Pneumatic Actuation Systems

Robert Blaser

Assignment #1

Mechatronics—ECE 5320

Outline

• Reference List• To Explore Further…• Major Applications• Introduction• Components of a Pneumatic System• Pneumatic System Basics• NORGREN 92000/M• Advantages/Disadvantages

Reference List

Robert H. Bishop, THE MECHATRONICS HANDBOOK, CRC Press, 2002.

NORGREN, (2004, Mar. 2). “Norgren-Webstore” (2003) [Online]. Available: http://webstore.usu.norgren.com/catalogue.asp

NORGREN, (2004, Mar. 2). “Norgen Pneumatics” (2004) [Online]. Available: http://www.norgren.com

To Explore Further…

• Good site with links to Pneumatic related information – http://www.pneumatic-source.com/

• Resource sites with many Pneumatic manufacturers and information– http://

www.hydraquip.com/products/indexOklahomaPNEUM.htm

– http://www.petropages.com/keywords/k2229.htm

– http://www.manufacture.com.tw/tpo4/product-category/hydraulic.htm

Major Applications

Industrial Applications– Production Automation– Process Automation– Vehicular Applications– Monitoring storage capacity

Cryogenic Systems– Vehicular– Industrial

High Temperature Applications (500+ C)

Introduction

• There are three main types of power with which actuation systems work:– Electric Power– Hydraulic Power– Pneumatic Power

• Pneumatic systems make use of cylinders (linear motors) and rotary motors, the motion of which is governed by a compressible gas (compressed air or generic gas).

Components of a Pneumatic System• Compressed air generation system

– Compressor– Cooler– Storage Tank– Intake and Output Filters

• Compressed air treatment unit– FLR (Filter, regulator, lubrifier) Assembly

• Valve (Regulator of the pneumatic system)• Actuator (Converts pneumatic power into mechanical

power)• Piping• Sensors and Transducers• System Display

– Physical Magnitude Measurement– Control Devices

Pneumatic System Basics...• The figure below illustrates a basic

fluid actuation system.-Command Part represents the control commends sent from Controller

-Sensors provide feedback from the Actuator to the Controller

-The Actuator is a double-acting cylinder in this case

“The Mechatronics Handbook”

Pneumatic System Basics...

• Pneumatic Compressor Classification

“The Mechatronics Handbook”

Pneumatic System Basics...

• Piston Compressor Types– Single Action

– Double Action

“The Mechatronics Handbook”

“The Mechatronics Handbook”

Pneumatic System Basics...

• Valve Classification– Directional

• Determine the passage and the flow of the air current by means of appropriate moving parts contained in them actuated from the outside.

– On-Off• Unidirectional valves. Only allow air to move in one

direction. Also known as non-return or check valves.

– Pressure Regulator• Relief and pressure limiter are the two kinds of

pressure regulators.

– Flow-Rate Regulator

Pneumatic System Basics...

• Two types of Valve control– PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

• Sample of PWM signal used to control valve

– Proportional• Normally three-way, with double poppets or

with spool

“The Mechatronics Handbook”

• Very compact—approximately one third the basic length of a corresponding conventional cylinder

• Entirely manufactured from corrosion resistant materials

• Standard magnetic piston provides a wide range of control options

NORGREN 92000/M

“Norgren-Webstore”

• The NORGREN 92000/M series is a Double Acting Cylinder as shown below:

• Cylinder Variations:

NORGREN 92000/M

“Norgren-Webstore”

“Norgren-Webstore”

• Theoretical Forces-Air Consumption-Torque

• Cylinder Variations:

NORGREN 92000/M

“Norgren-Webstore”

“Norgren-Webstore”

Advantages/Disadvantages

• Advantages of Pneumatics– Better bandwidth than electromagnetics– Large load disturbance immunity– Works good at high temperatures (500+ C)

• Disadvantages of Pneumatics– “Stick-Slip” (intermittent motion at low movement

speeds due to friction forces– Inferior to Hydraulics in some ways