pmi statistics and probability njctlcontent.njctl.org/courses/math/algebra-ii/... · 15. find the...

PMI Statistics and Probability NJCTL.org

1

Sets Class Work 1. Draw a sample space for the following situations: a. Rolling a set of two dice and multiplying the numbers on each to find an answer.

b. Drawing two marbles out of a bag, with replacement. Out of 20 marbles, 4 are red, 10 are blue and the rest are yellow.

c. Spinning a spinner with the numbers 1 through 8 on it.

2. On the back of this worksheet or on another piece of paper, draw a Venn Diagram that compares the choices of candy between a group of boys and a group of girls on a field trip. Use the following information. The boys and their choices are as follows: Logan chose licorice and toffee, Arik chose gum and Snickers, Jim chose licorice and Snickers, Rob chose toffee and Reese’s and Bill chose gum and mints. The girls and their choices are as follows: Tess chose mints and Skittles, Brianna chose Skittles and Mounds, Paige chose Starburst and Snickers, Katie chose toffee and Snickers and Grace chose Skittles and Starburst. 3. Use the Venn Diagram below to answer the questions. a. Name the Universe for the problem. b. Name all three of the sets involved. c. Find: i. A∩B ii. BUC iii. A∩(BUC) iv. ~(BUC)∩A v. ~(AUB) vi. A∩B∩C vii. AU(B∩C) viii. (AUB)∩~C 4. The following Venn Diagram shows the results of a college survey about extra-curricular activities that men (A) and women (B) do regularly. Use this diagram to list the members of the following sets and then write a sentence to describe the result. a. U b. A∩B c. A∩(~B) d. AUB e. ~A f. ~(A∩B)


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Sets Home Work 5. Draw a sample space for the following situations: a. Drawing a card from a normal deck of cards. Take only the different suits into consideration.

b. Rolling a single, six-sided die AND then flipping a coin.

c. Flipping a coin AND then spinning a spinner with the numbers 1 through 4 on it.

6. On the back of this worksheet or on another piece of paper, draw a Venn Diagram that represents the following situation. At USA High School, from a survey of 100 people, a student found that 90 had a TV, 40 had a laptop computer and 30 of those same people had both a TV and a laptop. 7. Use the Venn Diagram below to answer the questions. a. Name the Universe for the problem. b. Name all three of the sets involved. c. Find: i. A∩B ii. BUC iii. A∩(AUC) iv. ~(A∩C)∩B v. ~(AUC) vi. A∩(BUC) vii. A∩B∩C viii. BU(A∩C) 8. The following Venn Diagram shows activities that male (A) and female (B) teens in Colorado do on the weekends. Use this diagram to list the members of the following sets and then write a sentence to describe the result. a. U b. A∩B c. A∩(~B) d. AUB e. ~A f. ~(A∩B) Spiral Review Simplify: Simplify: Factor: Simplify:

9. √36𝑚8𝑛6 10. −12𝑥−6𝑦6

18𝑥−6𝑦−7 11. 24x3 – 36x 12.

1

𝑥41

𝑥6


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Independence and Conditional Probability Class Work 13. Label the events as dependent or independent: a. Your family decides to take a trip to Disney World for spring break. Your friend’s family decides to go to Disneyland.

b. You secretly take out all of the Aces from a deck of cards and then get your friend to see how many tries it takes to get an Ace.

14. Decide if the following events are mutually exclusive or overlapping. Then find P(AUB). a. A = Drawing a red card from a regular deck of cards B = Drawing a face card from a regular deck of cards b. A = Rolling an odd number on a six-sided die. B = Drawing a spade from a regular deck of cards 15. Find the conditional probability for the following problems: a. Find the probability that it is raining, given that it is cold.

b. A bag contains different colored disks that are numbered from 1 to 10. The probability that the disk is green is 0.6. The probability that it is green and odd is 0.3. What is the probability that the disk is odd, given that it is green?

16. Use the formula 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)

𝑃(𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐵) to mathematically decide if the events are independent.

a. Rolling a 10 on a set of six-sided die and then rolling a 5. b. A = taking math during your senior year at high school B = going to college


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Independence and Conditional Probability Home Work 17. Label the events as dependent or independent: a. The cost of a person’s insurance is high. Looking at the person’s driving record, they have had a lot of accidents.

b. You drink two 40oz. sodas a day for three weeks. In that time, you gain 15 pounds.

18. Decide if the following events are mutually exclusive or overlapping. Then find P(AUB). a. A bag of 15 marbles has 3 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, 3 yellow marbles, 3 green marbles and 3 black marbles. A = Drawing a red marble B = Drawing a blue marble b. Using a regular deck of cards: A = Drawing an even numbered card B = Drawing a heart 19. Find the conditional probability for the following problems: a. Find the probability that a student is in a band, given that they take a music class.

b. Find the probability that a student gets good grades, given that they play a sport.

