please circle 73 on reader service card · hoisting a qualified arborist by mark adams higher...

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TREE CARE INDUSTRY – MARCH 2007

When you start a journey to make great change, you don’t alwaysknow what it’s going to look like. What you are committed to ismaking things better, to staying committed with the utmost cer-

tainty that if you don’t alter the course, you’re not just going to get whatyou’ve always gotten, but in fact, staying in place results in back-sliding.

That’s what TCIA did when we jumped off the cliff four years ago to beginworking on the Transformation of the Industry. What we knew from interacting with our members wasthat they confirmed they still had the same problems they had had 20 or 30 years ago. What we com-mitted to was trying together to alter the course and make things better for individual arborists, for treecare companies, and for an industry. We had no idea if it would work, but we knew that to not try wasto let the industry down.

We charted out a course, realized that we were actually going to be asking “the choir” to be the firstpeople to make the changes and that we couldn’t force the industry to do anything. What we havelearned is that this industry was made up of exactly the solid stuff that we thought was out there.Overwhelmingly, this industry has stepped up to the plate in the last 36 months to embrace what hasbeen a very fast change. We are approaching having a large solid core of both small and large compa-nies accredited. Insurance companies are beginning to take note of that. External organizations like theBetter Business Bureau Council and the National Safety Council have supported us. The Voice for Treespolitical action committee and our members’ participation in building a Voice in Washington has raisedour prominence and our ability to get things done. The membership has heeded the call to create a cul-ture of safety in every company and droves of people are signing up to earn their Certified TreecareSafety Professional credential. Other organizations desire to partner with us in even more creative wayslike the SUFC, PLANET, ASCA, ISA, ANLA, and on and on. Our Associate members have partneredwith us in new ways that have enhanced our capacity to create a Transformation.

What I want you to notice is that once you start doing things; trying new ways to make a difference,if you have tapped into it, what happens is a flood. I called my coach at one point reeling off so manythings that had come to us without our seeking it and probably sounded terribly frazzled at trying to keepup with the volume of it all. She shrieked back with glee into the phone at me and said, “You’re inFLOOD!” My “Huh?” quickly followed. My learning moment was that when you jump off the cliff andintervene into the current moment with changes that create a new energy and direction; at some point itmoves into acceptance mode and is claimed by the very people you have been trying to help. Then, itall comes rushing back at you.

If you and your team are not prepared for it, it’s a bit like standing in front of a fire hydrant.Fortunately, we have a tremendously resilient team, and we were able to survive the first flood cycle.Now, we know to expect floods and prepare for them a little differently. The tide is rising again for TCIAnow. We have more opportunities staring us in the face that can take the Transformation to the next levelthan we could ever have dreamed of four years ago.

So as you plan out your changes for the year, depending on how grand they are, this is your fair warn-ing – prepare for the flood! You may crack the flood gates a bit, but the more successful you are atcreating the change you’ve dreamed of, the better your plans in advance need to be ...

... When the flood gates open!

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Cynthia Mills, CAE, CMCPublisher

Opening the Flood Gates…Outlook

TCI's mission is to engage and enlighten readers with the latest industry news and information on regulations, standards, prac-tices, safety, innovations, products and equipment. We strive to serve as the definitive resource for commercial, residential,municipal and utility arborists, as well as for others involved in the care and maintenance of trees. The official publication of thenon-profit Tree Care Industry Association, we vow to sustain the same uncompromising standards of excellence as our membersin the field, who adhere to the highest professional practices worldwide.

Tree Care Industry

Publisher

Cynthia Mills, CAE, CMC

Editor

Mark Garvin

Managing Editor

Don Staruk

Technical Editor

Peter Gerstenberger

Art Director

Richard May

Advertising Sales

Sachin Mohan(516) 625-1613

Classified Advertising

Suzanne Blanchette(603) 314-5380

Accounting/Editorial/Sales Offices

3 Perimeter Road, Unit 1Manchester, NH 03103Phone: (603) 314-5380Fax: (603) 314-5386

E-mail: [email protected]

Circulation

TCI, PO Box 15907 North Hollywood, CA 91615-5907

Fax: (603) 314-5386

Tree Care Industry Association

Officers & Directors

Jeanne Houser, ChairMcFarland Landscape Services, Inc.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Scott Packard, Vice ChairWright Tree ServiceDes Moines, Iowa

Terrill Collier, Senior DirectorCollier Arbor CareClackamas, Oregon

Randy J. OwenOwen Tree Service, Inc.

Attica, Michigan

Tony GannAltec Industries, Inc.

Saint Joseph, Missouri

Erich SchneiderSchneider Tree Care

Taylors, South Carolina

Ron KeithArbor Masters Tree & Landscape

Shawnee, Kansas

Benjamin G. Tresselt, IIIArborist Enterprises, Inc.Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Will MaleyCedar Lawn Tree Service, Inc.

Ashland, Massachusetts

Steve SylvesterS&S Tree & Horticultural Specialists, Inc.

South St. Paul, Minnesota

The Official Publication of the Tree Care Industry AssociationTree Care Industry Volume XVIII Number 3

MARCH

The Latest in Oak Wilt ManagementBy David N. Appel

Maryland OSHA Initiative Pushes Training OverPunishmentBy David Rattigan

Compact and Mini Loaders Pack a Lot of MuscleBy Rick Howland

Crane Best Practices in Tree Removal: Hoisting a Qualified ArboristBy Mark Adams

Higher Education Can Help Us All Climb HigherBy Guy Meilleur

Arboriculture, Urban Forestry and Forestry DegreePrograms in U.S. Colleges & Universities

OutlookBy Cynthia MillsOnce you start trying new ways to make a difference, intervening withchanges that create a new energy and direction, what can happen is aflood. Be prepared.

Cutting EdgeNew products and services, and news in the tree care industry.

Features

Departments

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(Continued on page 6)

4 TREE CARE INDUSTRY – MARCH 2007

Copyright 2007 by the Tree Care Industry Association. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. The Tree Care Industry Association is dedicated to the advancement of commercial tree care businesses. Reference to commercial products or brand names in editorial does not constitute an endorsement by Tree Care Industry magazine or the Tree Care Industry Association. TreeCare Industry (ISSN 1059-0528) is published monthly by the Tree Care Industry Association, 3 Perimeter Road, Unit 1, Manchester, NH 03103. Subscriptions $30 per year (Canadian/International orders $45 per year, U.S. funds; $2.50 per singlecopy). Periodicals postage paid at Manchester, N.H., and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Tree Care Industry, PO Box 15907, North Hollywood, CA 91615-5907.

Oak Wilt Management

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Compact Loaders

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The Official Publication of the Tree Care Industry AssociationTree Care Industry Volume XVIII Number 3

MARCH

Industry AlmanacImportant regional and national meetings and activities.

Letters

TREE FundMutual benefits of the charitable-gift annuity.

Standards & RegulationsThis draft of the revised ANSI A300 Pruning standard is available forpublic review through March 26.

Classified Advertising

Washington in ReviewOSHA’s five most common citations for tree care companies.

Accident Briefs

TCIA ReporterSafety and training products, news, commentary and benefits of mem-bership with the TCIA

Tree News

Advertiser Listing

From the FieldBy Charles PfingstenIf you are injured, could your business survive?

