pls 2015: how effectively can we apply energy efficiency ratings to public lighting?
TRANSCRIPT
Allan Howard
Eng.(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL
Technical Director (Lighting)
How effectively can we
apply energy efficiency
ratings to public lighting?
Sept 2015
WHY HAVE AN ENERGY RATING?
2
Everyone likes and understands a label
Energy consumption is high profile
Looking to achieve the required Standards
Utilisation of the most efficient technologies
Ability to identify similar installations and compare efficiencies
THE PROBLEM
3
Many household electrical items such as cookers can easily be scored and
assessed in terms of energy rating.
A lighting installation is made up of a range of components and equipment
that have differing energy consumptions and optical and operational
controls
Public lighting installations are lit based upon the:
Lighting class required
Authority policy
Applications of Standards
Range of light sources used
Efficiency of the luminaire
WHY HAVE A RATING?
4
Pr EN 13201-5:2013 outlines sound calculation principles for determining
key energy efficiency parameters
Power density, installation efficacy, and
Annual energy consumption indicator
How do we use them?
Their usefulness as a comparative tool for the full road design is evident;
but this standard alone does not lay out clear indication of a minimum
performance level to be achieved by the lighting design
Adoption of a road lighting design efficiency grading scale would be a
powerful tool
REINFORCEMENT
5
Pr EN 13201-5:2013: Part 5: Energy Performance indicators
Power Density Indicator (PDI) (Dp)
Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (AECI) (DE)
Seasonal variations of burning hours
Change in traffic densities / flows
REINFORCEMENT
6
System power
The area within the power density calculation must be the same as the
area used for the lighting calculation
Sum of the operational power of the light source(s) and associated
control gear / parasitic power
LIGHT SOURCES AND LUMINAIRES
7
A vast range of light source and luminaire technologies with various
performances
Indicator of overall energy efficiency of a luminaire is the luminaire efficacy
rating (LER)
A measure of total luminaire light output divided by the total luminaire
power input
HID sources show little significant variety in the performance levels, the
values shown here for any HID technologies are fairly indicative for any
make of lamp
LED luminaire models however, are packaged within a complete luminaire
and the range of efficacies available is substantial
HID AND LAMP SOURCES
8
Source Light Naturally 2014
LED LUMINAIRES
9
Source Light Naturally 2014
ENERGY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
10
Several countries have moved to establish minimum energy efficiency
performance requirements (MEPS) into their road lighting standards
The energy efficiency component is contingent on the road lighting design
first meeting relevant minimum illuminance / luminance requirements of the
road lighting category
The onus being the lighting designer to choose efficient technologies that in
conjunction with the luminaire optics provides a satisfactory lighting
distribution and satisfy the technical requirements
EU APPROACH
11
Pr EN 13201-5:2013 Performance requirements
The purpose of this standard is to define energy performance indicators for
road lighting installations using a calculated:
Power Density (D), and
A calculated Annual Energy Consumption Indicator (AECI)
Its scope is lamp technology neutral
SPAIN
12
ITC-EA-01 Regulation of energy efficient lighting exterior facilities
Performance standard has been enforced since 2009 by the Ministry of
Industry, Tourism and Trade via Royal Decree 1890/2008
Energy efficiency measures are enforced by setting a minimum limit for
outdoor lighting installation energy efficiency
SPAIN
13
Limit the maximum luminance values or average luminance in installations
due to the reference values.
It limits the light emission values that contribute to obtrusive lighting
aspects.
