IN
THE FIELD OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN
SEA .................................................................. 24
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 3
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
HAEMODYNAMICS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Liventsova K.
PhD, Donetsk National Medical University,
Lyman, Ukraine
Breslavets A.
PhD, Centre of Clinical and Preventive Medicine,
Kyiv, Ukraine
Syniachenko O.
DM, Professor, Donetsk National Medical University,
Lyman, Ukraine
ГЕМОДИНАМИКА ПРИ РЕВМАТОИДНОМ АРТРИТЕ
Ливенцова Е.В.
кандидат медицинских наук,
Донецкий национальный медицинский университет,
Лиман, Украина
Бреславец А.В.
кандидат медицинских наук,
Центр клинической и профилактической медицины,
Киев, Украина
Синяченко О.В.
доктор медицинских наук, профессор,
Донецкий национальный медицинский университет,
Лиман, Украина
Abstract
Оbjective – to ascertain the nature of the haemodynamics on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study
included 132 patients. Haemodynamic the pulmonary circulation at RA is accompanied by significant
abnormalities of respiratory lung function, pneumopathy has dispersion and correlation relation with
the severity of cardiomyopathy. Indicators of pulmonary pressure, ratio pulmonary arterial resistance
and peripheral vascular resistance and end-diastolic dimension of the right ventricle of the heart de-
pends on the duration of the disease and the degree of activity of pathological process. Тhe nature of
the functional state of the lungs and the hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation are associated with
patient age and duration of the disease.
Аннотация
Цель работы – установить характер гемодинамики при ревматоидном артрите (РА). Об-
следованы 132 больных. Гемодинамика в малом круге кровообращения при РА сопровождается
значительными нарушениями респираторных функции легких, имея дисперсионные и корреляци-
онные соотношения с выраженностью кардиопатии. Показатели давления в легочной артерии,
соотношения легочного и периферического сосудистого сопротивления и конечнодиастоличе-
ского размера правого желудочка сердца зависят от длительности заболевания и степени ак-
тивности патологического процесса. Характер функционального состояния легких и гемодина-
мики в малом круге кровообращения связаны с возрастом пациентов и длительностью заболе-
вания.
Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, haemodynamics.
Ключевые слова: ревматоидный артрит, гемодинамика.
Актуальность. Ревматоидный артрит
(РА) относится к наиболее частым воспали-
тельным болезням суставов, а его распростра-
ненность среди населения достигает 3% [1, c.
651], причем численность таких пациентов по-
стоянно увеличивается [2, c. 352; 3, c. 186], что
наносит огромный медико-социальный и эко-
номический ущерб не только больным людям,
а и государствам в целом [4, c. 615]. РА в
настоящее время рассматривается как заболе-
вание, ассоциируемое с повышенным риском
развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений,
которые усугубляют и так низкое качество
4 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
жизни больных [5, c. 1325; 6, c. 335]. Повыше-
ние летальности предопределено сочетанием
системного воспалительного процесса с тради-
ционными факторами риска кардиоваскуляр-
ных осложнений. Сказанно предопределяет
высокую смертность больных уже в молодом
возрасте [7, c. 155; 8, c. 88; 9, c. 9058]. При этом
остаются малоизученными у больных РА во-
просы нарушений гемодинамики, неизвестны
взаимоотношения с другими системными при-
знаками заболевания, требуют дальнейшего
изучения проблемы патогенеза.
Цель работы – установить характер нару-
шений гемодинамики при РА и патогенетиче-
ские ее механизмы, связь с отдельными клини-
ческими признаками заболевания.
Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением
находились 132 больных РА в возрасте от 19
до 79 лет (в среднем 45±1,0 лет) среди которых
было 18% мужчин и 82% женщин. Длитель-
ность заболевания составила 10±0,7 лет. I рент-
генологическая стадия артрита установлена в
8% случаев заболевания, II – в 38%, III – в 35%,
IV – в 19%. Серопозитивность по ревматоид-
ному фактору отмечена у 77% от числа обсле-
дованных пациентов, а по наличию антител к
цитруллиновому циклическому пептиду – у ¾.
Внесуставная (системная) форма болезни
имела место в 43% наблюдений, системный
остеопороз – в 67%, причем. Дигитальный ар-
териит диагностирован у 6% от числа пациен-
тов, офтальмопатии (увеит, склерит, кератит) –
у 5%, миозит или миалгии – у 14%, лимфаде-
нопатия – у 3%, поражение сердца (миокарда,
эндокарда и клапанов) – у 37%, серозиты
(плеврит, перикардит) – у 5%, пневмонит (ин-
терстициальный, фиброзирующий альвеолит,
ревматоидные узлы) – у 9%, поражение почек
(гломерулонефрит, интерстициальный
нефрит, амилоидоз) – у 15%, печени (крипто-
генный гепатит) – у 8%, синдром Шегрена – у
4%, гипотиреоз – у 8%, энцефалопатия (дисци-
ркуляторная, астеновегетативный и кортико-
нуклеарный синдромы) – у 7%.
Пациентам выполняли рентгеновское (ап-
парат «Multix-Compact-Siеmens», Германия) и
ультразвуковое (сонографы «Envisor-Philips»,
Нидерланды и «ATL3500-Suemens», Герма-
ния) исследование периферических, крест-
цово-подвздошных и позвонковых суставов,
минеральную плотность кости оценивали с по-
мощью двухэнергетической рентгеновской
остеоденситометрии проксимального отдела
бедренной кости (денситометр «QDR-4500-
Delphi-Hologic», США). Эхокардиографию
выполняли на аппаратах «Еnvisor C-Philips»
(Нидерланды) и «HD-11-XE-Philips» (Нидер-
ланды), спирографию – на «Master-Scope-
Jaeger» (Германия), исследование альвеоля-
рно-капиллярной мембраны – на «Master-
Screen-Body-Jaeger» (Германия). Изучали па-
раметры систолического давления в легочной
артерии (ДЛА) и его соотношение с перифери-
ческим артериальным давлением крови (АД),
уровень легочного сосудистого сопротивления
(ЛСС) и его соотношение с периферическим
сосудистым сопротивлением (ПСС), размеры
правого желудочка сердца (ПЖ) и левого пред-
сердия (ЛП), конечнодиастолический размер
ПЖ (КДРпж) и конечнодиастолический объем
левого желудочка (КДОлж), а также фракцию
выброса крови левым желудочком (ФВ).
Электрокардиографическое исследование
выполнено на аппаратах «МІДАК-ЕК1Т» (Ук-
раина) и «Bioset-8000» (Германия). Для оценки
лабораторных показателей использовали бмо-
химический анализатор «Olympus-AU640»
(Япония) и ридер иммуноферментного анализа
«PR2100-Sanofi diagnostic pasteur» (Франция).
Статистическая обработка полученных ре-
зультатов исследований проведена с помощью
компьютерного вариационного, непараметри-
ческого, корреляционного, регрессионного,
одно- (ANOVA) и многофакторного
(ANOVA/MANOVA) дисперсионного анализа
(программы «Microsoft Excel» и «Statistica-
Stat-Soft», США).
Результаты исследования. По данным од-
нофакторного дисперсионного анализа Бра-
уна-Форсайта, на характер легочной гемодина-
мики при РА оказывает влияние увеличение
полостей и толщины стенок правого и левого
желудочков сердца, интегральная тяжесть по-
ражения центральной и периферической нерв-
ной системы, а у больных с гипертензией в ма-
лом круге кровообращения (>30 ммHg) оказа-
лись на 19% меньше параметры диффузионной
способности легких. Как свидетельствует
ANOVA, формирование артериальной гипер-
тензии зависит от выраженности перифериче-
ской нейропатии, показателей в крови анти-
цитруллиновых антител. При РА параметры ДЛА составили
18,4±0,37 ммHg, ДЛА/АД – 13,6±0,26%, ЛСС –
216,5±2,59 динссм—5, ЛСС/ПСС – 8,8±0,23%, ПЖ – 1,9±0,02 см, ЛП – 4,0±0,19 см, КДРпж – 2,4±0,02 см, КДОлж – 122,7±8,70 мл, ФВ – 57,1±3,35%. Различия перечисленных по-казателей у больных РА зависели от наличия пневмопатии, что нашло свое отражение на рис. 1 (аналогичные значениями у здоровых людей контрольной группы приняты за 100%). Поражение легких сопровождается значитель-ным увеличением параметров ДЛА и ДЛА/АД.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 5
ДЛА
ДЛА/АД
ЛСС
ЛСС/ПСС
ПЖЛП
КДРпж
КДОлж
ФВ
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Возраст больных
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
ДЛ
А/А
Д, %
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
ЛС
С/П
СС
, %
Рис. 1. Показатели гемодинамики у больных
РА. Белая кривая – без пневмопатии, черная
кривая – с пневмопатией
Рис. 2. Зависимость от возраста больных
РА показателей ДЛА/АД (белые фигуры) и
ЛСС/ПСС (черные фигуры)
ANOVA показывает влияние возраста
больных на значения ЛСС/ПСС, длительности
заболевания – на ДЛА, степени активности РА
– на КДРпж. По результатам корреляционного
анализа Пирсона согласно возрастанию про-
должительности болезни снижаются показа-
тели ЛСС/ПСС (рис. 2), но достоверно возрас-
тает КДРпж. Интегральная тяжесть признаков
РА прямо влияет на уровни ДЛА и ЛСС/ПСС,
что демонстрируют дисперсионный и корреля-
ционный анализ.