Departments

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Crane Best Practices

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Special: Arboriculture & UrbanForestry degree programs

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The successful treatment of any treedisease depends on an understand-ing of certain facts concerning the

causal agent and the conditions allowingthe disease to develop. The control of oakwilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystisfagacearum, is no exception. Since firstdescribed in Wisconsin in 1941, researchhas revealed many of the important factorsabout this destructive pathogen that areneeded to successfully prevent the diseaseand treat infected trees. These factorsinclude how the pathogen spreads and howvarious species of oaks in the genusQuercus respond to the pathogen. Both ofthese factors closely influence each other,depending on where the disease is occur-ring within the oak wilt range.

C. fagacearum spreads in two ways.

There are several effective control meas-ures directed toward preventing each ofthem. The first is by insects, but only thosewith the ability to acquire the fungus froma diseased tree and deposit it in the properplace on a healthy tree. Only certain insectsmeet those criteria – the sap feedingnitidulid beetles. These tiny beetles areattracted to sweet smelling, fungal matsthat are formed by the pathogen under thebark of dying oaks. Upon emerging fromthe mats as adults, the nitidulids carryspores of the fungus to the only place on ahealthy tree where an infection can occur.That place is a fresh wound made 72 hoursor less prior to arrival of the contaminatedbeetle. This type of insect transmission isresponsible for overland transmission ofthe fungus and starting infections at newlocations in healthy stands of trees. Due to

the necessity for mat production and freshwounds, there are several measures thatcan be taken to prevent this type of longdistance spread.

The second type of spread is responsiblefor a far greater number of trees beingkilled by oak wilt. This type is spreadthrough functional root connections grow-ing between and among adjacent trees.These root connections may arise fromgrafting of roots on one tree with those ofthe same species on an adjacent tree, orthrough the propagation of root sproutsgrowing from the same root system.Regardless of the origin, root connectionsprovide an efficient mechanism for the vas-cular pathogen to grow from one tree to thenext. This type of spread causes the famil-iar patch, or “center,” of dead and dying

A typical patch of oak wilt in a mixed liveoak/Texas red oak stand on a hillside inCentral Texas.

By David N. Appel

trees typical of oak wilt in a stand of sus-ceptible trees. Controlling the local spreadof C. fagacearum through root connectionsis an essential part of a comprehensivemanagement program.

The first step in the control of any treedisease is proper diagnosis. For oak wilt,recognizing the disease requires a thoroughunderstanding of the different types of oaksand how they respond to infection. Oakscan be divided into at least two groups,based on the anatomies of the flowers, vas-cular tissues, and foliage, as well as theways acorns mature.

One of these groups, the red oaks, isextremely susceptible to infection by C.fagacearum. Red oaks such as shumardoak, northern red oak, pin oak and black-jack oak, die within a few weeks of the firstappearance of symptoms and never survivefor any significant length of time. Theyusually defoliate rapidly. The leaves eitherturn a uniform shade of “bronze” or dullishgreen, or they develop a brown discol-oration at the tips and margins.

The second group, the white oaks, isextremely resistance to oak wilt and rarelyexhibits any degree of dieback, althoughsome may die over a period of severalyears. Representative white oaks includepost oak, white oak, and bur oak. Leaveson infected white oaks resemble those oninfected red oak.

Another difference in the responsebetween red and white oaks to infection byC. fagacearum has to do with the produc-tion of the fungal mats needed by nitidulidsto spread spores to infect new trees. Fungalmats only form on the red oaks, primarilyin the spring or summer, depending onwhere in the oak wilt range they are grow-ing. Mat production requires cool, moistconditions and the tree must be in anadvanced stage of disease development,just prior to death. Mats are most common-ly found in the spring on trees infected theprevious summer.

In Texas, a great deal of oak wiltoccurs in semi-deciduous live oaks. Theresponse of live oaks differs in manyrespects from that of the deciduous oaks.

Although they are placed by many taxon-omists in the white oak group, about 80percent to 90 percent of infected liveoaks die of oak wilt within one to twoyears of infection. The remaining liveoaks survive indefinitely with varyingdegrees of crown loss, making themintermediate between the red oaks andwhite oaks in susceptibility to oak wilt.

The symptomatic foliage on an infectedlive oak can be very distinct. Leaves mayhave yellow and/or brown veins on a greenbackground, called veinal necrosis. Veinalnecrosis is a reliable diagnostic symptomfor oak wilt in live oak, but many varia-tions on the pattern may occur so thatsometimes foliar symptoms alone are unre-liable. In these cases, it may be useful toobtain proper samples from the tree forsubmission to a plant diagnostic laboratorywhere attempts can be made to isolate andidentify the pathogen.

Given this information about oak wiltbiology, many of the oak wilt control meth-ods are straightforward and simple toimplement. Others probably require morebackground information and details far

more numerous than can be supplied in thisbrief article. All of the measures can begrouped according to whether they preventinfections or whether they are applied toexisting disease centers.

Prevention

Destroy infected trees – Since the fungalspore mats are the ultimate source of newinfections, then any measures taken toremove and destroy infected trees, and par-ticularly infected red oaks, is a usefulmeasure. Debarking, chipping, buryingand burning will all effectively destroy thefungus and prevent mat production.

Cover firewood – Treat firewood withcaution. Fungal spore mats may form onlarge limbs and branches even when cut forfirewood. Therefore, if firewood is suspect,then it should be covered with clear plasticwith the edges buried to prevent nitidulidbeetles from emerging and flying towounded, healthy trees. All firewoodshould be burned before spring. Note:burning kills the fungus so that there is nothreat of spreading oak wilt in the smoke ofcontaminated firewood.

TREE CARE INDUSTRY – MARCH 2007 9

The distinct veinal necrosis symptom on live oak.

Treat wounds – Avoid wounding andtreat wounds, particularly during thespring. Since fungal mats occur mostly inthe spring, and oak trees are most suscepti-

ble to infection the spring, this controlmeasure is most important during springand early summer. Any type of wound,including pruning wounds, should be treat-

ed with caution in areas with a known his-tory of oak wilt. In these cases, the use ofwound paints and dressings is warranted,even though they are not effective againstother problems such as discoloration anddecay. This also pertains to unavoidablewounds such as storm damage, but is onlyeffective if the wounds are treated within afew hours after the wound occurs.

Treating existing infections

Cutting roots

Break root connections between diseasedand healthy trees. Any type of equipment,including vibratory plows, earth saws, orback hoes can be used to prevent the fungusfrom passing through roots connectingtrees, as long as they completely cut all ofthem. There are two factors that need to beconsidered when selecting equipment andplacing the trench. First, the trench must bedeep enough to get all or most of the roots.



This range map, put together by the U.S. Forest Service, shows the areas of oak wilt throughout the United States.

Local conditions, particularly soil type, willdictate choices on machinery and depth, butmost recommendations range from 4 to 5feet deep. Placing a trench properly

depends on reliable identification of symp-toms and a working knowledge of the ratesand directions of potential fungal spread.The fungus may be colonizing a tree that is

not yet showing symptoms, so the trenchmust be located to contain the pathogen onthe inside of the trench. The effectiveness ofthe trench can be enhanced by removing



This is a rock saw used in Texas to cut through the rocky soil.

trees, including pushing stumps, on dis-eased side of the trench. This furtherdisrupts root systems and promotes thedeath of roots containing the pathogen.

