pm 10 and acute respiratory infection (ari) among children in klang valley : gis mapping 1...
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PM10 AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (ARI) AMONG CHILDREN
IN KLANG VALLEY : GIS MAPPING
1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM 2School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM3Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment Studies, UPM4Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Siti Rahmah A. R.1, Sharifah Norkhadijah S. I. 1, Muhammad Firuz R. 2, Mohd Talib L. 3, Mazrura S. 4
INTRODUCTION• Rapid urban population growth and physical development has given
significant pressure to the environment.
2
Worsened air pollution
Source: Department of Statistic, Malaysia 2010
3Source: Malaysia Air Pollution Index and Environmental Quality Report 2010
4Source: The Acute Respiratory Infection Atlas, First Edition 2010
5Source: The Acute Respiratory Infection Atlas, First Edition 2010
AIR POLLUTION INDEX
INDEX COLOR CODE CATEGORY
0-50 GOOD
51-100 MODERATE
101-200 UNHEALTHY
201-300 VERY UNHEALTHY
301 HAZARDOUS
6
7Source: Environmental Quality Report 2010
Source of Ozone:- industrial facilities and electric utilities, motor
vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical
Source of CO:- incomplete combustion
like cigarette smoking and car exhausts
Source of NO2:- Motor vehicles exhaust,
electric utilities and industrial boilers
Source of SO2:- Generation of electricity from coal, oil or gas that
contain sulphur, fuel combustion
Source of PM10:- bushfires, unpaved
roads, motor vehicles emission, industrial
process
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Particles smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), can travel deeper into the lungs.
Particles, which are between 2.5 and 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5-PM10),
OBJECTIVETo determine distribution pattern of PM10 and ARI among children age between 0 to 14 years old in Klang Valley.
Data analysis
10
Air pollution data with the coordinate of each monitoring station will be input in the GIS software to build a pattern
of air pollution
These two pattern will be overlaid to explore the association between ARI and PM10.
ARI data with the coordinate will be input in the GIS software to
build a pattern of ARI cases
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
PM10 concentration with ARI cases in 2007
ARI_cases_2007
Value
High : 64.5843
Low : 32.3775
PM10 concentration with ARI cases in 2008
ARI_cases_2008
Value
High : 64.5843
Low : 32.3775
ARI_cases_2009
Value
High : 64.5843
Low : 32.3775
PM10 concentration with ARI cases in 2009
PM10 concentration with ARI cases in 2010
ARI_cases_2010
Value
High : 64.5843
Low : 32.3775
Annual mean of PM10 concentration and ARI cases
CONCLUSION• Highest PM10 was observed in Klang.• High PM10 can increase ARI incidence.• Integrated usage of geostatistical methods,
and spatial analysis can introduce valuable information to identify, visualize and explore the relationship between incidence on ARI and environmental pollution.
STUDY LIMITATION• Limited air quality station numbers in Klang
Valley to get more accurate data in certain places.
• ARI data may not cover other respiratory registry in some private health sector.
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