По данным многофакторного анализа
Уилкоксона-Рао, гемодинамика в малом круге
кровообращения тесно связана с поражением
нервной системы и сердца (с диастолической
дисфункцией левого желудочка, нарушениями
возбудимости миокарда и электрической про-
водимости сердца). В свою очередь, инте-
гральная степень выраженности пневмопатии
оказывает существенное влияние на общие со-
ставляющие кардиопатии и, в частности, на
нарушения проводимости миокарда (атрио-
вентрикулярную блокаду І степени, блокады
левой и правой ножек пучка Гиса, укорочение
интервала PQ). Такие сведения подтвержда-
ются значениями критериев дисперсии при
выполнении ANOVA/MANOVA и ANOVA.
Выводы. Нарушения гемодинамики в ма-
лом круге кровообращения при РА сопровож-
даются значительными изменениями респира-
торных функций легких, имея дисперсионные
и корреляционные соотношения с выраженно-
стью кардиопатии, в частности, с нарушени-
ями ритма сердца и с диастолической дисфунк-
цией левого желудочка. Показатели ДЛА,
ЛСС/ПСС и КДРпж зависят от длительности
заболевания и степени активности патологиче-
ского процесса. Представленные данные ис-
следования позволят повысить качество ран-
ней диагностики гемодинамических рас-
стройств у больных РА и уровень прогнозиро-
вания течения патологического процесса,
определить новые звенья патогенеза заболева-
ния.
Список источников:
1. Kita Y. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nihon
Rinsho 2015;73(7):649-54.
2. Iltchev P, Śliwczyński A, Czeleko T,
Sierocka A, Tłustochowicz M, Tłustochowicz W
et al. Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
in rural and urban areas of Poland – 2008-2012.
Ann Agric Environ Med 2016;23(2):350-6.
3. Van Onna M, Boonen A. (2016) The chal-
lenging interplay between rheumatoid arthritis,
ageing and comorbidities. BMC Musculoskelet
Disord 2016;17(1):184-94.
4. Firth J, Snowden N, Ledingham J, Rivett
A, Galloway J, Dennison EM et al. The first na-
tional clinical audit for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J
Nurs 2016;25(11):613-7.
5. Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, Nolte S, Acker-
man I, Fransen M et al. The global burden of hip
and knee osteoarthritis: estimates from the global
burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis
2014;73(7):1323-30.
6. Kröz M, Broder von Laue H, Zerm R,
Brauer D, Reif M, Girke M et al. Reduction of en-
dogenous regulation in internal medicine patients.
Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd
2015;12(6):333-41.
7. Lo GH, Driban JB, Kriska AM, McAlin-
don TE, Souza RB, Petersen NJ et al. History of
running is not associated with higher risk of symp-
tomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care
Res 2016;22(6):152-8.
6 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
8. Zegkos T, Kitas G, Dimitroulas T. Cardi-
ovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment,
management and next steps. Ther Adv Musculo-
skelet Dis 2016;8(3):86-101.
9. Zhang Y, Lu N, Peloquin C, Dubreuil M,
Neogi T, Aviña-Zubieta JA et al. Improved sur-
vival in rheumatoid arthritis: a general population-
based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis
2016;23(6):209058.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 7
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF PARTICIPATORY STYLE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT TRAINING ACTIVITIES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Uprugina P.
The experience of organisation of field practice in the Institute of Pedagogy and Childhood Psy-
chology of the Ural State Pedagogical University is presented.
ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДИКА РАЗВИТИЯ ПАРТИСИПАТИВНОГО СТИЛЯ
УПРАВЛЕНИЯ УЧЕБНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗ'ОВ
Упругина П.Д.
Магистр Южно-Уральского государственного
гуманитарно-педагогического университета.
Abstract
Currently the emerging labour market demands new quality requirements and level of training
highly educated, competent, with a high level of creative activity of specialists able to apply their
knowledge and skills in various fields of activity. In this regard, updated the role of school, the major
task of which is to enable each student to realize their experience, ability, creativityThe need for spe-
cialists, capable to properly manage and guide future teachers is increasing. Also, it is very important
to involve students in the process of the development of education. Thus, formed the relevance of par-
ticipatory management style mastery.
Аннотация
В настоящее время формирующийся рынок труда диктует новые требования к качеству и
уровню профессиональной подготовки высокообразованных, компетентных, с высоким уровнем
творческой активности специалистов, способных найти применение своим знаниям и умениям
в различных сферах деятельности. В этой связи актуализируется роль образовательной школы,
важнейшей задачей которой является предоставление каждому учащемуся реализовать свой
опыт, возможности, творческий потенциал.
Потребность в специалистах, способных правильно управлять и направлять будущих педа-
гогов возрастает. Также, очень важно включать студентов в процесс развития образования.
Таким образом, формируется актуальность овладения партисипативным стилем управления.
Keywords: participatory style, management, education.
Ключевые слова: партисипативный стиль, управление, образование.
Партисипативный стиль управления учеб-
ной деятельностью студентов — структура
управления, основанная на активном включе-
нии студентов в процесс управления образова-
нием.
Таким образом, участие в управлении
можно рассматривать как : способ мотивации,
инструмент повышения успеваемости, конку-
рентное преимущество.
Партисипативный стиль управления был
впервые заимствован из менеджмента и введен
в сферу образования Е.Ю.Никитиной в теории
и методике профессионального образования в
2000 году. В дальнейшем партисипативный
стиль был развит научной лабораторией
Е.Ю.Никитиной в контексте актуальных про-
блем педагогики высшей школы : Касьяновой
И.В., Кравченко И.А., Грош Е.В., Перовой
О.Н., Плохотнюк Е.Б., Смирновой М.В., Афа-
насьевой О.Ю., Зыряновой Е.А., Перфильевой
Л.П., Чурашовым А.Г., Юнусовой Е.Б. и др.
Теоретико-методической основой разви-
тия партисипативного стиля управления уче-
нием школьников является интеграция меж-
дисциплинарного, партисипативного и консал-
тингового подходов.
Проблеме междисциплинарности уделяли
внимание еще классики педагогики. Так,
Я.А.Коменский полагал, что в процессе изуче-
ния "все - и самое большое, и самое малое, так
должно быть прилажено между собой и соеди-
нено, чтобы образовать неразрывное целое...".
Междисциплинарность в нашем понима-
нии есть требование следовать общенаучной
методологии, которая не выражается в полном
объеме, но образует основу педагогического
процесса. Междисциплинарный подход имеет
8 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
для нашей проблемы существенные возможно-
сти, ибо на сегодняшний день в высших учеб-
ных заведениях не существует полного инте-
гративного курса "Партисипативный стиль
управления учением школьников". Все его от-
дельные аспекты рассматриваются обособлено
в таких дисциплинах, как "Философия", "Язы-
кознание", "Русский язык", "Русский язык и
культура речи", "Психология", "Педагогика",
"Иностранный язык" и др.
Каждая из этих дисциплин вносит свой
элемент в процесс осуществления партисипа-
тивного стиля управления учением студентов
вузов, порождая тем самым противоречие
между "осколочными" знаниями, получае-
мыми студентами при изучении разных дисци-
плин и необходимостью синтезировать и инте-
грировать знания в данной области.
В настоящее время значительное количе-
ство исследователей и практических работни-
ков (Маврина Н.В., Никитина Е.Ю., Танаева
З.Р. и др.), рассматривающих применение меж-
дисциплинарности в образовании, определяют
и описывают различные темы, учебные поня-
тия, являющиеся объектом связей чаще всего
между двумя учебными дисциплинами. Без-
условно, это факт является попыткой поиска
точек соприкосновения между отдельными
предметами, однако сегодня задача видится в
том, чтобы устанавливать связи между отдель-
ными элементами содержания образования
различных учебных дисциплин, зачастую да-
леких друг от друга, с целью повышения эф-
фективности образовательного процесса. Ос-
новным препятствием этого служит хотя бы
то, что одни и те же категории даже в близких
друг другу науках трактуются неоднозначно, а
в очередной междисциплинарной концепции
приобретают еще одну новую семантику.
Становление форм совместной творческой
деятельности педагога и обучаемого связано с
трансформацией исторически ее предшеству-
ющих форм организации совместной деятель-
ности : совместно-последовательной, сов-
местно-взаимодействующей, совместно-инди-
видуальной. Именно в такой
последовательности, как показывает опыт ме-
неджмента различных организаций в развитых
странах, происходит развитие основополагаю-
щих форм совместной творческой деятельно-
сти.
Социальное и культурное творчество бу-
дущих специалистов, их непосредственное
участие в самоорганизации и самоуправлении
совместной деятельностью, взаимный кон-
троль, взаимопомощь, проясненность общих
ценностей и целей, определяющих поведение
каждого студента, коллективная ответствен-
ность за результаты и высокая эффективность
их учеюно-познавательной деятельности, все-
мерное развитие и использование индивиду-
ального и группового потенциала - таковы сла-
гаемые нового партисипативного подхода.
Известно, что структура организации
представляет собой совокупность составляю-
щих организацию элементов и связей между
ними. Основной элемент любой организации –
человек. Наиболее ярким примером организа-
ции, где главную роль играет человек, служит
партисипативная организация.
Партисипативные структуры относятся к
структурам нового вида. Но, на наш взгляд, до-
вольно сложно рассматривать их только как
структуры. В данном случае, мы скорее имеем
дело с типами организации, где и структура, и
стиль управления и механизмы управления по-
строены по определенным принципам, по-
этому более корректно говорить не партисипа-
тивных структурах, а о партисипативных орга-
низациях и партисипативном управлении.