Injection

Injection of trees with fungicides may beeffective preventing infections, and insome cases may even save trees in the early

stages of colonization by the pathogen.However, only trees in imminent threat ofinfection, adjacent to an expanding oakwilt center, should be considered for injec-tion. There are several fungicides labeledfor injection of oaks threatened by oak wilt,many of which contain the active ingredi-ent propiconazole. Research has shown



An oak being injected for oak wilt in Texas. All images courtesy of David Appel.

There are also otherfungicides and alterna-tive injection techniqueswith the promise to beuseful in preservingthreatened trees. Itshould be noted thatinjections do not preventspread of the pathogenthrough root systems.


that this fungicide, when injected into theroot flares of trees using a high-volume,macroinjection technique, is effective inpreventing crown loss. There are also otherfungicides and alternative injection tech-niques with the promise to be useful inpreserving threatened trees. It should benoted that injections do not prevent spreadof the pathogen through root systems.

Although some of these measures mayseem simple, others might require theadvice of an expert such as a trained treepathologist, urban forester, or certifiedarborist. Research over the years has pro-vided valuable information on how to dealwith oak wilt, and, when combined withexperience, can improve the chances ofsuccessfully saving trees from this destruc-tive disease.

Another excellent source of informationcan be found on the Web site http://texas-oakwilt.org/. In addition to the availabilityof vast resources there, you will find infor-mation on the upcoming National Oak WiltSymposium to be held in Austin, Texas,June 5-6, 2007. This symposium will hostmore than 25 experts on oak wilt, speakingon scientific and practical aspects of C.fagacearum and the disease it causes.

It is likely that oak wilt will continue to

be a disease of great interest in the U.S. andit is important that we continue to studyand monitor this aggressive pathogen.

David Appel is proffesor and associatehead for extension in the Department ofPlant Pathology and Microbiology at TexasA&M Unversity. His research program hasinvolved the epidemiology and control ofoak wilt and other important plant diseasesin Texas. He will be among the manyexperts making presentations in Austin forthe Oak Wilt Symposium, with an emphasison the biology of the the oak wilt pathogenand how it is dealt with in Texas.

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The National Oak WiltSymposium in Austin,Texas, June 5-6, 2007,will host more than 25experts on oak wilt,speaking on scientificand practical aspects ofC. fagacearum and thedisease it causes. Formore information, visithttp://texasoakwilt.org/


Ooze Tube irrigation systemEngineered Watering Solutions’

new Ooze Tube system efficientlyirrigates both newly planted nurserystock and relocated specimens.Available in capacities ranging from15 to 45 gallons, Ooze Tubes may bejoined together to encircle the outerperiphery of any size root ball – three25 gallon Ooze Tubes joined togetherform a “donut” 9 feet in diameter.

By selecting different emitter configurations, the user can easily “dial in” drip timesranging from a few days to over a month and place the drip points at any desired location. If root-fed chemicals are used, the slow release rates enable very efficientuptake rates. Contact Engineered Watering Solutions at 1-800-951-8123 or visitwww.engineereedwatering.com.

Cutting Edge - Products





Camb Guards for tree plantingCamb Guards are one solution to the torture of

wire in a hose. Made from scrap recycled rubber,they are broad, belt-like and flexible. Camb Guardsdo the least injury to cambium zone. They allow thetree to sway, as opposed to the stiff wire in a hose,thus building calcium in the cell walls. The 1.5 inchversion is designed for bare root plantings. Easy toinstall. Contact Magnetics Plus Keslick, a divisionof Son Modern Arboriculture, at (610) 696-5353 orvia http://mercury.ccil.org/~treeman/camb.

John Deere PowerTechE engines

John DeerePower SystemsTier 3/Stage IIIA certifiedPowerTech Efamily of off-highway dieselengines offerimproved performanceover their Tier 2/Stage IIcounterparts. The PowerTech E enginelineup includes four displacement options:the 6.8L offers a power range of 104 kW to149 kW (140-200 hp); the 4.5L, 63 kW to104 kW (85-140 hp); the 3.0L, 48 kW to 74kW (65-99 hp); the 2.4L, 45 kW to 60 kW(60-80 hp). JDPS has been in productionwith the PowerTech E 6.8L and 4.5L sincesummer 2006; full production ofPowerTech E 3.0L and 2.4L is set to followin summer 2007, months in advance of theU.S. EPA and European Union emissionsregulations affecting engines below 75 kW.Both the EPA and the EU have certified thePowerTech E 6.8L and 4.5L engines. ThePowerTech E engines come with manyperformance characteristics that are betterthan those of their Tier 2/Stage II counter-parts. They boast the same or higher peaktorque, more low-speed torque, better tran-sient-response time and excellent fueleconomy. Their full-authority electroniccontrols enable them to offer improvedcold-start performance, precise engine-speed control and torque-curve shaping.Electronic controls increase productivity,lower total installed costs and reduce own-ership costs. Initial results indicate thatPowerTech E engines are as fuel efficientas their Tier 2/Stage II counterparts and, insome cases, use less fuel than many com-petitors’Tier 3/Stage III A engines. ContactJohn Deere Power at 1-800-533-6446 orvia www.JohnDeere.com.

JP Carlton 1260 6-inch disk-style chipperJP Carlton recently introduced the 1260 6-inch disk

style wood chipper, designed for small to medium takedowns. The Carlton 1260 features a 12-inch by 6-inch

throat opening for easy feeding of large branches,dual top and bottom feed rollers that aggressivelypull in material, and high-torque dual-feed motorsproviding the most in-feed power in its class. Thechipper is operator friendly with a digitally con-

trolled auto-feed system that stops and feedsmaterial based on parameters set by the operator.

The unit also features a swivel discharge allowing the operator to fill chip trucks from cor-ner to corner. Easy towing features include an adjustable-height hitch and LED taillights.The chipper is very durable with high capacity axle and tires, a heavy duty frame coated inImron paint, concealed wiring, and integrated manifold hydraulics. Contact JP Carlton at1-864-578-9335/1-800-243-9335 or via www.stumpcutters.com.

E-mail your Cutting Edge items [email protected]



Magnatag white boardsWith dozens of cus-

tomers, a varying numberof seasonal workers andnumerous pieces of equip-ment to organize, businessowners can spend hourson logistics and schedul-ing the next day’s work.

Longer-term issues of scheduling equipment maintenance andsemi-regular tasks also require better planning tools.Magnatag Visible Systems has introduced several magneticwhiteboard systems to ease the burden on owners, managersand supervisors of tree care businesses. The WorkView DailyLine Item Service Schedule board system enables owners totrack workers, equipment and customer jobs for a month orseason. Magnatag’s tree care and landscape board systemsincludes all the magnets, tabs, cards, tape and other equipmentnecessary to track employees, equipment and customers.Other systems include the Do-Done Job Stage Tracker, The31-Day Crew Schedule board, and the Service RouteSchedule system. Contact Magnatag at 1-800 624-4154 or viawww.magnatag.com.

