please read this entire packet before beginning! biology 2015 .pdf · name: _____ scientific method...
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Honors Biology Name: _______________________________________________ Summer Work Due on the first day of school! PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE PACKET BEFORE BEGINNING!
Welcome to Honors Biology! In order to be successful in this course it is essential that you are proficient with certain background skills and familiar with certain topics. This summer assignment will involve reviewing material related to such skills and topics. This assignment is due on the first day of class, and you will be assessed on this material early in the school year. It is recommended that anyone who does not perform at a ‘B’ level or higher on the assessment change from Honors Biology to Biology, as starting with gaps never ends well in the faster-paced course. In addition to reviewing some basic skills you will read and take notes on the chapters that will make up Unit I of the course. You will be reading from an online textbook; it is NOT necessary to sign out the textbook over the summer. It is strongly recommended that you complete the reading assignment first, as some of the skills you will be working on in the other portion of the assignment are reviewed in the first chapter. The reading assignment is outlined on the following page.
Materials for Fall In the past students and their parents have indicated that it would be helpful to know what class materials are required prior to the first day of school. So, I am including that information here.
• 1 roll of paper towels • 1 new bound composition book (see image to the right for example)
for lab work. Do not enter anything in this book yet. We will set it up together in class.
• 1 pack of 3 x 5 index cards (100) • Book cover • Lab fee ($15.50 paid online) • Standard supplies used for all classes including paper, pens, pencils, etc. • A binder and calculator (the same one used for math is fine) are highly recommended
Reading Assignment
YOU DO NOT NEED YOUR TEXTBOOK OVER THE SUMMER IN ORDER TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT!!!
1) Sign up for Honors Biology on Blackboard.
a. At the time that summer assignments were due the master schedule had not been finished. Thus, at the time this assignment was written it was uncertain who would be teaching the course.
b. Sign up for the class on Blackboard with Miss Peoples to access the summer assignment, even if you find out that you will have a different teacher in the fall.
2) Once on Blackboard go to the ‘Assignments’ tab. Select the ‘Summer Assignments’ folder. There you will see ‘CK-‐12 Flexbook Chapters 1-‐2’. The attachment includes both chapters of assigned reading. Read and take notes (as described below) on all sections. Answer the review questions at the end of each section. Include these with your reading notes.
How to read for understanding and take good reading notes:
When you read from a textbook -‐paper or online-‐ you should work to understand the straightforward material. This will not likely happen from reading through it once, which is why you are to take reading notes. The notes become your study guide so that you do not need to repeatedly read the chapter to study and master the basic information. This will also help you to keep focused, as it actively engages you in the reading.
As you complete assigned reading you should minimize distractions. Turn off your phone and sign off of all social media. Constant disruptions break your focus, making it difficult to comprehend what you are reading. If you have ever finished reading something and realized you had no idea what you just read, it was because you were not focused. Unfocused reading is a waste of time. Focused reading will lead to learning.
Periodically question yourself. At the end of each section ask yourself what you just read. If you have no idea, focus and read it again. Do not skip or gloss over examples, illustrations, and focus boxes. These items are embedded to help you understand what you are reading, so take time to process the information presented. The primary text presents the information, but these other things help you to make sense of it.
Keep your goal in mind. Your goal is to create a useful study guide for each chapter. It can be as long or as short as necessary for your needs. The bare minimum would consist of a brief summary statement for each section and solutions to all review / self-‐check exercises. (In the online chapters that you will read they are review questions at the end of each section.) Good reading notes generally include definitions, formulas, key concepts, solutions to practice exercises, and questions that you have. If any lists and/or summaries are presented in the chapter, you may wish to include those. However, if you already know some of the material well, then it is not necessary to write down that material. Your reading notes should have a title, typically the chapter title, so that you can easily find them. Each section heading should be included so that you can easily find particular pieces of information.