Круг проблем, решаемых консалтингом,
весьма широк. Каждый профессионал, работа-
ющий в этой области, вкладывает в понятие
«консалтинг» собственный смысл, придавая
тем самым ему ин- дивидуальный оттенок.
Большой экономический словарь определяет
консалтинг как «деятельность специальных
компаний по консультированию производите-
лей, продавцов, покупателей в области экс-
пертной, технической и экономической дея-
тельности».
Консалтинг в образовании как отдельный
вид консалтинговой помощи не был выделен.
Это связано с тем, что указанный вид консал-
тинговой помощи в педагогике и образовании
находится в стадии оформления в самостоя-
тельное направление, а потому в литературе
пока ещё не существует достаточно разрабо-
танного контекста современного образова-
тельного консалтинга. Также в настоящий мо-
мент не существует какого-либо общеприня-
того определения образовательного
консалтинга. Более того, в педагогических сло-
варях термин «консалтинг» вообще отсут-
ствует. Хотя хоте- лось бы отметить, что вве-
дение профессионального образования потре-
бовало консультаций психологов и педагогов
по вопросам профориентационного характера.
Однако широкой практики образовательный
консалтинг в образовательной инфраструктуре
не приобрёл.
Сегодня образовательные организации
развиваются и всё чаще нуждаются в профес-
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 9
сиональной поддержке консультантов различ-
ных направлений, которые осуществляют ор-
ганизационную, педагогическую, обучающую,
управленческую и другие виды поддержки.
Активация всех направлений модернизации
российского образования в логике концепции
«Российское образование – 2020» породила
востребованность консультационных услуг
как внутри образовательной сферы на всех
уровнях, так и в руководстве субъектов Рос-
сийской Федерации, в муниципальных образо-
ваниях. Интенсивные преобразования в сфере
образования создали потребность в услугах
консультантов и на социальном уровне: роди-
тели хотят понять, какую школу или дошколь-
ное учреждение выбрать для обучения детей;
какие изменения в школьной жизни несёт За-
кон «Об образовании в РФ» и т. д. Занимаются
вопросом внедрения консалтингового подхода
в образование такие ученые, как Кубра М.,
Шэйн Э., Мильнер Б.З., Шохов А.С..
Теоретическая значимость исследования
заключается в уточнении педагогических
принципов развития у будущего учителя пар-
тисипативного стиля управления учением
школьников : принципы синтеза и системного
освоения знаний, принципы синтеза и комму-
никативного партнерства и сотрудничества,
принципы планирования учебной деятельно-
сти и управления учением школьников. Рас-
смотрим данные принципы более углубленно:
1)В теоретическом научном знании прин-
цип синтеза выступает в форме взаимосвязи
теорий и концепций, являясь основой интегра-
ции в психолого-педагогическом исследова-
нии знания из разных научных дисциплин. Ча-
сто эти теории оказываются противополож-
ными в определенных аспектах; корректное
применение метода синтеза позволяет снять
противоречия в развитии партисипативного
стиля управления учением школьников.
2) Принцип системного освоения знаний
предполагает усвоение знаний о партисипа-
тивном стиле учебной деятельности учащихся
в определенной системе, структурирующей
весь изучаемый материал на основе родовидо-
вых, причинно-следственных связей, с пози-
ции выделения общего и частного, отдельных
фактов и обобщающих выводов.
3)Принцип синтеза и коммуникативного
партнерства предполагает, что надо разви-
вать партисипативный стиль управления уче-
нием в целостной системе. И чем отчетливее
понимает это педагог, тем больше самостоя-
тельности, инициативы, свободы предостав-
ляет он своим студентам. Настоящий учитель
остается в образовательном процессе как бы
«за кадром», за пределами свободно осуществ-
ляемого студентами, а на самом деле – управ-
ляемого педагогом выбора.
4) Как целостная технология, принцип со-
трудничества пока не воплощен в конкретной
модели, не имеет нормативно-исполнитель-
ного инструментария; его идеи вошли почти во
все современные педагогические технологии,
включая партисипативный стиль управления
учением школьников. В связи с этим принцип
сотрудничества следует рассматривать как
особого типа «проникающую» технологию,
являющуюся воплощением нового педагоги-
ческого мышления, источником прогрессив-
ных идей и в той или иной мере, входящей во
многие современные педагогические техноло-
гии как их составная часть.
5) Под принципом планирования учебной
деятельности подразумевается определение
рациональной последовательности и опти-
мальных сроков прохождения программного
материала (в данном случае усвоения знаний о
партисипативном стиле управления) в системе
учебных занятий. Планирование позволяет
предвидеть реальные результаты предстоящей
работы, определить наиболее рациональные
пути их достижения в соответствии с част-
ными задачами каждого из этапов осуществле-
ния образовательного процесса, наметить чет-
кую программу действий преподавателя и бу-
дущих учителей, обеспечивающую
наибольшую продуктивность их совместной
деятельности.
6) Принцип управления учением основыва-
ется на понимании студента как свободной
творческой личности, способной к непрерыв-
ному в течение всей жизни образованию на ос-
нове соучастия и организации совместной дея-
тельности с преподавателем, базирующейся на
диалогическом взаимодействии.
В итоге овладения данными принципами и
подходами мы получаем специалиста, способ-
ного направить студента, включить его в про-
цесс развития обучения, что очень актуально
для сложившегося рынка труда.
Список источников:
1. Кравченко И.А. Развитие у будущего
учителя партисипативного стиля управления
учением школьников : автореферат диссерта-
ции на соискание степени канд. пед. наук / Ека-
теринбург, 2006. - 19 с.
2. Никитина Е.Ю. Инновационные
тренды в современной образовательной дея-
тельности : коллективная монография / Под
10 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
ред. проф. Е.Ю. Никитиной. - Гуманитарный
изд.центр ВЛАДОС, 2013. - С. 27-54.
3. Никитина Е.Ю. Формирование худо-
жественно - эстетической коипетенции буду-
щих хореографов / Е.Ю Никитина, Ю.В. Стю-
арт. - М.: Издательство "Перо", 2015. - 142 с.
4. Педагогическое управление коммуни-
кативным образованием студентов вузов : пер-
спективные подходы [Текст] : монография /
Е.Ю. Никитина, О.Ю. Афанасьева - Москва:
МАНПО, 2006. - С. 31-36, 120-135.
5. Скриптунова Е.А. Партисипативные
структуры / Скриптунова Е.А., Мухаметшина
Э.Ф. // Аксиома.- 2008. №1. - 35 с.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 11
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
MYTHOLOGICAL TEXT AS AN ARTISTIC WAY PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF REALITY
Lomova E.
Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Kazakhstan,
Kazakh National Pedagogical University after Abai
Abstract
The mentioned article investigated the problem mythology as a diverse source of plot threads and
as a specific artistic system with its own laws and loses structure.
Mythological text included a special mixture of figurative –expressive means characterized by dif-
ferent ways representation the author idea. In this sense the creativity of William Faulkner and John
Hoyer Updise was analyzed by introduction of mythological motives in the realistic plot threads and
enrichment of images by universal meaning and analogies.
Myth and new mythology trend as cultural and literary problem was considered by Russian and
American Slavic Studies as multi-faceted system included the overall of organization plot deployment,
specific logic structure and the process reader perception.
Keywords: mythology, figurative –expressive means, symbolic prototype, temporal framework, ide-
ological concept, American criticism, literary heritage ,philosophical belief ,romantic poetic, cyclical
property, biblical mythology ,the system of images, artistic embodiment, archetype, ethical category,
artistic stylization, mosaic structure integrity, spatio-temporal aspect, author concept, reader percep-
tion, narrative duality.
The definition of “myth and serious studies in
the field of mythology takes place as important
cultural and literary problem for many writers and
scholars of the West Studies ’’The research works
in mythology subject carried out under a variety of
creative techniques, approaches and stylistic
trends represented the artist dialogue with a num-
ber of religious and mythological system’’[1,191].
Myth attracted writers not only as a diverse
source of plot threads, but about all, as a specific
artistic system with its own lens and logic struc-
ture.
Myth became as epitome of timeless values,
not connected with personal author creativity, be-
cause it proposed the universal way of discovering
the main problem and contradictive sites of reality.
Myth is defined as ‘’common’’, general point
of view, non-personal view of the world, which al-
lowed and derived possibilities “to create a rela-
tively strong position with regard to perception
and projection of reality and circumstance of hu-
man being life and its artistic interpretation”
[2,87].
Mythological text included a special mixture
or figurative –expressive means, diversity their
ideological structure and stylistically features. In
this case, the using mythology in the artistic “con-
text was characterized by different ways meaning
representation the author’s plot idea and didn’t ac-
cept unilateral interpretation” [3,127].
Myth was considered as psychological and
philosophical basic to reveal the specific archaic
thinking and features of spiritual mentality in re-
lated of human being in current time.
According this approach, the global prob-
lems of contradictive and complicate sites of lo-
cality in the artistic text seemed to be solved by
means of the myth.
In connection with above said belief scientist
emphasized non - historical aspect of myth and
conformed myth “as symbolic prototype of Uni-
versal evaluation and representation with its sig-
nificance and value beyond all times” [4,13].
In American literature creativity of William
Faulkner and John Hoyer Updise was considered
by myth as important means of reflection histori-
cal aspect of human being existence and included
the efforts expending its boundaries and temporal
frame work to recognize and game accurate obser-
vation of Universal eternal modal of personal and
social human being behavior
In this sense, the works of William Faulkner
‘’The Sound and Fury ‘’, ’’Go Down Moses’’ and
the novel John Hoyer Updise ‘’Centaur’’ deliv-
ered the most fully reproduces of the ideological
and philosophical concept of these authors.