Teupen LEO 36TTeupen America recently delivered the first LEO 36T 120-

foot-reach spider lift in the U.S. to Snyder Tree Service inNewton, Mass. It is the largest spider lift in currentlyin use in tree care in North America, according toTeupen. Spider lifts are a fast, light and nimblegeneration lifts designed to replace buckettrucks, climbing gear, ladders and trailerlifts with one versatile lift. The LEO36T is equipped with a computer-ized management system thatkeeps operator and lift well inside a safe working envelope. Wirelessremote controls make this lift easy to use and operate. A powerfulhydraulic rubber-track drive system, equipped with patented individualvertical adjustments, allows this lift to drive off road, on steep grades,mud and snow, etc. Large surface tracks disperse weight, so the lift candrive on lawns with no damage. Oversized self-leveling outriggers auto-matically level lift on slopes with as much as a 30 percent grade. Thesame oversized outriggers double as a self loading feature, to load andoperate lift on an under CDL chassis. The LEO 36T is 62 inches wide, 78inches high, and 27 feet long, with a weight of 10,540 pounds. Basketcapacity is 440 pounds. Contact Teupen America at 1-800-944-5898 orvia www.spiderlifts.com

Please circle 195 on Reader Service CardPlease circle 194 on Reader Service Card


Bandit welcomes newregional sales manager

In an effort to expand sales and servicethroughout the nation, Bandit Industries

has introduced anew sales fieldrepresentative inBel Air, Maryland.Chad Cavolo wasrecently appointedMid-Atlantic largeequipment salesrepresentative.

A Timonium,Md., native,Cavolo has 12

years of experience in the forestry, landclearing, and site development industry.Prior to joining the Bandit sales team,Cavolo worked for a competiting companyfor six years.

Asplundh’s ArborMetricsSolutions hires Henry King

ArborMetrics Solutions, Inc. recentlyappointed Henry King as business develop-ment and corporate planning supervisor forthis new Asplundh subsidiary. King will beinvolved in the planning, development andimplementation of sustainable integrated

vegetation man-agement programsfor utilities.

King’s profes-sional experienceincludes workingas a business devel-oper in utility,commercial andresidential arbori-culture, amunicipal forester,

and a garden arborist for the South CarolinaBotanical Garden. King has a B.S. inNatural Resource Management fromWestern Carolina University in NorthCarolina and an M.S. in Forest Resources

with a concentration in Urban Forestry fromClemson University in South Carolina. Heis a Certified Arborist and a member of theISA and the Utility Arborist Association.

Rainbow names new salesand account managers

Rainbow Treecare ScientificAdvancements has named SteveThompson national sales manager and JimZwack national accounts manager.

Thompson, formerly of RainbowTreecare (the 31 year old commercial foun-dation for RTSA), assumed his new role inOctober 2006. “While on the tree care side,I really enjoyed my role of developing ourconsulting arborists and the marketingtools that supported them,” Thompsonsays. “In this new position I get to have asimilar impact with tree care companiesacross the country who appreciate ourproducts and the expertise we can bring.”Prior to his five years at Rainbow,Thompson held multiple managementpositions at Novartis Seeds, with years ofexperience in sales, distribution, market-ing, and production.

Zwack, an employee of RTSA since itsfounding in 1999, has held a variety of postsduring his tenure with the Minnesota com-pany. Having earned an undergraduatedegree in urban forestry (University ofMinnesota) and a master’s degree in treephysiology (Iowa State University), Zwackhas been instrumental in the developmentand communication of Rainbow’s protocolsfor products such as Arbotect, Alamo, andCambistat. At the center of Rainbow’s qual-ity assurance programs, he has consistentlyspoken before various green industry audi-ences across the U.S. and is well know forhis effective training programs before

national sales groups, regional distributors,and commercial, municipal and utility prac-titioners. He is vicechair of the TREEFund LiaisonCommittee andwas recent electedto the Society ofC o m m e r c i a lA r b o r i c u l t u r eBoard of Directors.In his new posi-tion, Mr. Zwackwill work directlywith majoraccounts across the U.S. while he continuesto support other important roles within thecompany. He lives in Plymouth, Minn.

Arborjet adds Davis as COOArborjet has added Russ Davis as chief

operating officer. Davis adds a new dimen-sion to Arborjet by combining his passionfor environmental management with hisa c c o m p l i s h e dbackground inengineering andinternational busi-ness. Prior toArborjet, Daviswas president of a$200 million divi-sion of ITTIndustries withbusiness opera-tions, facilities andgrounds in fivecountries. He has traveled extensively toover 30 countries to form partnerships andmanage offshore operations. While at ITT,his environmental stewardship was recog-nized when he was a recipient of thePresident’s Award for environmental sus-tainability. Davis has a bachelors degree inmechanical engineering, an MBA in inter-national management and he has studied atthe Ashridge Business School in the UnitedKingdom. He is a member of theMerrimack College Advisory Board and amember of the board of directors for amedical device firm in Indiana.

Cutting Edge - News

Chad Cavolo

Jim Zwack

Henry King

Send Cutting Edge Newsitems to:

[email protected]

Russ Davis

Events & Seminars

March 6-7, 2007MGIA’s 20th Annual Trade Show & Convention Rock Financial Show Place, Novi MIContact: (248) 646-4992

March 7-9, 2007Work Truck Show 2007Indianapolis, Indiana Contact: www.ntea.com

March 10, 2007Georgia Arborist Assoc ’07 Tree Climbing ChampionshipUnited Methodist Children's Home, Decatur, GAContact: (770) 554-2022; www.georgiaarborist.org

March 14-15, 2007Certified Treecare Safety Professional (CTSP) WorkshopHoliday Inn Countryside, Countryside, ILContact: TCIA (603) 314-5380; [email protected]

March 20-21, 2007Hazard Trees/Trees, People & the Law seminars National Arbor Day Foundation Milwaukee, WI Contact: www.arborday.org; 1-888-448-7337

March 20-21, 2007Certified Treecare Safety Professional (CTSP) WorkshopNew Brunswick, NJContact: TCIA (603) 314-5380; [email protected]

March 20-22, 2007Certified Pesticide Applicator or RegisteredTechnician (CARTS) trainingFarmington Hills, MIContact: MGIA (248) 646-4992

March 21-24, 2007ISA Southern Chapter ConferenceLittle Rock, ARContact: (336) 789-4747

March 21-25, 200722nd Annual San Francisco Flower & Garden Show Cow Palace, Daly City, CAContact: 1-800-569-2832; www.gardenshow.com

March 22-23, 2007NJAISA Garden State Tree ConferenceCook Campus Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJContact: www.njarborsitsisa.com

March 27-28, 2007Large Tree Climbing and RiggingRutgers Univ. Cont. Prof. Educ., New Brunswick, NJContact: (732) 932-9271 x625; www.cookce.rutgers.edu

March 27-29, 2007West Virginia Vegetation Mgt. Assoc. annual meetingStonewall Jackson State Park resort, Roanoke, WVContact: Mike Chedester (304) 234-3143;[email protected]

March 31, 2007Pruning ShrubsNew England Wild Flower Society courseGarden in the Woods, Framingham, MAContac: [email protected]; www.newfs.org

April 16-18, 2007Trees & Utilities National ConferenceNational Arbor Day FoundationTuscany Suites, Las Vegas, NVContact: www.arborday.org/TUconference1-888-448-7337

April 19-21, 2007Texas Tree Climbing Championship & WorkshopBob Woodruff Park, Plano TXContact Keith Brown, www.isatexas.com

May 1-2, 2007 Trees, People & the Law Symposium National Arbor Day Foundation Seattle, WA Contact: www.arborday.org/TPL; 1-888-448-7337