20. Use the formula 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)

𝑃(𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐵) to mathematically decide if the events are independent.

a. The probability that a person owns the car they drive, i.e. no payments, in USA High School is 40%. The probability that the person owns their car and knows how to change the oil is 35%. Decide if the events are independent and then find the probability that a person at USA High knows how to change the oil on a car, given that they own the car. b. Spiral Review Factor: Factor: Simplify: Simplify:

21. 125x3 – 27y3 22. 16m2 – 81 23. √24𝑟4𝑝8 24. 6

𝑛3

𝑚


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Measures of Central Tendency Class Work For questions 25-27, find the mean, median, mode, range, IQR and the standard deviation of each set of data. Then, make a quantitative statement about each data set based on the measures of central tendency. Be sure to include something about the spread of the numbers. 25. Test scores for a physics exam: (in percentages) 96 43 88 97 75 75 76 75 78 75 26. Top ten time results for a Men’s Giant Slalom race: (in seconds) 85.18 85.38 86.48 87.04 87.31 87.40 87.43 88.22 88.38 88.56 27. Women’s Spring Board Diving Results: (total points)

414 379.20 362.40 362.20 345.65 343.00 342.85 332.10 317.80 316.80 309.40 295.20 28. The table below shows a frequency of test scores on a math test. Find the mean. 29. Which number would you remove from the list below to get a smaller standard deviation? 78, 78, 90, 99, 77, 86, 85, 85, 34, 88, 76, 87, 92, 92, 72 30. A freshmen class of 220 students raised $1200 for a charity. The senior class of 175 students raised $700. What is the average for both groups?


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Measures of Central Tendency Home Work For questions 31-33, find the mean, median, mode, range, IQR and the standard deviation of each set of data. Then, make a quantitative statement about each data set based on the measures of central tendency. Be sure to include something about the spread of the numbers. 31. Mortgage rates (in percentages): www.mortgagedaily.com

Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Rate 7.31% 8.73% 15.58% 9.94% 9.5% 7.92% 7.08% 6.51% 4.84%

32. Golf scores for the British Open top 14. (4 round total)

273 274 277 277 278 278 279

279 280 280 280 280 280 280

33. The number of Facebook friends of 10 students.

45 7 36 12 15 96 150 13 17 20

34. The following is a list of golf scores that a person kept track of over the summer. Find the mean. Would the standard deviation be large or small? 74 82 83 81 71 72 71 85 88 72 71 90 71 35. Find the IQR for the list in question 34. 36. Write a list of 10 scores for a test (in percentages) that would have a large standard deviation. Spiral Review Simplify: Work out: Multiply: Simplify:

37. 𝑚

𝑛

𝑝 38. (3x + 1)3 39. (-4r5t6)(-12r-4s-5) 40. √81𝑚6𝑛4𝑝16


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Standard Deviation and Normal Distribution Class Work 41. Create a normal distribution graph for the fast food with the highest calories. Base data is shown below. ** http://www.statisticbrain.com/fast-food-with-the-highest-calories/

42. The average salary for the NHL (National Hockey League) is 1.3 million. If the graph of professional sports’ salaries follows a normal distribution with a mean of 1.56 million and a standard deviation of 1.57, find the z-score of the average NHL salary and then find their percentile pay. 43. What percentile is a 4th grader who scored a 92% on a test that has a mean of 87 and a standard deviation of 2.8. 44. A factory fills lotion bottles with approximately 20 fl. oz. of lotion. The amount of lotion is normally distributed and the factory maintains a standard that at least 99% of the lotion bottles will be filled between 20 and 21 fl. oz. Find the greatest standard deviation that can be allowed. Round to the nearest hundredth. 45. Out of a class of 243, how many students would fall between 1 and 2 standard deviations above the mean? Round to the nearest student.

http://www.statisticbrain.com/fast-food-with-the-highest-calories/


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Standard Deviation and Normal Distribution Home Work 46. A class at USA College is very hard. On a test, the average score was 63.25% with a standard deviation of 10.75. If there were 300 students in the class, how many would you expect would get between a 74 and an 85 on the test? Round to the nearest student. 47. Create a normal distribution graph to represent the Mean Annual Salaries of Farming, Fishing and Forestry Occupations. Base data is shown below. ** http://www.statisticbrain.com/farming-and-forestry-occupation-salary-statistics/

48. The average number of photos uploaded on Facebook per day is 250. The data reported has a standard deviation of 100. Find the number of photographs someone with a z-score of 3.5 uploaded in one day. 49. A manufacturing plant makes nickel plates. They put approximately 2 oz. of nickel in each plate. The amount of nickel fluctuates slightly, but the manager guarantees that at least 95% of the plates have between 1.95 and 2.05 oz. of nickel in them. Find the greatest standard deviation that will be allowed to maintain this standard. 50. A 10th grader scores 72% on a standardized test. The mean of the test was 83% and the standard deviation is 3.2. What was the 10th graders reported percentile? Spiral Review Simplify: Factor: Multiply: Simplify:

