policy processes in ses

8/12/2019 Policy processes in SES

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Motivation

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Social Ecological Systemsas Complex Adaptive Systems

RU1

RU2

RU3

Figure 1. Community-based natural resource management

Figure 2. The EU fishery governance process (Carson et al., 2009)

ecological

ANDsocial complexity


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Motivation

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What are the internal (political) drivers explainingchange and stability in governance systems?

Why do some advanced governance systems fail toadapt to environmental change?

Role of veto players, civil servants, non-

governmental actors

(Arts, 1998; Tsebelis, 2002; Page, 2012)

Coalition and agenda-setting dynamics(Sabatier, 1999; Kingdon, 2003)

Images and paradigms

(Hall, 1993; Baumgartner and Jones, 1993)


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Aims

1. Analyze prominent frameworks of the policyprocess, originating in political science to address

abovementioned challenges.

2. Produce a review of frameworkswhich will help

to inform SES researchers in their efforts to

conceptualize governance and policy in social-

ecological systems.

4


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Approach

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Method:

Framework ? set of variables and relationships among them thatpresumably account for a set of phenomena(Ostrom in Sabatier, 2007)

A framework may specify hypotheses, but must remain of abroader scope.

Literature review of prominent policyprocess frameworks


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Approach

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Criteria for selection: a proper policy framework

1. Must explain all stages of the policy process (agenda-setting,decision making, implementation, etc.)

2. Accounts for a set of factors, traditionally deemed important by

political scientists studying policymaking (Sabatier, 1991; 2007;Schlager and Blomquist, 1996):

Conflicting values and interests Information flows Institutional arrangements

Variations in socioeconomic environment Role of different actor groups

3. Popular/often used frameworks


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Approach

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What are the: Key assumptions

Models of individual

Conceptualizations of

policy process & policy change

Critiques

Application fields

How does the framework refer to:

Learning & social learning

Trust & social capital

Information flows

Networking behavior

Can it deal with:

Irreduceable uncertainty of the system wicked problems

Overlapping spatial scales; long-term perspective


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Framework Critical features Origins

Institutional analysis and

development (IAD)

- Collective action

- Institutions

Kiser and Ostrom, 1982;

Ostrom, 1990

Ecology of Games (EG) - Collective action

- Institutions

- Multiple policy venues

Lubell, 2013

Advocacy Coalition (AC) - Belief systems

- Coalition dynamics

- Policy-oriented learning

Sabatier, 1987

Multiple Streams (MS) - Emergence of ideas

- Ambiguity

- Windows of opportunity

- Policy entrepreneurs

Kingdon, 1984

Policy Networks (PN) - Network structure

- State-civil society relations

Rhodes, 1986; 1997; Schneider,

1988; Marin and Mayntz, 1991

and others

Punctuated Equilibrium

(PE)

- Framing of policy

- Incremental change

- Multiple policy venues

Baumgartner and Jones, 1993


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Some results...

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Frameworks across levels of analysis:

IADInstitutional analysis &

development

ACAdvocacy coalition

PNPolicy networks

EGEcology of games

MSMultiple streams

PEPunctuated equilibrium


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Learning frommistakes

Selectiveattention

Heuristics Beliefs

Some results...

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IADInstitutional analysis &

development

ACAdvocacy coalition

EGEcology of games

MSMultiple streams

PEPunctuated equilibrium

PE

EG

MS

EG

AC

IAD

Boundedly rational

Model of individual:


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Case example: the Baltic Sea

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RQ: How did politicians and civil servants in the Baltic Sea fishery

governance system frame the fishery policy beforeand afterthe Baltic Sea

ecosystem regime shift?

Framing: recognizing and defining the problem, its origins and policy

solutions)

Image retrieved from: https://flic.kr/p/8GTvgv

Image retrieved from: http://www.regimeshifts.org/

Framing policy imagesImage change throughpolicy learning?

Punctuated equilibrium & Advocacy coalition


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Thank you!Research funded by the ERCStarting Grant

policy processes in ses

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