May 1-3, 2007TOCA Annual ConferenceSavannah, GAContact: www.toca.org

May 10-11, 2007Oak Wilt WorkshopISA Texas/Texas Forest ServiceTexas Extension Office. Dallas, TXContact: www.isatexas.com

May 16-17, 2007 Hazard Trees/Tree Planting & Establishment National Arbor Day Foundation Indianapolis, IN Contact: www.arborday.org/conferences; 888-448-7337

May 18, 2007The Art of Livable Landscapes symposiumNew England Wild Flower Society’s Garden in the WoodsCrowne Plaza Hotel, Natick, MA, and Garden in the Woods, Framingham, MAContact: [email protected]; www.newfs.org

May 18-19, 2007SAWLEX Sawmill & Logging ExpoColumbia, SCContact: (207) 799–1356; www.sawlex.com

May 21-22, 2007 Storms Over the Urban Forest, National ConferenceNational Arbor Day Foundation, Atlanta, GA Contact: www.arborday.org/conferences; 1-888-448-7337

June 5-7, 2007National Oak Wilt Symposium - Texas Chapter ISAAustin Hilton, Austin, TexasContact: Mike Walterscheidt, (512) 587-7515,[email protected]; www.trees-isa.org/events;www.isatexas.com

June 9-12, 2007Trees Florida 2007 Innisbrook Resort, Palm Harbor, FLContact: floridaisa.org

June 18-19, 2007 Urban Wildlife Management National ConferenceNational Arbor Day Foundation, Portland, OR Contact: www.arborday.org/conferences; 1-888-448-7337

July 15-17, 2007Green Industry Legislative ConferenceSponsored by TCIA and PLANETWashington, D.C.Contact: TCIA (603) 314-5380; www.tcia.org

July 21-24, 2007BOMA North American Real Estate Congress & TheOffice Building Show (Building Owners & Mgrs Assn)New York, NYwww.boma.org

October 10-12, 2007Texas Tree ConferenceWaco Convention Center, Waco Texas Contact: www.isatexas.com

November 8-10, 2007TCI EXPO 2007Connecticut Convention Center, Hartford, CTContact: Deb Cyr 1-800-733-2622; [email protected]; www.tcia.org

February 8-12, 2008U.S. Composting Council Annual Conf. & Trade Show Oakland Marriott City Center, Oakland, CAContact: www.compostingcouncil.org; (631) 737-4931

February 10-14, 2008Winter Management ConferenceTree Care Industry AssociationWestin Aruba Resort & Spa, ArubaContact: Deb Cyr 1-800-733-2622; [email protected];www.tcia.org

Industry Almanac

More almanac online!For the most up to date calendar information, visit

www.treecareindustry.org�� news�� industry calendar


Send your event information to:Tree Care Industry,

3 Perimeter Road, Unit 1,Manchester, NH 03103

or [email protected]

By David Rattigan

AMaryland initiative that pusheseducation over punishment as ameans of creating a safer work-

place environment is creating a stir that’sextended to the tree care industry.

Relying on an “iron fist” of fines andenforcement inside the velvet glove of edu-cational and training programs, the state isallowing some companies to reduce theirfines via worker attendance at programsthat will improve job site safety.

Under the program, administered byMaryland OSHA, a company accused ofbeing out of compliance may accept a set-tlement that will allow it to skip or reducefines and instead focus on education andtraining. The arrangement shortens theoften lengthy process of workplace justicein a way that also addresses the issue of

poor safety training that may accompany it.

“Each case is literally customizeddepending on that employer’s status,” saysRobert Lawson, commissioner of labor andindustry in the state of Maryland.“Basically, our incentive is to get compli-ance and remove the employees from thehazard, and help that employer achievepermanent compliance and understandtheir obligations under Maryland OSHAlaw.”

The issue of worker safety and concernover the rising number of incidents was onthe radar screen in that state long beforeLawson started in his position two and ahalf years ago, but has been kicked intoanother gear under his leadership. RandyOwen, a member of the Tree Care IndustryAssociation and a TCIA board member,noted that Lawson has deep experiencewith workplace safety (including tree carework, since he formerly worked for amajor utility), but most importantly, “What

he’s got is some good common sense. Hecan make a true impact.”

Owen, of Owen Tree Service in Attica,Michigan, met Lawson along with EdwinFoulke, assistant secretary of labor forOccupational Safety and Health (OSHA),at TCI EXPO in 2006. What impressedhim about the Maryland program was itssolution-oriented approach.

“What an ideal for a government agencyto do that,” says Owen, noting that manypeople perceive government fines as ameans of raising revenue. “For them totruly have an impact on this, I would con-sider to be the ideal of what a ruling governbody should do.”

While each company and case is differ-ent, Lawson says that most of the serious,disabling injuries and fatalities were occur-ring within smaller companies. InMaryland, he notes, most of the seriousinjuries in the green industry involved


small employers, and a disproportionatenumber were in the immigrant community.

“Our investigation showed that themajority of times, because they’re smallemployers, they’re not familiar with whatthe law requires,” Lawson says. InMaryland, approximately 80 percent ofbusinesses have fewer than 10 employees.

He notes that most small businesses inthe startup years have their attention fixedon the survival of the business. While theymay pay attention to basic safety issues,Lawson says, “the hidden hazards thatjump up and get them are the ones thatthere are standards for, (ones) that requiretraining and implementation on their part,and follow-up with their employees toensure they understand and follow the safe-ty rules.”

As an example, Lawson cited the tragic,high-profile case from a few years agowhen a young immigrant died after getting

caught in a mulch blower.

“The bottom line on that fatality is thatthere were no restrooms on the facility, sothe practice was that the employees wouldgo into this mulch blower and relievethemselves in there,” Lawson says. “Thisindividual got his leg caught in the auger. It

was a very horrible accident.”

Frequently, a small employer may createsafety issues for itself as it expands.Lawson used the example of a companyowner who may be well-experienced him-self in tree climbing and tree trimming, buthas a need for more employees with thoseskills as he grows, and they may not getthem.

“What we’ve seen in the immigrantcommunity is the very great inclinationto say, ‘Oh, yeah, I understand, I knowhow to do this,’ because they want towork,” he says. “So they’ll tackle some-thing they’re not prepared for. Theydon’t know how to climb appropriately,they don’t know how to use all the equip-ment appropriately, or may not evenknow how to use a small trim chain sawwhile working from an elevated position,and they wind up injuring themselves. Alot of times, it’s just education into thebasic way to do a skill safely.



“What we’ve seen in theimmigrant community isthe very great inclinationto say, ‘Oh, yeah, Iunderstand, I know howto do this,’ because they want to work,” hesays. “So they’ll tackle something they’re notprepared for.

“Unfortunately, in some of these casesthe way (a company) finds out is after theaccident.”

The state of Maryland presents 96 differ-ent training courses (focused on workplacesafety and health) at community colleges

throughout the state, presented free. (For adirectory, check the Web atwww.dllr.state.md.us/labor/mosh.html.)The Division of Labor and Industry willalso send an expert out to provide cus-tomized presentations for groups of 20 ormore. When Lawson took over his positiontwo and a half years ago, there were 25such programs, and he says the divisioncontinues to expand the programming.

Some small businesses (250 employeesor fewer) also qualify for a federal OSHAconsultation program. While a business isin that program, it is exempt from inspec-tions. In Maryland, the division of laborand industry will steer some non-compli-ant companies into that program, and forthose companies, completion of the pro-gram will also bring a reduction in theirworkplace fine.