51. 3𝑚

7𝑚2

5

52. 8x3 + 27 53. (x2 + 3x – 1)(2x2 – x – 2) 54. √81𝑟4𝑠93


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Two-Way Frequency Tables Class Work Put the following information in a two-way frequency table in the space below and use it to answer the questions. 55. At the humane society, during a summer, a total of 625 dogs and cats were brought in to see the veterinarian. Out of those animals, 145 dogs and 15 cats were positive for heartworm. 455 of the animals were dogs, the rest were cats. a. Find the probability that a dog came in tested positive for heartworm. b. What percentage of cats did not have heartworm? c. What is the probability that an animal who tested positive for heartworm was a dog? d. Find the probability that a cat came in and tested positive for heartworm. 56. At USA University, 300 students were interviewed about the sports that they played. Out of the 300, 170 were girls, the rest were boys. 121 of the girls and 103 of the boys played a sport. The rest did not play any sports. a. What percentage of girls played a sport? b. Find the probability that a person who played a sport was a boy. c. Of the boys, what percentage did not play a sport? d. Find the probability that a person who did not play a sport was a girl.


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Two-Way Frequency Tables Home Work Put the following information in a two-way frequency table in the space below and use it to answer the questions. 57. At USA College, 1000 students were surveyed about social websites. Half of the college students surveyed were girls. Out of the girls, 460 reported having an account on a social website. Of the boys, 320 stated that they had an account. a. What is the probability that a person who has a social account is a girl? b. Find the percentage of boys that do not have an account. c. Of the girls, what is the probability that they do not have a social account? d. Given that a person has a social account, what is the probability that they are a boy? 58. A group of students at a university studied leukemia in dogs and cats. 2000 pets participated in their study. 750 were dogs and the rest were cats. 57 of the dogs and 423 cats had leukemia. a. Did dogs have a greater percentage of leukemia or the cats? Prove your answer mathematically. b. Of the animals that had leukemia, what percentage were cats? c. Given that the animal was a dog, what is the probability that it would have leukemia? d. Find the probability that a dog would not have leukemia.

Spiral Review Simplify: (Be careful!) Work out: Multiply: Simplify:

59. 3

𝑥1

𝑥− 3

60. 3

15∙

4

10∙

25

24 61. (3xy5z6)4 62. √64𝑚6𝑛204


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Sampling and Experiments Class Work 63. It was reported that 63% of prison inmates cannot read. A local mayor said that the stat is too low and that it is more like 70%. Develop a simulation with 10 trials and calculate a margin of error for this situation. Does the mayor’s 70% fall within this margin? Prove or disprove his allegation. 64. A 3rd grader guesses 4 answers on a True/False test. Design a simulation to find the probability that the young guesser would get two out of the 4 answers correct. Run your simulation at least 10 times. 65. Soggy Burger is giving out 6 different game cards with each burger purchased. After you collect all 6 cards, you can redeem them for a free burger. Design a simulation and run it 10 times. Come up with a mean number from your data to estimate the number of burgers that you must purchase in order to get a free one. 66. The number of cancer cures in dogs was 15% better using treatment A over treatment B. Create and run a simulation to decide if the number 0 falls in your margin of error. What does the number 0 represent in this situation?


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Sampling and Experiments Home Work 67. You are bored in class and start flipping a coin with your friend. Heads you win, tails your friend wins. She wins 5 times in a row. Is she somehow cheating? Use a simulation to prove or disprove a claim that she is cheating. 68. Your friend is terrified of flying and claims that 50% of fatalities happen when the plane is descending or landing. In reality, you know that the odds of a plane crashing are 1 in 29.4 million. Despite that, your friend continues to be terrified. Finally, you decide to look up information about plane crashes on the internet and find the actual stat of crashing while descending or landing is 41%. Prove or disprove your friend’s claim of 50% using a simulation. 69. Two different skin creams are being tested on how much they help a person’s skin. Cream A reported that 62% of people had better skin using the cream and Cream B reported 51% of people having improved skin. Is Cream A really better than Cream B? Design a simulation using the difference of the successes of the creams to see if the number of zero (no difference) falls within your margin of error. 70. A student at your school claims that 2/3 of the school plays video games every night. You feel that this stat is way too high. You ask your homeroom of 36 students who plays video games at night. 17 of those students admitted playing every night. Is this a large enough sample to prove the original claim to be incorrect? Develop a simulation to prove or disprove the claim that 2/3 or the school plays video games each night. Spiral Review Simplify: (Be careful!) Work out: Multiply: Simplify:

71. 2

1

𝑥 + 5

72. 1

16∙

8

15∙

35

4 73. (-10xy2z6)3 74. √64𝑚6𝑛203

pmi statistics and probability njctlcontent.njctl.org/courses/math/algebra-ii/... · 15. find the...

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