By the end of the twenty century American
criticism studies has developed a special branch
professionally engaged in a detailed researching of
heritage creativity of William Faulkner.
12 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
The volume researchers with respect to
works of William Faulkner included hundreds
pages of books, unique collection of materials of
international conferences, thousands of articles
and numerous sites of the internet, in rich highly
respected scientific research centers participated.
Among the should be called the Centre for
the study of Southern Culture at the University of
Mississippi (‘’The Centre for the Study of South-
ern Culture, University Mississippi) and Centre of
for Faulkner Studies of South East Missouri State
University (‘’The Centre for Faulkner Studies in
South East Missouri State University’’).
The foreign researchers G.Blotnera,
X.Brumm, B.Brooks and others dedicated theirs
works to forceful investigation to literary heritage
of William Faulkner. The problem influence of
myth on creativity of William Faulkner was dis-
cussed by Russian scientists J.Boldonova, G.Ve-
toshbina and others.
The major achievement in the study of literary
creativity of John Hoyer Updise was presented by
solid works of A.Broyard, R.Heyman, S.Robin-
son, D.Rampton and others [5],[6].
They fully reflected the latest approaches and
methods to enlighten the significance and value of
the artistic novels to modern America literature.
Concept features and universal meaning mod-
els was largely determined by mythological their
artistic productivity in the process transmission
‘’the image circumstances and basic of human be-
ing existence, which was not be limited to certain
social and historical frame work’’ [7,17].
Throughout the XX century the mythological
poetic trends were also actively represented in the
Western European and Russian literature [8].
Appeal to myth, namely its reinterpretation
in the artist’s mind, was going in the ideological
and aesthetic directions. The ideological reinter-
pretation of the artistic myth was based on its ‘’hu-
manization process, represented as effort to create
hero with his subjective feeling, religious and phil-
osophical beliefs and individual human biography,
which explained the way of his mind his manners
and real condition of his life” [9,17].
Defined above literary trend was typical for
creativity John Hoyer Updise and took place in his
outstanding novels.
The aesthetic reinterpretation of myth in the
XXth century was connected with a new appeal to
the romantic poetic theory of Art proposed by the
German philosopher Friedrich Shelling.
He determined that any artistic work must
become ‘’new mythology’’ reflected the personal
mythology of the author.
According this approach, any artistic work
should be ‘’create a new world’’ based on the cre-
ative imagination broken and ‘’transformed the es-
tablished common boarders of reality’’ [10,87].
Both of these traditions took an important
place in the literary heritage of William Faulkner
.Considering the artistic interpretation of the myth
and the efforts inclusion of traditional plot threads
into a modern, multi-level context, the modern re-
searchers accepted the use of the category ‘’new
mythology’’ as a special construction of the artis-
tic text respect to adverted opinion with archaic,
folk, literary and cinema. From this side mythol-
ogy began to serve not only as fiction story, but
also to keep control under its dynamic structure.
In this sense, the works of the writers became
nonlinear plot, and the artistic time reflected cycli-
cal property. The author “confirmed blurring line
between personality and Universal, matter and
spirit, animate and inanimate, and finally, most
importantly, between the fiction text and she real-
ity surrounding it” [11,14].
Artist’s philosophy and aesthetic were based
on the new mythology trend as the process evalu-
ation and understanding complex reality and its in-
fluence on the conscious and subconscious of hu-
man being.
From this side the method of artistic structure
William Faulkner’s works “recalled the epic,
genre, the interpretation of the evens by different
narrators of the New and Old Testament” [12,4].
This way accepted the myth as attitude, as
‘’Universal reality forever and ever, despite the
genre openness of many fiction, to create a whole
system model of Universal and analyze its general
character traits genre openness of many fiction, to
create a whole system model of universal and to
analyze its general character-traits” [13,57].
In the novel ‘’Centaur’’ by John Hoyer Up-
dise mythology should be considered as the hard
core of his its content.
The foundation author idea of the work con-
cerned to the ancient myth of the noble contour
Chiron, donated granted him immortality in favor
of Prometheus. In accordance with this view the
myth revealed the importance of author idea of ar-
tistic conflict unfolding in the tedious human be-
ing existence.
The main theme of “Centaur” by William
Faulkner was developed by the constant contrast
of real and mythological level, which emphasized
the decline, decay and degeneration of public and
private human being life.
The Neo-mythology as aesthetic approach in
the creativity of William Faulkner was occupied
as a special effective way of poetics and evalua-
tion shades of reality. His literary heritage was
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 13
beveled “by the interpretation and transformation
of traditional consciousness and the potent efforts
to deliver his own original mythology, which kept
features and traits of traditional myth concept”
[14,47].
The novel ‘’Yoknapatanpha Country’’ by
William Faulkner represented the epic of America
combined the author penetration into the depths of
the human inner world and the attempts to solve
the fundamental problems of human existence in
the current reality.
The dominant expression means of William
Faulkner novels was based on unrivaled connec-
tion with biblical allusions (‘’Go Down, Moses’’),
gospel mythology (“Sound and the Fury”, a com-
bination of Christian mythological allusions and
Indian symbolism. (‘’Light in August’’), biblical
allusions and myths of Ancient Greece (“Absa-
lom, Absalom!”), proved the universal signifi-
cance of his literary creativity [15].
The author idea by John Hoyer Updise ‘’Cen-
taur’’ was represented by narrative duality pre-
served the complex combination of real and myth-
ological features and emphasized the immortality
of human nature with its contradiction of common
sense and definition “good” and “evil”.
Myth in the novels by John Hoyer Updise
clarified the human existence, but “didn’t absorb
it didn’t reduce its fiction space” [16,93].The cre-
ativity of writer was extended by introduction of
mythological motives in the realistic plot threads
and enrichment of images by universal meaning
and analogies’’[16,94].
From this view, borrowing the elements of
mythological structure took on the character of in-
tertextuality as an artistic technique, which in-
volved the substantive use of these elements for
developing the system of images, artistic character
defined as the creator of universal and retained the
specific private type of consciousness.
Thus, myth and new mythology trend as cul-
tural and literary problem was considered by Rus-
sian and Anglo-American Slavic Studies as multi-
faceted system included artistic convention and
embodiment, archetypal, ethical category, creative
implementation of the artistic tradition, cyclical
structure of story artistic stylization and mosaic
structure integrity, spatio-temporal aspect, the
overall retrospective organization scene deploy-
ment and process of acquiring knowledge and un-
derstanding through experience and the senses,
which resorted to the philosophical and poetic au-
thor concept of artistic text and involved the spe-
cific logic development and reader perception.
References:
1. Cultural myths: materials scientific con-
ference ‘’Typology and types of cultures: diversity
of approaches’’ - M., Nauka, 2001-302p.
2. Kirin M. ‘’Method mythology ‘’- M.,
Ryazan, 2000.-P.114-399.
3. Kyrylyuk A. Universals of culture and se-
miotics of discourse. - Odessa, 1996-141 p.
4. Sakharov E. The myth in the history of
culture – Diss. cand., Dushanbe, 1995-171p.
5. Brooks S. William Faulkner: The Yok-
napatawpha Country /S.Brooks. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1963-1969p.
6. Brumm U. Motive in Familienroman:
William Faulkners ‘’The Sound and the
Fury’’//Familienbindung als Schicksal .Gottingen,
1996-p.256-274.
7. Myth and literature. Contemporary theory
and practice./ed.by J.B. Vickery - Lincoln, 1996-
179p.
8. Rampton D. ‘’My Other Self’’- Foreign
literature, 1996.-№10.-p.258-265.
9. Transformation and functioning of cul-
tural models in Russian literature of XXth century
(archetype, mythology, motive): Materials anni-
versary. conf. dedicted 100th anniversary of
Tomsk State University - Tomsk - 2002-253p.
10. Boldonova I. The philosophical novel in
American literature of XXth century - Ulan-Ude -
1989-28p.
11. Bochkareva N. Myth and reality in the
American novel of 1950-70 years //Research on
conservatism .-Perm,1998.-P.87-89.
12. Vladimirov N. Myth in the genre structure
of the modern Western novel//Genre originality of
artistic forms in the literature of XXth century.-
Tashkent, 1992,-P.3-19
13. Pudovochkin N. Neo-mythology as a
method in the US artistic culture of the XXth cen-
tury on the material of W.Faulkner and J.A.Updise
–Diss.cand.-Saransk, 2005-160p.
14. Vetoshkina G. Faulkner and Shakespeare:
to the problem of intertextual dialogue//Scope of
language and pragmatics of speech communica-
tion.-Krasnodar, 2003-№3.-P.200-202
15. Frye N. The Great Code: The Bible and
Literature/N.Frye.-New York: Harcourt Brace Jo-
vanovitch, 1982-p.167
16. Cowley M. The Faulkner–Cowley.-
N.Y.:Viritage Press, 1966-378p.
14 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
TECHNICAL SCIENCES
DISMANTLING THE METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF THE ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM OF A SINGLE-STAGE MANIPULATOR
Rzayeva L.
Department of systems analysis and management of
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Uskenbayeva G.
Department of systems analysis and management of
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Mussina A.