“Basically, the consultant will come inand give recommendations for what theyneed to do to come into compliance with



Tree care workers take advantage of EHAP training sponsored by TCIA under the federal Susan Harwood Training Grant.

federal safety standards,” Lawson says.The consultant will follow up with otherconsultations, and guide the employer’seffort to create a safer work environment,at the same time shielding a company fromfines or other enforcement.

By taking a pro-active approach to safetyissues, the state has been able to circumventcommon roadblocks they may run into dur-ing traditional enforcement situations.

“If an employer has an accident, orworse – a fatality, the lawyers come in,”Lawson says. “As soon as the lawyers getin, they can drag this process out for sever-al years, and unfortunately, while it’s in thelegal mode you may not get compliance.So you’ve got the workers out there con-tinually being exposed to possibleadditional injuries. Our goal is to shortenthat time as much as possible and help theemployer eliminate those exposures andlearn how to work safely so they are notsubject to further accidents or inspectionsbecause somebody calls in about an unsafecondition.”

Lawson says that the division is continu-ally working on pieces of its plan, whichincludes an outreach effort, expansion oftraining, providing incentives for employ-ers, and any element that can streamlinethe process of connecting the employer andemployee with knowledge that might keepthem safe.

“The goal is to get the employeesremoved from the hazards,” Lawsonsays. “In the past few years, we’velooked at some innovative approaches totry to do this.”

One new program is a partnership thedivision has created with the MarylandUniversity Small Business DevelopmentCenter, which provides funding and guid-ance for small businesses. Many of thebusinesses are small, immigrant-ownedbusinesses and the division of labor andindustry has presented safety programs forthem that also includes a presentation froma local bank. The bank’s presentation wasabout a federal loan program that wouldprovide funding for safety equipment andtraining.

“We’ve kind of formed a womb to tombpartnership to help these small employerswho are starting out,” Lawson says.“Rather than to try and re-educate themafter the disaster, we are working withthem to prevent the disaster in the firstplace.”

It was interesting to Lawson that, afterthe first program was run, two of the 12employers in attendance said they hadn’trealized how dangerous their industrieswere.

“We think we have a whole newapproach,” Lawson says. “A number ofpeople in the state are watching and veryexcited because we’re actually providingthe financial assistance aspect.”

Lawson attended a meeting in Januarywith Foulke and 25 OSHA plan adminis-trators from across the United States.Sparked by concern about rising workplaceinjury numbers, Foulke had made a requestthat anyone doing innovative programmingshare with other state administrators, andLawson did.

“I don’t think anyone’s gone as far as wehave,” says Lawson, adding that a numberof administrators spoke with him, andsome indicated that they’d be following up.Lawson politely declined to mention them,not wanting to embarrass anyone if theydidn’t follow up.

“You always have to have the heavyhand for the employers who are going to



“Rather than to try andre-educate them after thedisaster, we are workingwith them to prevent thedisaster in the firstplace.”

flaunt the law, but I would say that in therange of 90-95 percent of the employers wedeal with want to be safe,” Lawson says.“Nobody wants to see their employees getinjured or suffer the consequences. Butwhen you have a small employer with fourto five people, their cash flow literally ispaycheck to paycheck. Their trust is to stayfinancially solvent. Our goal is to helpthem stay there, too, because the cost of anaccident can wipe out a business rightaway. Either that, or their insurance orworker’s comp. costs go through the roof,and they can’t financially make it.”

Owen says that the program addressesimportant goals for those in the tree careindustry – the primary one to be sure that“everybody comes home at night.”

Adopting good safety practices is goodbusiness, Owen says, both at his firm andthroughout the industry. “If I perform high-quality safety, I end up having cheaperinsurance rates, attract a better grade ofindividual for workers, I have longevitywith my workforce, and of course thatmeans efficiency.”

Better training and better safety has longbeen part of the drumbeat for companyowners like Owen and the TCIA, as part ofthe movement to professionalize an indus-try where the competition is – as some putit, “some guy with a chain saw and a pick-up truck.”

“That’s what we fight in this industry,”Owen says. “It’s easy to get in, especially ifyou have some slick talkers. There aresome companies where there are eightsalesmen out pounding on doors and fouror five workers. Well, they don’t care abouttheir workers…”

In developing its Accreditation programand other training initiatives, TCIA is notjust trying to identify its members astrained professionals, but is also trying towelcome the smaller companies into thefold, to improve safety, and to raise the sta-tus of the industry.

“If we could get them to come into theassociation and get them to use better prac-tices, it would be better for everybody,”Owen says.




Fuel for Woody BiomassHorizon Tree Service, Inc. is located in

western Montana and our business workincludes consultation, residential and com-mercial arboriculture, land clearing,wildfire fuel reduction and stewardshiplogging. With all of the constant news andheadlines on alternative energy, theNovember 2006 article in TCI, “CouldWoody Biomass Become a Profit Centerfor You?” by Tracy Powell, only followedsuit. We have been experimenting with thesale of biomass for over 10 years here inwestern Montana. We hope to share a fewlearned lessons discovered over the years.

We began our business like most others –hauling slash, paying tipping fees, pilingbrush and burning. It was labor intensive,very costly and compiled with air shed qual-ity restrictions – closures for brush burningmade disposal sometimes near impossible.We purchased a small chipper to alleviatethe “burning issues” but again this proved tobe very costly, and here in Montana spread-ing woodchips on the ground generally hasdetrimental effects (they only compound thefire hazard problem).

We began researching the viability ofdelivering biomass to local timber mills.Our business was already involved in sell-ing a variety of forest products (sawlogs,

pulpwood, post and pole), so hog fuel saleswere the next logical step. We soon recog-nized a real opportunity delivering chips toa local paper mill. What we discovered wasthat when weighed against any other slashdisposal method it almost always arrives atthe lowest cost per acre. It is the onlymethod that can produce revenue with thebest desired on-the-ground results.

Even if the sale of hog fuel on a projectis below cost, when collectively bid withthe entire project it actually realizes a sav-ings. For example, some sawmills inMontana allow us to deliver chips to theirhog fuel pile, though they do not provideany revenue; we still find it more costeffective than any other slash disposalmethod.

With all of our arboriculture projects –removals, individual tree pruning andpruning contracts – all material is sold asbiomass. During a past large-scale pruningcontract, we found it more cost effective todeliver the chips to a paying local mill 10miles past a composting facility with tip-ping fees!

It has been so encouraging that we’vetested several whole-tree chippers andhave plans to purchase such a machine andassociated equipment in the near future.

Of course an improved market value forthe hog fuel would greatly improve the

economics of the entire process. Alsoplease recognize there are, as always, limi-tations especially in transportation costsand infrastructure location to accept thematerial.

We can realistically state that, with thecurrent market value, a steady diet onhog fuel would not sustain our business.On the other hand, we can also state thatthe sale of hog fuel has allowed us to bemore competitive and pass the savingson to our clients while providing arenewable energy source to a varietypower plants.

There is a real opportunity for those will-ing to experiment. Though it is not acomplete answer to our energy issues, itwill help alleviate our dependency oncrude oil – and other countries. And, as weall know, trees are a renewable resource.