Basic Skills Prior to this year you should have studied the scientific method, experimental design, graphing, the metric system, and some basic chemistry. These are the topics that you will review and explore through the summer assignment to ensure a strong start to the school year. The following nine pages consist of several worksheets that you are to print, complete, and bring to class on the first day of school. The final page is a periodic table that you can use to complete the final worksheet. If you need assistance with the remaining worksheets refer to the reading assignment and/or reputable websites. A few of the worksheets may require additional clarification as follows:
1. Scientific Method in Action • Answer all questions in the space provided or on separate paper
2. Scientific Method - Manipulated and Responding Variables • Answer all questions in the space provided or on separate paper
3. Interpreting Graphs • Answer all questions in the space provided
4. Graphing Practice • Answer all questions in the space provided • For number five survey friends and/or family. Survey at least ten individuals.
5. Metric Conversions • Answer all questions in the space provided • Use the ladder if needed for now. However, know that ultimately you will be
expected to complete such conversions without such an aid. 6. Bonding Basics
• Answer all questions in the space provided • Oxidation number refers to the charge the ion will have • You do not need to complete the challenge problem at the end of this worksheet
Name: _____________________________________________
Scientific Method In ActionThe Strange Case of BeriBeri
In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. Thedisease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite,victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused bybacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi.The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were notinjected with bacteria.
One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all thechickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fedpolished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that polished ricelacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health.
1. State the Problem
2. What was the hypothesis?
3. How was the hypothesis tested?
4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?
5. What should be the new hypothesis and how would you test it?
How Penicillin Was Discovered
In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a moldcalled Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteriathat had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present.
Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate thissubstance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solutioncontained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Flemingthen added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria diedwhich was later used to develop antibiotics used to treat a variety of diseases.
6. Identify the problem.
7. What was Fleming's hypothesis?
8. How was the hypothesis tested?
9. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?
10. This experiment lead to the development of what major medical advancement?
Recommended for you
Name:_____________________________________________ Date:_________
Scientific Method - Manipulated and Responding VariablesJordan is doing a science fair project on the effects of music on the growth of tomatoes. Hehas two tomato plants, Plant A and Plant B, that he grows in a window and gives the sameamount of water. Plant A is exposed to classical music using headphones attached to thesoil. Throughout the growth period, Jordan counts the number of tomatoes produced by eachplant.
Plant A = 35 Tomatoes | Plant B = 55 Tomatoes
1) What is the control group?
2) What is the manipulated variable?
3) What is the responding variable?
4) What should Jordan’s conclusion be? Write this in a complete sentence!
5) Jordan needs to repeat the experiment, but his teacher says that he needs to improve his design. In his secondexperiment, what should he do different.
In the same science fair, Tina asks the question “Does caffeine increase the heart rate of an earthworm?” In Test1, she measures the heart rate by looking at the earthworm under a microscopes, the earthworm has a heart rateof 50 bpm (beats per minute). In Test 2, she places a few drops of caffeine on the earthworm’s skin and measuresthe rate again. In this test, the heart rate is 68 bpm.
6) What is the manipulated variable in this experiment?
7) What is the responding variable in this experiment?
8) Tina’s experiment should have included a hypothesis. In a complete sentence, suggest a hypothesis for Tina’sexperiment.
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Name: ____________________________________
a) What class has the highest enrollment?______________________________b) How many students are enrolled inChemistry? _____c) How many are enrolled in Anatomy? ____
d. Which course is the least popular?
Interpreting Graphs1. Mr. M’s class grades were graphed as a pie graph. Based on this graph:
a) The largest percentage of students received what grade? ________ b) Estimate what percentage of the class received a B. ___________c) Estimate what percentage of the class received an A. ___________d ) Based on the graph, do you think Mr. M’s class is hard? Why or why not?
2. The scatter plot shows a bus stop where those waiting at the busare plotted by their height and by their age. Identify which dot goeswith which passenger.