Department of systems analysis and management of
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article deals with the method of using manipulators with the maximum speed for the example
of a single-stage manipulator located on a belt conveyor. The condition for the dependence of the cur-
rent parameters of the control object and the maximum possible speed of operation of the process equip-
ment is considered. As actuators for the manipulator and tape are used electric drives with DC motors
of independent excitation. The method of synthesis of adaptive systems intended for tuning the frequency
of harmonic motion of manipulation mechanisms with the purpose of increasing the speed of their work
in the process of changing the load parameters without reducing the dynamic accuracy of control is
proposed and studied. It was determined that depending on the current values of the parameters of the
control object and the amplitudes of harmonic input signals without reducing the dynamic accuracy of
control, it is possible to significantly change the frequency of these signals.
Keywords: Control object, belt conveyor, adaptive control, manipulators with maximum speed, am-
plitude-frequency characteristic, electric motor, transfer function.
Due to the view of the technical revolution of
the twenty-first century, it is very important to
make high quality products, that is why, in the in-
dustry, various automation instruments are in-
creasingly being used. One of the most significant
places of automation is occupied by robotic equip-
ment containing multi-stage industrial manipula-
tors that allow performing a wide range of techno-
logical tasks with high productivity and accuracy.
Due to the high competition, robotic manipulators
as automation tools have differences that are in the
universality, speed of transition to new operations,
the latter is most important in the face of high de-
mands on product quality and flexible production
process.
Most of the existing methods of manipulator
control do not allow to form the speed of move-
ment of their working body along given trajecto-
ries. Earlier attempts to create such control sys-
tems led to significant computational difficulties.
From the theory of automatic control, it is
known that as the amplitude and frequency of the
input signal increase, the dynamic accuracy of real
automatic control systems with a falling amplitude-
frequency characteristic decreases [1]. As a result,
without the use of special correction tools, it is often
not possible to increase the speed, and as a conse-
quence, the productivity of the technological equip-
ment does not increase without deteriorating the
quality of the operations performed. However, if
the parameters of the specified equipment, and
hence its frequency response in the process of op-
eration, then taking into account these changes, it is
possible to increase the frequency and amplitude of
the input signal without impairing the dynamic ac-
curacy of control even with the use of typical sta-
tionary correcting devices.
The task of this work is the creation of a con-
trol system that, with the help of fairly simple tech-
nical means, depending on the current parameters
of the control object, could constantly maintain the
maximum possible speed of operation of the pro-
cess equipment, without impairing the dynamic ac-
curacy of control.
The development of the method for synthesiz-
ing an adaptive control system is based on the ex-
ample of a single-stage manipulator 1 (pic. 1), per-
forming oscillatory movements of the storage ring
2 with amplitude Ap and frequency ωp over the
moving conveyor belt 3 with objects 4 with which
some technological operations are required. In this
case, the objects themselves can be located at dif-
ferent distances Δyj from the central axis X of the
conveyor belt.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 15
Pic. 1 Process flow diagram
As actuators for the manipulator 1 and tape 3,
electric actuators with DC motors of independent
excitation or with permanent magnets are used [2].
The equations of the electric and mechanical cir-
cuits of these motors are:
𝐿𝑑𝑖
𝑑𝑡+ 𝑅𝑖 + 𝐾𝜔�̇� = 𝐾𝑦𝑢, (1)
𝑀д = 𝐽Σ�̈� = 𝐾М𝑖, where R, L - respectively, the resistance and
inductance of the anchor circuit of the motor;
𝐾𝑀 , 𝐾𝜔 - respectively, the torque and anti-EMF;
𝐾𝑦 - is the gain of the power amplifier; u, i – re-
spectively, the voltage and current in the anchor
circuit of the motor; 𝑀Д - the moment developed
by the electric motor; JΣ - total moment of inertia,
reduced to the shaft of the electric motor; (a,) ̇a ̈ -
respectively, speed and acceleration of rotation of
the motor shaft.
In order to obtain the required performance
indicators, standard serial correction devices are
introduced into the direct circuit of both electric
drives, with a transfer function of the form:
𝑊𝑘𝑙(𝑠) =𝑇1𝑠+1
𝑇2𝑠+1 (2)
where 𝑇1 =1
𝜔ср, 𝑇1 > 𝑇2, 𝑙 = 1,2. Taking into
account correction (2) and differential equations
(1), the transfer function of the open circuit of each
electric drive will have the form:
𝑊(𝑠) =𝐾(𝑇1𝑠 + 1)
𝑠(𝑇2𝑠 + 1)(𝑇3𝑠2 + 𝑇4 + 1), (3)
And the AFC, constructed on the basis of the
transfer function (3), is:
𝐴(𝜔) =𝐾√1+𝑇1
2𝜔2
𝜔√(1+𝑇22𝜔2)(1+𝑇5
2𝜔2)(1+𝑇62𝜔2)
(4)
where 𝑇3 =𝐿𝐽Σ
𝐾𝑀𝐾𝜔, 𝑇4 =
𝑅𝐽Σ
𝐾𝑀𝐾𝜔, 𝑇5,6 =
𝑇4
2±
√𝑇42
4− 𝑇3, 𝑇5 > 𝑇6, 𝐾 =
𝐾𝑦
𝐾𝜔𝑖𝑝, 𝑖𝑝 − gear ratio.
During execution by the manipulator of tech-
nical operations, the value of JΣ can change contin-
uously or discretely, taking values from the range:
Jmin <JΣ <Jmax. It is assumed that the value of JΣ
varies or is discrete, or no more than 10% during the
transient process in the electric drive. In this case, a
traditional apparatus of transfer functions can be
used.
Quite often, the transfer functions of systems
have many time constants that affect the form of
their frequency response only in high-frequency
regions far from operating frequencies. As a re-
sult, these small time constants can be neglected
and fairly simple analytic descriptions of AFC [3,
304 pages] can be obtained. These descriptions
can later be used to calculate the varying operating
frequencies of the input signals of systems with
changes in their parameters n particular, for a
small value of L, the inequality 𝑇5 ≫ 𝑇6 holds. If,
in addition 𝑇5 ≫ 𝑇1 and 𝑇5 ≫ 𝑇2, then instead of
AFC (4), we can use its simplified analytical de-
scription
𝐴(𝜔) ≈𝐾
𝜔√(1+𝑇52𝜔2)
(5)
The form of the AFC constructed using
expression (5) is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2
(next to curve 1).
16 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
Pic. 2 Frequency response of the system for various values of control parameters
From pic. 2 that the changes in the simplified
frequency response constructed from expression
(5), in comparison with the amplitude-frequency
characteristic constructed from expression (4),
start to the right of the operating frequencies of
real input signals and practically do not affect the
calculation of these frequencies. Thus, in this case,
to find wp, it is entirely possible to use the expres-
sion obtained on the basis of expression (5) 𝐴𝑝
𝜀𝑑=
𝐾
𝜔√(1 + 𝑇52𝜔2)
, (6)
From (6), equation
𝑇52𝜔4 + 𝜔2 −
𝐾2𝜀𝑑2
𝐴𝑝2 = 0,
Used to find a single positive root
𝜔𝑝 =
√−1 + √1 + 4𝑇52𝐾2𝜀𝑑
2𝐴𝑝−2
𝑇5√2 (7)
From Fig. 2 that formula (7) can be used to
determine high-frequency 𝜔𝑝, but in this case the
estimate ω will be somewhat lower. Expression
(7) allows us to determine 𝜔𝑝 in real time with
continuous changes in the parameters of control
objects.
From pic. 1 it can be seen that the manipula-
tor's working part when a harmonic signal is input
to its electric drive input
𝑎∗(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑝𝑗 sin(𝜔𝑝𝑗𝑡) , 𝑗 = 1, 𝑁̅̅ ̅̅ ̅ (8)
will move with frequency 𝜔𝑝, along an arc of
a circle whose radius l coincides with the length of
the link of the manipulator, where N is the number
of objects installed on the conveyor belt. The cam-
era 5 is above this tape and allows to determine the
location of the next object on it, that is, the value
of ∆𝑦𝑗 relative to the х and 𝑥𝑗∗ along this axis.
Technological operations with all objects are per-
formed only in the extreme positions of the manip-
ulator, when it deviates from the x axis by an angle
𝐴𝑝𝑗 = arcsin (∆𝑦𝑗
𝑙), (9)
and the speed of movement of its working el-
ement relative to objects is zero.
The conveyor belt begins to move to the next
discrete value
∆𝑥𝑗 = ∆𝑥𝑗∗ + 𝑙(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑝𝑗) (10)
only after performing a technological opera-
tion with the previous object and then stopping in
anticipation of the approach of the manipulator
arm to the newly moved object located already on
the other side with respect to the x axis. The indi-
cated work cycles are repeated with all remaining
objects.
Moving the conveyor belt to a distance ∆𝑥𝑗 is
provided taking into account expression (10) by
rotating its drive wheel through an angle
∆𝜑𝑗 =∆𝑥𝑗
𝑟 (11)
where r - radius of this wheel.
The block diagram of the proposed adaptive
control system for the manipulator and conveyor
belt is shown in Fig. 3. Here the following nota-
tions are introduced: ε - the signal of dynamic er-
ror of the manipulator; ЭП 1, ЭП 2 - electric drives
controlling the manipulator and conveyor, respec-
tively; ДП 1, ДП 2 - the corresponding position
sensors; a1, a2 - output signals of ДП1 and ДП2,
respectively; Р1, Р2 - reducers; M-manipulator; K
- the driving wheel of the conveyor; ТД - televi-
sion sensor; БРА - the unit for calculating the am-
plitude 𝐴𝑝𝑗 of a harmonic signal according to the
formula (9); БРТ - is the unit for calculating the
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 17
rotation angle ∆𝜑𝑗 by formulas (10) and (11);
БИУ- is the identification unit JΣ , БРЧ - is the cal-
culation unit 𝜔𝑝𝑗, using formula (7), taking into
account the current value of JΣ.