The technology is here and availableimmediately, combined with an existinginfrastructure and new plants being devel-oped. We strongly encourage anyforestry-related firm to seriously considerthe benefits of selling woody biomass tosupplement their business.

Robert Castellano

Horizon Tree Service, Inc.

Potomac, Montana

Call backShame on us. It was pointed out to us

that the climber shown in the image onpage 10 or the February issue of TCI(“Down But Not Out – Marketing WasteWood”) is not wearing a hard hat, as heshould be. Nor is the operator of the craneshown on page 12 in the same article. Ourtechnical editor did not have the opportuni-ty to review these. My fault.

I can correct my mistakes with a correc-tion, such as this one, in a subsequent issue.When you all make a mistake, such as notwearing a hard hat when you should, theresult might be much harder to fix. Myapology for the carelessness. We’ll try todo better. I hope you will continue to let meknow when we don’t.

Don Staruk,

TCI managing editor


Letters


By Rick Howland

When it comes to the subject ofcompact loaders, mini skidsteers and mini track loaders,

two things are increasingly evident. First,less is more. Second, more can be a LOTmore.

That is, the smaller the loader/skid steersget, the more versatile they are becoming,thanks in large part to lots of power in asmall package and a slew of task-specificattachments.

When it comes to the smaller loader,track loader and skid steer community, it’sa major undertaking to profile every manu-facturer, every capability and every

accessory. All that being said, this articlewill discuss broadly the world of the com-pact and mini loader, from the ride IN, tothe ride ON to the walk-behind. Here, youwill get a feel for what’s available to youand a few features and benefits that distin-guish one brand from another.

Depending on which manufacturer youtalk with (or visit on the Internet), the useof the words mini and compact is inter-changeable and fraught with confusion.However, and in the broadest of terms, acompact loader or skid steer would bejust that, compact and smaller than stan-dard. A mini, for the purposes of thisarticle, can best be defined as a loader ortrack/skid-steer type machine that youeither walk along with or sit on, like agarden tractor; some have sulky-likeplatforms you stand on. (A sulky is a lit-

tle standing platform you stand on whileriding/working, until now most com-monly associated with commercial lawnmowers.) For those who may not know,the skid-steer gets its name from the way itturns. It is, by definition, a tracked vehiclewith the capability to have one track stopwhile the other keeps going, allowing oneto steer by making a skid turn.

A couple of things to keep in mind whenshopping for a compact or mini have pure-ly to do with your business, of course.Depending on your typical job or workday, ask yourself: do you need a machinethat can get through the proverbial gardengate into the back yard or into tight urbanspaces? Minis, according to our definition,can do that, but not all compacts will.

Another thing to keep in mind is, as your


Mini and compact loaders, such as this Thomas unit, arebecoming more versatile with lots of power in a smallpackage and a slew of task-specific attachments.

business grows, what kind of attachmentswill you likely be hankering for? In thiscase most, but not all, attachments are inter-changeable. Occasionally, you will find asmall piece of equipment that takes onlysimilarly branded attachments, although thelist of possibilities will be quite extensive.

Finally, and this applies to pretty muchALL loaders and skid steers from thelargest to the smallest of walk-behinds –learn their capacities and tip-over ratings.If you’ve not been in the market for aloader or skid steer, learn and live by therated differences in operating capacity andthe tip-over load capacity. A mini couldhave a rated safe operating capacity of 500pounds, for example, but a tipping load ofjust over 1,500. What that means is safety.You will find operating capacity fortracked vehicles coming in at 35 percent ofthe tipping load. Your typical work day willdetermine your safe operating capacity.

When you get right down to it, the loader(compact or standard) and the mini are real-ly just tool carriers. It is their ability to getto the job site and have enough power to dothe job. Of interest should be what your toolcarrier can handle and the list of attach-ments offered by the manufacturer or thatare compatible, even if made by others.

For example, a partial list includedaugers, backhoes, snow and utility blades,brooms, buckets, dozer blades, agricultur-al, brush-tined and scrap grapples, powerrake, rotary tiller and more. What that allmeans is versatility, not only for the toolcarrier but also for your business now andin the future. Just think of what you do nowin the business and what other things youcan get into or offer as add-on services withthese kinds of attachments.

Fortunately, because the marketplace isloaded with these tools, there is a lot ofinformation available online, and thatwould be an advisable place to start, large-ly because the options are numerous andvaried.

Shaun Fritchey is the compact solutionsspecialist at Vermeer. He described thetechnology of compacts and minis as beingcompact utility loaders that are much

smaller, with somewhat lower horsepowerthan a standard loader or skid steer and amachine you can either walk behind or rideon. The full-size types have higher horse-power and more hydraulic flow and ahigher lifting capacity.

“Compacts have been around a fewyears. The early ones were originallyimported. The reason they are growing inpopularity is because of their size. They

can get into more confined residentialareas. Additionally, a compact utilityloader is very versatile, accepting upwardsof 40 to 50 or more attachments to performa variety of specific tasks... trenchers,augers, regular dirt bucket, rakes, tillers,plows, blowers, backhoes grapples, dozerand snow blades and power tree forks justfor starters. Then there’s cost. A full-sizecan run $30,000 to $40,000 and fullyloaded will be knocking on $100,000. Theminis, on the other hand, have a price rangeof about $18,000 for gas and $20,000diesel, reflective of the engine type.”

Vermeer, says Fritchey, has had amachine out for about one year that hasseen tremendous success, the S600TXpowered by either a 25 hp Kubota diesel or25 hp Kohler gas engine and capable oftaking a majority of universal attachments.

“The majority of our attachments aresourced, but we do have a Vermeer-brandtrencher, vibratory plow and log grapple.From the tree care person’s perspective, thebeauty of this machine is it can rotate 315degrees and you can go into a backyard,cut a tree and drag logs back out throughthe gate to a chipper or trailer. It reduceslabor and makes for more productivedays.” Other models will follow this year,


The cost for compact and mini loaders is also smaller than larger loaders. Vermeer’s mini S600TX, powered by either a 25hp Kubota diesel or 25 hp Kohler gas engine and capable of taking a majority of universal attachments, cost $18,000 to$20,000 depending on engine type.

A Boxer mini loader demonstrates one of the greatadvantages of its small size.

Fritchey says.

Bobcat is almost a generic name forskid-steer technology, and you can find itscompact skid steers starting with the 700-pound lift Mini-Bob, powered by a 15.7 hpdiesel engine. Bobcat also makes a pair ofmini track loaders, the MT52, 36 incheswide with a rated operating capacity of 520pounds for the garden gate application, and

the M55, 44 inches wide with an ROC of550 pounds.

Boxer Compact Power, Inc. makes threeseries of compact utility loaders that wouldappeal to the arborist, says Karrie Crocker,marketing manager. They include the 300,400 and 500 series.

“The 500 series offers both gas anddiesel engines; the smaller 300 and 400 justgas,” Crocker says. “The 300 series is themost compact and represents a lot ofdemand because it’s compact enough to fitthrough a standard 36-inch gate yet still haspower. You can put on a fork attachment todrag large, heavy tree sections through thegate to the street.”

The heavier duty 427 model is availableas either a wheeled or track unit. A bit morepowerful, it can drive a 36-inch auger, idealfor a bigger root ball, she says. The dieselor gas Boxer 526D and 530X can widentheir stance with the flip of a switch, shenotes.