1) _____________________2) _____________________3) _____________________4) _____________________5) _____________________6) _____________________7) _____________________
3. The bar graph compares the number of students enrolled in classes.
4. This line graph compares the growth of plants that were kept in the sun for different amounts of time.
a) On Day 7, the plants kept in the sun for 3 hours were how tall? _________b) On Day 7, the plants kept in the sun for 6 hours were how tall? _________c) On Day 10, the plants kept in the sun for 9 hours were how tall? ________d) On Day 11, the plant that was grown with 1 hour of sunlight was how tall? ________e) Based on the graph, the plant grows best in what amount of sunlight? __________
5. The line graph shows the number of worms collected and theirlengths.
a) What length of worm is most common? _____________b) What was the longest worm found?_______c) How many worms were 6 cm long? _______d) How many worms were 7.25 cm long?_______e) The peak of the curve represents the [ longest worms / average worms ]
Recommended for you
Blue ________________Red ________________Green _______________Yellow _______________Purple _______________Pink ________________Orange _______________
Name ___________________________________Date:_______
Graphing Practice
1. A class survey revealed that out of 30 students, 13 listed their favorite lunch item as pizza,9 chose cheeeseburgers, 6 picked lasagna, and 2 chose tacos.
Label the pie graph
2. Jamie bought a new video game and decided to keep track of his scores.
Try 1 – 150 pts Try 2 – 190 ptsTry 3 – 500 pts Try 4 – 900 ptsTry 5 – 1100 pts Try 6 – 1500 pts
Create a graph of Jamie’s progress. Put the “trys” on the X axis
3. Jamie’s friend, Josie tries out the same game.
Try 1 – 100 pts Try 2 – 500 ptsTry 3 – 900 pts Try 4 – 1100 ptsTry 5 – 1400 pts Try 6 -- 1500 pts
Use the same graph and draw an another line to represent Josie’s scores – Label each line as Jamie or Josie.
4. Based on your graph, who is the better player? Justify your answer.
5. Take a class survey about favorite colors. Find out what your classmates’ favorite colors are using the list below. Createa bar graph that is color coded that compares the class choices
T. Trimpe 2000 http://sciencespot.net/
Name_________________________
Metric Conversions Fill in the boxes in the stair step diagram.
Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
1000 mg = _______ g 1 L = _______ mL 160 cm = _______ mm
14 km = _______ m 109 g = _______ kg 250 m = _______ km Compare using <, >, or =.
56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg
T. Trimpe 2000 http://sciencespot.net/
Name_________________________
Metric Conversions Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit.
1) Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____
2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____
3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____ Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ mL 20) 16 cm = _______ mm
11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km
12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 mL = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg
13) 5.6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6.3 cm = _____ mm
14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5.6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g Compare using <, >, or =.
25) 63 cm 6 m 27) 5 g 508 mg 29) 1,500 mL 1.5 L
26) 536 cm 53.6 dm 28) 43 mg 5 g 30) 3.6 m 36 cm
T. Trimpe & L. Bogner 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Bonding Basics Name _______________________
Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.
Element Atomic Symbol Total # of
Electrons
# of Valence
Electrons
# of Electrons
Gained or Lost
Oxidation
Number
Chlorine
Potassium
Magnesium
Fluorine
Aluminum
Sodium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Iodine
Answer these questions:
An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge.
An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge.
An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ____________.
A positive ion is called a ______________ and a negative ion is called an _______________.
Section B: What is an ionic bond?
Atoms will transfer one or more ______________________ to another to form the bond.
Each atom is left with a ______________________ outer shell.
An ionic bond forms between a _______________ ion with a positive charge and a __________________ ion with a negative charge.
Example B1: Sodium + Chlorine Example B2: Magnesium + Iodine
T. Trimpe & L. Bogner 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Example B3: Potassium + Iodine Example B4: Sodium + Oxygen
Example B5: Calcium + Chlorine Example B6: Aluminum + Chlorine
Section C: What is a covalent bond?
Atoms ______________________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond.
Each atom is left with a ______________________ outer shell.
A covalent bond forms between two ______________________.
Example C1: Hydrogen + Hydrogen Example C2: 2 Hydrogen + Oxygen
Example C3: Chlorine + Chlorine Example C4: Oxygen + Oxygen
Example C5: Carbon + 2 Oxygen Example C6: Carbon + 4 Hydrogen
Challenge: What are some other ionic or covalent bonds that can be formed by the elements you see? Write the
chemical formula for the compound and its name on a separate piece of paper and attach to this page.
The
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4
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54.9
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