It demands a smart operational system so considers the application of
adaptive lighting approaches
NETHERLANDS
14
A voluntary initiative that defines levels of energy efficiency for energy
labels for public lighting installations with the intention of enabling
objectives for saving energy to be specified
The minimum performance levels outlined in EN 13201-2 must first be
shown to complied with
The energy labelling is based on the EU standard EN13201-5
Streetlight Energy Efficiency Criterion (SLEEC)
SLEEC = Power Density Indicator
RLE = Road Lighting Efficiency parameter
SLEEC
15
Practical values for the SLEEC standard were calculated for various types
of road, lighting class and mounting height to simplify choice of lighting
label
An upper limit was made in order to stimulate the market, set to 0.01
W/lux/m²
The lower limit (less efficient than level G) is 0.07 W/lux/m² for illuminance
based road lighting designs, and 10.5 W/(cd/m²)/m² for luminance based
designs
SLEEC
16
The merit of using a rating system rather than a single MEPS level is that it
affords much opportunity for comparison of lighting solutions and
incremental improvement
There will be sections of road that have greater lighting demand such as at:
Conflict areas and
Pedestrian crossings
It will be the case that the illuminance levels for these areas must first be
satisfied as stipulated
SLEEC
17
It may be that for a given stretch of road, it might not be possible to achieve
better than a ‘D’ rating, irrespective of lamp technology and luminaire type
Under lit roads should be noted as such and not assigned a rating
A clear energy rating comparison between lighting solutions
AUSTRALIA
18
Greenlight Australia initiative in 2005
Australian Government commissioned a review of energy efficiency of road
lighting in Australia
The objective of the report was to develop measures aimed at removing
inefficient practices
Road Lighting Efficiency parameter
LOOKING FORWARD
19
The A - G rating scale used in the Netherlands shows a clear comparative
resolution between road designs offers a good street light design energy
efficiency comparison
It is not possible to directly compare luminaire product performance levels
to installation efficiency
It is possible to have a luminaire of exceptionally high efficacy, but still not
achieve the highest overall energy savings once this luminaire has been
deployed into a compliant road lighting design
ADAPTIVE LIGHTING
20
If a public lighting installation is dimmable, a separate dimming label might
be used to indicate dimmability
Account for adjustment in output and/or power consumption on the second
label. The second label can specify how much more economical the
installation would become as a result of dimming.
BENEFITS
21
Minimum Efficiency Performance (MEP) requirements for luminaires will
provide a simple method for ensuring that energy is not wasted on
inefficient products
A design energy classification scale would encourage energy efficient
practice in road lighting
Allowing a degree of flexibility of designers of these installations.
DRIVERS
22
MEPS levels remain technology-neutral
Provides industry with opportunity and incentive to conduct R&D on
application appropriate technology solutions
A diversity of products possibly with other superior light technical
parameters
European generic classification system for energy efficiency (A+++ to G)
ROAD LIGHTING EFFICIENCY REPORT
23
Proposed road lighting design energy efficiency report
Unique site identifiers
A+++ to G Rating
Dimave (default is 100%)
Road lighting classification justifications and associated dimming
schedule
Lamp types and associated lamp efficacies
Key design parameters
- Lamp / source Lumen Maintenance Factor (LLMF)
- Life of lamp / source at assigned LLMF
ROAD LIGHTING EFFICIENCY REPORT
24
EU GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
25
GPP for street lighting and traffic lights
Looks to apply SLEEC
SE = P / (Eh.av * A) W/(lx m2)
SL = P / (Lav * A) W/(cd/m2)
References the Netherlands work
APPLYING A RATING
26
Consider the designed / real average illuminance or luminance
Look to the lower limit of the lighting class applied
Normalised SLEEC
Any measure of over lighting based upon lighting class will result in a
higher SLEEC value and hence a lower energy rating
Under lit roads should be noted as such and not assigned a rating
APPLYING A RATING
27
Lamp type &
wattage
Av luminance
(cd/m2)
Target SL W/(cd/m2) SLEEC
label
Norm SL
W/(cd/m2)
Norm
SLEEC
label
Class Luminance
MH 45W 0.89 ME4a 0.75 0.551 D 0.523 C
MH 90W 2.07 ME1 2 0.455 C 0.337 C
HPS 100W 2 ME1 2 0.407 C 0.326 B
HPS 250W 2.38 ME3b 1 0.331 B 0.631 D
SUMMARY
28
Minimum efficiency performance requirements for luminaires will provide a
simple method of ensuring that energy is not wasted on inefficient products
Allows a degree of flexibility to designers
The merit of using a rating system rather than a single Minimum Energy
Performance (MEPS) level is that it affords more opportunity for
comparison of lighting solutions and incremental improvement
Authorities will have the power to indicate the minimum energy efficiency
level at which they wish a project be designed, providing impetus for faster
improvement in the energy efficiency of luminaires
SUMMARY
29
Achieving a minimum design efficacy is a secondary priority to ensuring
that the roadway is lit in compliance with safe minimum lighting levels
SLEEC approach can be applied in the determination of energy
performance within Lighting Value Management Models
A D rating may currently be the best for a road type, encourages ongoing
technology development
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Promoting sustainable lighting
@illuminator_42