Pic. 3 Structural diagram of the adaptive control system of a manipulator and a conveyor belt
Note that in order to ensure stable operation
of the manipulator control system, the next change
in the value 𝐴𝑝𝑗 in expression (8), if necessary,
should be performed at the moment when the ma-
nipulator coincides with the x-axis, i.e. when a*(t)
= 0 .
Since the frequency ωpj, calculated by the for-
mula (7) changes abruptly during the operation of
the system, then in calculating a*(t) (8) in order to
exclude the jumps of this input signal, it is expedi-
ent to calculate the value ωpjt by means of an in-
tegrator whose input is fed with a stepwise varying
signal ωpj (pic. 3).
During the simulation, the process of in-
stalling the manipulator of some parts into nine
objects, which were alternately moved by the
transporter, was investigated. These parts were
placed in the manipulator storage. Harmonic
movement of a manipulator with a length l = 0.4
m and a driving wheel of a conveyor with a radius
of r = 0.1 m is controlled by identical electric
drives built on the basis of DC motors. These
drives have the following constant parameters:
Ку=1500, Км = 0,02 Nm/А, Кω = 0,02 Vs, R = 0,4
Ohm, L = 0,004 H, Т1=0,024 s, Т2 =0,0012 s,
іp=80 - gear ratio of the reducer. The objects on
the transporter were arranged in such a way that
for the first object Аpj=1,3 rad, and for all subse-
quent Аpj = 0,3 rad. At the same time JΣ varied
from 0,001 to 0,0002 kgm2, decreasing by a jump
of 0,0001 kgm2 on each turn of the manipulator,
and εd= 0,0015 rad.
In pic. 4 shows the law of the change in the
output signal of the manipulator electric drive dur-
ing its operation with the changes JΣ, Аpj and ωpj,
mentioned above, and in pic. 5 - laws of variation
ωpj of this signal Figures 1 and 2 in Fig. 5 desig-
nates the frequencies calculated according to the
formula (7), respectively, and figure 3 - frequency
of the input signal of the electric drive of the ma-
nipulator in the system that does not use adaptive
frequency adjustments. It can be seen from this fig-
ure that in calculating ωpj, according to formula
(7), almost identical results are obtained, although
with increasing ωpj, curve 2 starts to pass some-
what below curve 1. Moreover, with the indicated
change in the load parameters of the manipulator
electric drive, the value ωpj in the adaptive system
can increase by more than in 5.2 times, signifi-
cantly increasing the performance of technological
operations.
In pic. 6 shows the laws of conveyance of
conveyor belt S and the time for one work cycle
with nine objects, using adaptive tuning algo-
rithms ωpj (curve 1), with constant initial value ωpj
(curve 2) and when using an input signal of an
electric drive of a manipulator of not harmonic but
stepped signal of the same magnitude (curve 3). In
all three cases the value of εd remained constant
18 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
Pic. 4 The law of variation of the output signal α1 of the electric drive of the manipulator
Pic. 5 Laws of variation ωpj of the input signal of the electric drive the manipulator
The horizontal sections of the curves in pic. 6
correspond to the idle time of the conveyor in an-
ticipation of the manipulator approach, and the in-
clined ones to the time of its movement. The in-
creased runtime of one operating cycle in a system
with a stepped input signal is explained by a sharp
increase in the current in the windings of the motor
at the beginning of its movement. This current was
specially limited in magnitude in order to maintain
the operability of the electromechanical equip-
ment used.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 19
Pic. 6 The laws governing the movement of the conveyor belt under various laws governing the for-
mation of control signals
From Fig. 6 that with a harmonic input signal
at the input of the drive and the laws of variation
Ap and JΣ given above, the adaptive control system
used by increasing the frequency of this signal
makes it possible to almost 2.6 times increase the
productivity of the equipment used without ex-
ceeding εd. This confirms the high efficiency of
adaptive control systems synthesized on the basis
of the algorithms for determining the working fre-
quency of the manipulator's motion proposed in
this paper.
In this paper, we propose and study a method
for the synthesis of adaptive systems designed to ad-
just the frequency of the harmonic motion of manip-
ulation mechanisms in order to increase the speed
(performance) of their work in the process of chang-
ing the load parameters without reducing the dy-
namic accuracy of control.
It was determined that, depending on the cur-
rent values of the parameters control object and
amplitudes of harmonic input signals without re-
ducing the dynamic accuracy of control, it is pos-
sible to significantly change the frequency of these
signals.
Adjustment of the frequency of the control
signals is carried out on the basis of the frequency
response of systems is realized by discarding
small time constants and obtaining a sufficiently
simple analytical description of the frequency re-
sponse, which in further is used for rapid analyti-
cal calculation of changing operating frequencies
of input signals of systems with changes in their
parameters.
References: 1. V.Pshihopov. Optimal speed of trajectory
control of electromechanical manipulation robots
// Izvestiya Vuzov. Electromechanics. 2007. № 1.
Pp. 51-57
2. Piavchenko TA, Moiseeva EV Parametric
correction of the electric drive dynamics on the ba-
sis of the technical optimum method // Mechatron-
ics, Automation, Control. - 2012. - No. 4. - C. 14-
20.
3. Filaretov V.F. Self-adjusting control sys-
tems for manipulator drives. Vladivostok: FESTU
Publishing House. 2000. - 304 p.
20 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WATERMELON AND MELON SEEDS, IMPORTANT IN PROCESSES OF THEIR PROCESSING
Derevenko V.
Kuban State Technological University
Technological University of Tajikistan(Tajikistan, Dushanbe)
Mirzoev G.
Kuban State Technological University
Technological University of Tajikistan(Tajikistan, Dushanbe)
Kokulov P.
Kuban State Technological University
Technological University of Tajikistan(Tajikistan, Dushanbe)
Ziyavodinov S.
Kuban State Technological University
Technological University of Tajikistan(Tajikistan, Dushanbe)
Abstract
For expansion of the range of vegetable oils of linoleic group development of technology and the
equipment for processing of oilseeds of melon cultures with receiving valuable vegetable oil and fodder
cake is actual. Therefore authentic data on the main properties of seeds are necessary. The main physic-
mechanical properties of seeds of melon cultures of melon and water-melon are studied and general-
ized: the linear sizes, volume mass of seeds, weight are thousands of seeds, the mass of seeds, their
corner of static friction, coefficient of external friction, specific work of destruction important at devel-
opment of the capital and auxiliary processing equipment in processes of processing of seeds.
Keywords: melon cultures, linear sizes of seeds, static friction corner, mass of seeds, specific work
of destruction.
Cultivation of melons, including various vari-
eties of melon and watermelon is carried out prac-
tically on the whole territory of agricultural lands
of Tajikistan. As is known, melons are a source for
obtaining various foods and oil seeds. Melon mel-
ons are a delicious and useful dessert food, and
seeds - waste. In the canning enterprises from the
melons of melons you can make a fried puree,
juice, candied fruits, jam, etc. [1]. By-products in
the production of the above products are seeds that
are not processed. However, it is possible to obtain
valuable vegetable edible oil and cake from press
seeds from oil seeds. From the cake you can get
bold flour, used as an additive to food functional
purpose [1].
Therefore, the actual task is the development
of technology and technological equipment for the
processing of seeds oil of melon crops with the
production of vegetable oil and oilcake.
Reliable information on the main physical
and mechanical properties of seeds, such as linear
dimensions and shape, the bulk mass, the mass of
thousands of seeds, is required for the develop-
ment of the main and auxiliary technological
equipment that implements this technology, in-
tended for cleaning oil seeds from weeds, drying,
calibrating and collapsing. , The coefficient of ex-
ternal friction, as well as information on the spe-
cific work of fracture.
To solve the problem, the main physical and
mechanical properties of seeds of melons, melons
and watermelon melons were studied experimen-
tally [1 - 4] [5 -7]. In tables 1 and 2 shows the main
physical and mechanical properties of pumpkin
seeds of Muscatel and Fodder melon
Varieties "Asian oval" and watermelon vari-
ety "Astrakhan" harvest 2011, grown in Tajiki-
stan, as well as varieties of melon «С. Edulis»,
«Egusi», «Sarakhi», grown in Africa and Asia.
Table 1.
Linear sizes of watermelon and melon seeds
Seed variety Linear dimensions, mm
length width thickness
Melon "Asian oval" 10,36– 14,35 4,58 – 6,16 1,11– 2,49
Melon «С. Edulis» [5] 14,50 8,47 2,49
Melon «Egusi» [6] 13,20 7,92 1,85
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 15,62– 17,05 9,15-10,07 3,10-3,16
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 11,04-14,60 6,68-9,12 1,78-3,39
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 21
Table 2
Bulk weight, weight of thousands of seeds and the weight
of individual watermelon and melon seedlings
Seed variety Humidity, % Volumetric
weight, kg/m3
Weight thou-
sands of seeds
, kg
Weight of in-
dividual
achenes, gr
Melon "Asian oval" 5,3 412 54,14 0,03 – 0,08
Melon «С. Edulis» [5] 6,33 446 110,0 -
Melon «Egusi» [6] 7,11 414,0 95 -
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 4,55– 45,22 337 – 540 - -
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 6,0 458 126,38 0,12 – 0,42
As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the basic
physical and mechanical properties of seeds differ
markedly for different grades of melons. Melon
varieties grown in Africa and Asia have larger lin-
ear dimensions than the seeds of melon grown in
Tajikistan, which is obviously associated with va-
rietal characteristics and natural climatic condi-
tions of cultivation. In table 3 shows the values of
the friction angle of the melon seeds and water-
melon at rest, depending on their humidity on the
following surfaces: iron, a screen with holes of 7
mm in diameter and a sieve with holes 4 mm in
diameter.
Table 3
The values of the angle of friction of the rest of the watermelon and melon seeds, depending on their
moisture content
Seed variety Humidity, % Angle of friction of rest, 0
iron sieve d = 7mm sieve d = 4mm
Melon "Asian oval" 5,3 – 23,1 26,5 – 51,8 28,3 – 54,5 27,6 – 52,2
Melon «С. Edulis» [5] 6,25 36,0 - -
Melon «Egusi» [6] 7,11 23,7 - -
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 4,55-45,22 17,12-30,57 - -
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 6,0 – 43,0 26,0 – 52,4 29,6 – 56,3 27,6 – 54,5
The values of coefficients of external friction
of seeds of melons have been experimentally es-
tablished according to a known method [8]. De-
pendence of coefficient of external friction of
seeds fтр from their humidity W,% is approxi-
mated by a linear equation of the form
𝑓тр = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑊 (1)
Where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the coefficients of equation
1 (Table 4).
As can be seen when the moisture content of
the seeds of melon crops increases, the coefficient
of external friction increases, which is also char-
acteristic for seeds of grain crops [9].
Table 4
Values of the coefficients in Equation 1 and the discrepancy between the experimental values of the
coefficients of external friction and calculated by the equation 1.
Seed variety type of surfaces Values Coefficients
Discrepancy, ±% a b
Melon "Asian oval"
Iron 0,277 0,031 7,6
sieve d=7мм 0,481 0,025 4,7
sieve d=4 мм 0,426 0,026 4,7
Watermelon
"Astrakhan"
iron 0,356 0,021 8,3
sieve d=7мм 0,403 0,024 5,3
sieve d=4 мм 0,372 0,023 2,8
The average specific work of destruction of
melon and watermelon seeds has been experimen-
tally studied. The average specific work of de-
stroying the seeds of watermelon and melon was
determined according to a known method [10, 11].
Since during the collapse of the seeds of mel-
ons, external forces can act in different directions,
we investigated the effects of dynamic loads di-
rected to the seed in the "flat", "on the rib" and
along the long axis until complete destruction. The obtained experimental data on the spe-
cific work of destruction of a mixture of water-melon seeds under dynamic destructive forces in the directions of three axes, depending on their
22 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 moisture content, are well described by a third-de-gree polynomial [4]:
𝐴𝑝 = 𝑎𝑊3 ∙ 𝑏𝑊2 ∙ 𝑐𝑊 ∙ 𝑑 (2)
where 𝐴𝑝– average specific work of destroy-
ing the seeds of watermelon or melon, J/kg; 𝑊 –
seed humidity, % (for seeds watermelon 𝑊 = 6,1 – 31,5 %, for seeds melon 𝑊 = 5,6 – 28,6 %); 𝑎 , 𝑏, 𝑐 , 𝑑 – coefficients whose values depend on the direction of the destructive forces (table 5).
Table 5 Coefficients for calculating the specific work of destruction of watermelon and melon seeds for vari-
ous directions of dynamic loads.
Seeds Direction dynamic
loads
The values of the coefficients in equation 2
Discrepancies between ex-perimental
and calculated data,%
a b c d
Watermelon "Astrakhan"
“flatways” 0,10 -7,75 162,4 363,61 2,0 “edgeways” 0,07 -5,73 124,3 503,14 2,3 Along the long axis 0,07 -6,10 132,32 428,51 3,1
melon varieties “flatways” 0 -1,74 50,78 371,1 6,1 Melon "Asian oval" and «Amiry»
“ edgeways ” 0 -1,75 51,08 335,5 6,5 Along the long axis 0 -1,63 46,93 328,3 7,3
It is established that the experimental data on
the specific work of destruction of the mixture of melon seeds of the variety "Asian oval" and mix-tures of melon seeds of the "Amiry" variety, de-pending on their humidity, are described with suf-ficient accuracy for engineering calculations by a polynomial of the second degree, that is, in equa-tion 2) the first term is zero [12].
The discrepancies between the values of the average specific work for the destruction of the mixture of watermelon seeds and the experimental data calculated by equation (2) do not exceed ± 3.1%, and for the melon seed mixture no more than 7.3%, (Table 5). According to equation (2), the maximum average specific work of destruction of the commercial mixture of watermelon seeds is
determined, which corresponds to average mois-ture content of 15.8%, and for a mixture of melon seeds it is achieved at an average moisture content of 14.4%.
It should be noted that the specific work of destroying the seeds of watermelon is almost twice as high as the specific work of destroying melon seeds, and several times more than for sun-flower seeds [10] and hemp [13], which is obvi-ously associated with higher strength Characteris-tics of their fruit coat.
Figures 1 and 2 show the graphs of the aver-age specific work of the destruction of watermelon and melon seeds at different positions of the achene relative to the destructive force.
а) б) в)
Figure 1
Average specific work of destruction of fractions of watermelon seeds at the position of achenes in re-
lation to the destructive force: a) "flat", b) "on the edge"; C) along the long axis
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Ø6 Ø7 Ø8
1100
965
924
Ave
rage
sp
ecif
ic w
ork
of …
Fraction size, mm
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Ø6 Ø7 Ø8
1068
921 876
Ave
rage
sp
ecif
ic w
ork
of
des
tru
ctio
n,J
/kg
Fraction size, mm
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Ø6 Ø7 Ø8
1021
873 834
Aver
age
spec
ific
work
of
des
truct
ion,J
/kg
Fraction size, mm
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 23
а) б) в)
Figure 2 - Average specific work of destruction of fractions of melon seeds at the position of achene’s
in relation to the destructive force: a) "flattened"; B) "on the edge"; C) along the long axis.
As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, the min-
imum average specific destruction performance is
achieved when the watermelon and melon seed-
lings are destroyed along their long axis. There-
fore, it is advisable to calibrate the seeds of water-
melon and melon and produce a separate crushing
of the obtained seed fractions.
The obtained data on the main properties of
melon seeds can be used in the design of equip-
ment for their processing.
References:
1. Derevenko V.V. Basic physical and me-
chanical properties of pumpkin seeds grown in Ta-
jikistan / V.V. Derevenko, G.H. Mirzoev, A.A.
Lobanov, O.V. Dikova, A.D. Klimova //Message
university. Food technology. - 2012. № 4. - P. 120
- 121.
2. Derevenko V.V. Basic physical and me-
chanical properties of melon seeds grown in Ta-
jikistan / V.V. Derevenko, G.H. Mirzoev, A.A.
Lobanov, E.A. Kalienko, S.E. Nazarko // Message
university. Food technology. - 2013. № 1. - P. 120
- 121.
3. Derevenko V.V. Basic physical and me-
chanical properties of seeds of watermelon grown
in Tajikistan / V.V. Derevenko, G.H. Mirzoev,
A.A. Lobanov, E.A. Kalienko // Message univer-
sity. Food technology. - 2013. № 2 - 3. - P. 116 -
117.
4. Derevenko V.V. Strength of the fruit shell
of watermelon and melon seeds / V.V. Derevenko,
G.H. Mirzoev, E.A. Kalienko // Oil and fat indus-
try. - 2013. № 4. - P. 20 - 21.
5. Davies R.M. Engineering properties of
three varieties of melon seeds as potentials for de-
velopment of melon processing machines // Ad-
vance journal of food science and technology. –
2010. – Vol 2(1). – P. 63-66.
6. Determination of selected physical prop-
erties of Egusi melon (Citrullus colocynthis la-
natus) seeds / Bande Y.M., Adam N.M., Azmi Y.,
Jamarei O. // Journal of basic & applied sciences.
– 2012. – Vol. 8. – Р. 257-265.
7. Physical properties of watermelon seed as
a function of moisture content and variety/
Koocheki A., Razavi S.M.A., Milani E.,
Moghadan T.M., Abedini M, Alamatiyan S, Iza-
dikhah S // Int. Agrophysics. – 2007. – Vol. 21. –
Р. 349-359.
8. Aret V.A. Rheology and physical and me-
chanical properties of food products [Text]: Text-
book / VA. Areth, S.D. Rudnev; SPb .: IC Inter-
media, 2014. - 246 p.
9. Technological equipment of enterprises of
the industry (grain processing enterprises) /
Glebov LA, Demsky AB, Vedenyev VF. And oth-
ers. - M.: DeLi print. - 2006. - 816 p.
10. Manual on technology for the production
and processing of vegetable oils and fats., Volume
1 / Ed. AG Sergeeva.-L .: VNIIZh, - 1975. -728p.
11. Zaporozhchenko S.D. Specific work of
destruction of soybean beans / S.D. Zaporozh-
chenko, V.V. Derevenko, E.N. Konstantinov. -
Dep. VINITI. - 2004. № 71 - В.
12. Mirzoev G.H. Specific work of destroying
melon seeds / G.Kh. Mirzoev, V.V. Derevenko,
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ø4 Ø5 Ø6
750
568,62 547,1
6
Aver
age
spec
ific
wo
rk o
f d
estr
uct
ion
,J/k
g
Fraction size, mm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Ø4 Ø5 Ø6
675
549,01518,8
Aver
age
spec
ific
wo
rk o
f d
estr
uct
ion
,J/k
g
Fraction size, mm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Ø4 Ø5 Ø6
624
509,8 508,43
Aver
age
spec
ific
wo
rk o
f d
estr
uct
ion
,J/k
g
Fraction size, mm
24 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
A.A. Lobanov //. Food technology. - 2013. № 4. -
P. 122 - 123.
13. Derevenko V.V. Specific work of destroy-
ing cannabis seeds / V.V. Derevenko, S. Zapo-
rozhchenko. - Dep. In VINITI. - 2005. - No.444B.
IMPROVING NEFTEAPPARATURY ON THE INSTALLATION OF OIL STABILIZATION IN THE FIELD OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN SEA
Nurzhanov M.
student,
Astrakhan State Technical University
Bulashov D.
student,
Astrakhan State Technical University
Tulepbergenova D.
candidate of pedagogy, associate Professor of foreign languages,
Astrakhan State Technical University
Abstract
Based on the analysis of shortcomings of existing methods of oil separation, proposed to modernize
the design of vertical separator on the installation of crude oil stabilization, with the aim of increasing
the efficiency of the separation process of gas-liquid mixture as well as reduce the costs of these activi-
ties.
Presented data about the material balance for controlling the flow of oil and gas mixture, strength
calculation, aimed at identifying the most vulnerable places in the design of the separator, and a heat
calculation to determine the thickness of the heat insulation of the separator.
Keywords: stabilization of crude oil, setting integrated oil treatment, vertical separator, drying,
purification, compression, degassing.
Extracted from the bowels of the Earth of oil
contains in its composition not only liquid and
gaseous hydrocarbons, but also dissolved gases,
organic (methane CH4, ethane С2Н6, propane
C3H8, butane C4H10) and inorganic (hydrogen
sulfide Н2Б, carbon dioxide CO2 and Not helium)
origin, which degrade the quality of subsequent
processing of oil and lead to undesirable and de-
structive effects on the equipment due to its corro-
sive activity. This significantly affects the quality
of oil and its performance characteristics.
Before transporting and supplying oil to the
processing gas needs to be separated from oil, to
reduce the corrosive effects on piping and equip-
ment of oil refinery. The high demand for hydro-
carbon raw materials and its limited reserves re-
quire development of energy-saving technologies
and improving the quality of commodity oil. In
this regard, the work aimed at the extraction of oil
dissolved gases are relevant. From this it follows
that a very important task is the process of degas-
sing of oil.1
Currently, for separating gas from oil used
cumbersome and insufficiently effective separa-
tors that are able to separate the gas phase from the
1 M. S. Arabov, Z. M. Arabova, M. A. Marisheva, J. M. Ju-
maliev ; Equipment and technologies of extraction, prepara-
tion of oil, gas and reservoir wastewater : study guide/under
General editorship of M. S. Arabova; Astrakhan. GOS. tehn.
liquid only with high concentrations. One way of
solving this problem is the use of vertical separa-
tors in the process of stabilization of oil because
their design makes it easier to remove from the
machine the accumulation of sand that is depos-
ited from the production wells, so that such sepa-
rators are the most widely used in the oil fields,
where production wells contains sand, and also
take up less space than horizontal, which is espe-
cially important in the context of marine fisheries,
where the equipment is mounted on platforms or
racks and have a number of advantages.
However, existing information sources lack
specific information about specific progress in the
use of a vertical separator for degassing oil. There
is no information about their application and on
the Northern Caspian fields.
In this regard, the development of the project
vertical separator for degassing oil in the direction
of eliminate the negative impact of the shortcom-
ings of conventional separators and their individ-
ual components when working in the oil fields of
the Northern Caspian sea is important.2
To solve these problems you need to solve the
following tasks:
Univ. of Illinois – Astrakhan : publishing house of ASTU,
2017. – 164 p. 2 The Commissioners, Y. A., Gordeev L. S., D. P. Vent Pro-
cesses and apparatuses of chemical technology: textbook. the
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018 25
- to identify the best solutions for the design
of the components constituting the separator, on
the basis of studying and analysis of scientific in-
formation of patents in recent years and to select
and justify technical proposal
- perform design studies and calculations for
technical offer using the selected best solutions for
its components.
Schematic diagram of the improved vertical
separator offered by me is shown in Fig.1
Fig. 1 – Improved vertical separator
The principle of operation of the separator
following:
Gas and oil mixture under pressure is fed
through pipe 1 in the upper part of the separator,
and then, thanks to bumper 2 accurately and uni-
formly flows down on the valve plate 3. Then gas-
liquid mixture via the overflow pipe 6 flows down
from one plate to another.3
In the lower part of the separator contains a
cylindrical tube 7 with holes 10 for the exit of
heated methane(CH4). The gas rises upward and
passes through the liquid layer on the plates
(through special valves) that allows the separation
of a mixture into two components: gas and liquid.
As the gas is heated to a temperature of 65°C, the
degassing process is faster.
In the upper part of the separator is installed
separating the nozzle 4 bladed type. Droplets of oil
are repulsed by the separation device 4, and then
flow down in the pallet and sent via overflow pipes
to the bottom of the device, and the gas under pres-
sure through the valve 5 is sent to the purification
system, dehydration and compression. Reduction
allowance/ under the editorship of Yu. a. Komissarov, ed. by
Yu. a. Komissarov. M.:Chemistry, 2011. – 1230с. 3 Tarakanov, G. V. Technology of processing of natural gas
and gas condensate of the Astrakhan gas processing plant: a
of droplet entrainment occurs due to the collision
of gas flow with a vane-type baffles. The liquid
mixture is fused on the bottom of the separator is
discharged with the aid of the valve 9.
In the lower part of the housing of the separa-
tor is set to 11 water gauge glass with shutoff
valves 12 a, which is designed to measure the
amount of fluid supplied.
The advantages of this device:
– simplicity of design;
– high efficiency separation;
– relatively small dimensions.
– economic benefit
– you can remove one degree of separation
Technological data separator:
Working pressure - 40 ATM; Diameter - 1200
mm; Volume - 1.6 m3; Weight - 1300 kg; Perfor-
mance installation (volumetrical the flow of the
mixture) Gсм = 5 t/h; The density of oil and gas
mixture ρ = 863 kg/m3 ; The percentage of mix-
ture: crude oil - 90% gas - 10%; Cleaning effi-
ciency - 99.9%; The volume flow rate of gas - 500
kg/h; The volumetric flow rate of oil - 4500 kg/h;
tutorial/ Astrakhan. GOS. tehn. University / Astrakhan. GOS.
tehn. University — Astrakhan: publishing house of ASTU,
2013. — 148с.
26 POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE № 1, 2018
The liquid flow rate of - 4 m/c; Material - high-
Strength steel 40KH
Improving the efficiency of out gassing is
achieved by installing at the bottom part of the
separator cylindrical tubes on its surface is coaxi-
ally located holes for supplying the superheated
gas(CH4 - methane) at a temperature of 65 °C, and
the inclined shelves replacement valve. Their
main advantage - the ability to provide efficient
mass transfer in large range of workloads, the sim-
plicity of construction, low metal consumption
and low cost. Thanks to the installation of the
valve plates the percentage of gas in the oil de-
creased from 50% to 35%.
CONCLUSION
The refining processes of oil and gas have un-
dergone in their development, both qualitative and
quantitative changes arising from the task of de-
velopment of the national economy of our country.
Currently, oil and gas processing and petrochemi-
cal industries are widely used combined pro-
cesses, which are characterized by the use of
multi-devices simultaneous flow stages of the re-
action, heat and mass transfer. Especially im-
portant is the use of multifunctional devices in a
compact small-scale installations of hydrocarbon
processing to reduce the indicators of quality of
target products up to standards.
Improving the efficiency of out gassing is
achieved by installing at the bottom part of the
separator cylindrical tubes on its surface is coaxi-
ally located holes for supplying the superheated
gas(CH4 - methane) at a temperature of 65 °C, and
the inclined shelves replacement valve. Their
main advantage - the ability to provide efficient
mass transfer in large range of workloads, the sim-
plicity of construction, low metal consumption
and low cost. Thanks to the installation of the
valve plates the percentage of gas in the oil de-
creased from 50% to 35%.
References:
1. M. S. Arabov, Z. M. Arabova, M. A. Mar-
isheva, J. M. Jumaliev ; Equipment and technolo-
gies of extraction, preparation of oil, gas and res-
ervoir wastewater : study guide/under General ed-
itorship of M. S. Arabova; Astrakhan. GOS. tehn.
Univ. of Illinois – Astrakhan : publishing house of
ASTU, 2017. – 164 p.
2. the Commissioners, Y. A., Gordeev L. S.,
D. P. Vent Processes and apparatuses of chemical
technology: textbook. the allowance/ under the ed-
itorship of Yu. a. Komissarov, ed. by Yu. a.
Komissarov. M.:Chemistry, 2011. – 1230с.
3. Tarakanov, G. V. Technology of pro-
cessing of natural gas and gas condensate of the
Astrakhan gas processing plant: a tutorial/ Astra-
khan. GOS. tehn. University / Astrakhan. GOS.
tehn. University — Astrakhan: publishing house
of ASTU, 2013. — 148с.
POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
№1 (2018)
ISSN 3353-2389
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Frankie Imbriano – University of Milan, Italy
Taylor Jonson – Indiana University Bloomington, USA
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Bjørn Evertsen – Harstad University College, Norway
Nathalie Westerlund – Umea University, Sweden
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