“One feature all across all the series isthe tool kit trailer system. It’s a trailer withreceptacles for all your attachments. Boxercreated an attachment mounting place so

all you have to do is drive the loader up tothe attachment on the trailer and latch on.”

Ditch Witch, as part of its compactutility equipment line, offers four miniskid steers: the SK300; the SK350, withmore than 70 available attachments; the24-hp walk along SK500, and; the bruis-er SK650, at 31.5 hp. Ditch Witch boastsunusual lift and dump heights and thecapability to perform quick-disconnectsso attachments can be changed underpressure – without shutting off themachine.

John Deere, one of the venerable namesin power systems, offers two compact trackloaders. These are the climb-in types: theCT322 and the CT332. The CT322 putsout 62 hp and has a tipping load capacity of6,400 pounds. The CT332 is rated at 76 hpand has a tipping load capacity of 9,200pounds.

Kanga Loaders are from the land downunder, hence the name (kanga as in kanga-roo!), but they have an extensive dealernetwork throughout the U.S. and Canada.The company offers four main lines ofthese mighty minis: the wheeled 5 Series(GA-524 and DA-520); the wheeled 6



When shopping for a compact or mini loader, keep in mind what you will be using it for most of the time. Ramrod’s 950,shown here, and 1150 can handle up to 220 more pounds and come with larger engines and more standard features thantheir somewhat smaller models.

Series (GA-624 and DA-625), with morehorsepower (up to 25 hp) and released forthe company’s Silver Anniversary in ’06;

the tracked 7 Series (GA-724 and DA-725)with improved lift capacity, soft controlsand serviceability in rain, mud, soft sand

and snow, and; the track or wheeled unitsin the 8 Series, featuring a 25 hp Kubotadiesel engine with 2-speed transmissionand a 12-volt power outlet.

Komatsu America within the last twoyears entered the compact track loaderbusiness first by announcing its CK30-1,the first in a line of at least four machines.Based on its skid-steer technology, one ofthe major benefits is the ability for the rub-ber track assembly to better “float” overterrain and thus do less damage.

Ramrod Equipment is another veteran inthe mini skid steer loader business.Ramrod which celebrated its 25th anniver-sary last year, boasts seven generations oftechnology, both wheeled and trackmachines. In the Taskmaster series are fourbroad categories of minis: 905, 915, 950and 1150 Series, running smallest tolargest. All are stand-on compact utilityloaders with numerous configurations ofengines, tire and track options.


GroundCrew is designed to make a three man crew as or more productive than a five or six man crew.

GroundCrew will show up for work everyday. It will lower your payroll and Workman's Compensation Insurance. No more lifting of heavy logs or dragging brush. Your job site becomes safer, more productive and more professional.

GroundCrew is designed to be easy on lawns with it's six floatation tires and four wheel drive. You can either feed your chipper or stack debris curbside for your loader. At 35 V4 inches wide it will fit through those small 36 inch gates. In developing the GroundCrew we have carried logs as long as 24' and hauled as much as 3,4001bs. With it's 2,4001b, lift capacity wood dollies will be a thing of the past.

Finally, a Machine Designed and Built for Tree Services!Finally, a Machine Designed and Built for Tree Services!Finally, a Machine Designed and Built for Tree Services!


Another contributor to the compact and mini market is Beaver Squeezer Grapple, which makes grapple attachments forwhat they call “junior” skid steers and for the “mini” markets, such as this Boxer unit. For the minis, there’s one model,without a winch, with a safe working load of 1 ton and a grapple opening of from 3 to 54 inches.

“These kinds of units need to be definedby reliability first, then their attachments,”says Don Reed of Ramrod. “We offer over60 attachments for the Taskmaster, frompost-hole digger to tree grapple to bucket.The point is versatility; we are not in com-

petition with the big loaders.”

Ramrod’s 905 and 915 (wheeled or trackwith 23 hp gas engine, either liquid or aircooled) are the most compact, featuringvariable flow control valves for variable

attachment animation speeds. Says Reed,“The controls are so easy to use that even a5-year-old can operate the 905 or 915.”

“Compact utility is a separate businessfrom standard loaders,” says Reed. “Theygo places big equipment can’t, like tightspaces in the city or landscaping. We fea-ture self-leveling arms so the bucketalways remains parallel to the ground, andthe posthole digger, for example, alwaysremains perpendicular to the ground. Itused to be that the business was 80 percenttire. Now it’s 60 percent track. Tree guysshould love the Trackmaster for its maneu-verability, especially in rough areas,” headds.

Ramrod’s 950 and 1150 can handle up to220 more pounds and come with largerengines and more standard features.

Dave Nordgaard, president of TopNotch Treecare in Plymouth, Minnesota,has been collaborating with the Ramrod



“One of the cool things is portability. Carrying a mini on my chipper saves a pickup truck, trailer and driver over a loader,”says TopNoth TreeCare’s Dave Nordgaard. Here, a Toro Dingo mini loader is ready for travel.

folks regarding their loaders and hisgrapples. He owns a tree care businessand got into the attachment industrywhen he began making grapples, first forhis own tree company in 1998, after dis-covering few if any attachments weremade for our industry.

“If I had to tell another tree care pro onething, I would say this: I have a large treecare company and labor saved by draggingbrush and logs alone saves one to twohours a day in crew hours. The cost(financed cost he says is about $12 to $14a day!) is less than a larger machine, the

learning curve is simple, they are easy torun, and less dangerous, and they do farless damage to a customer’s property. Ihave six to seven crews and we run fourminis. The employee retention is higherbecause, with a mini or compact machine,workers don’t have to drag so much.People are happier because they do lessgrunt work and there is less chance forback injury,” says Nordgaard.

And there other advantages, Nordgaardsays. “One of the cool things is portability.Carrying a mini on my chipper saves apickup truck, trailer and driver over aloader. I have a custom rack so my minican ride on a bucket truck.”

Regarding his grapples, he says, “I’vealways been a tinkerer and wanted todevelop a grapple just for minis. Thesegrapples replace a lot of hand work, evenloading logs up to 2,000 pounds onto atrailer, depending on the unit and its lift.”

Nordgaard’s advice to other tree carecompany owners regarding purchasing amini: “You’d be crazy to stay in the busi-ness without one!”

Toro Dingo makes a compact utilityloader line in both gas and diesel, wheeledand track versions, walk-behind and ride-on. You can easily access a standard36-inch gate with the tracked models: TX413, TX 420 and TX 525; and a 42-inchgate with the TX 425 and TX 525 WideTrack. An optional ride-on platform helpsminimize operator fatigue in applicationsrequiring a lot of hauling and covering sub-




Another example of how easy it is to travel with a miniloader.

stantial distances. In wheeled versions,there are the Dingo 323 and 220 supportingmore than 35 attachments. Ride-on plat-forms provide improved visibility. Onedrawback for the Dingo may be its lack ofadaptability for universal-mount attach-ments.

“Most of our attachments are proprietarywith special mounting plates,” says TomFleming, senior technical service rep forToro Dingo. “They are set up to work, ide-ally, with our hydraulic flow.”

Swinger Compact Loaders offers com-pact and articulated front end loaders inthree different models. The articulation –that is the jointed nature of the unit – pro-vides for added maneuverability andhandling, says Swinger’s Bruce Steingart.Models in the K series are rated by approx-imate lift capacity of 1,000, 2,000 and3,000 pounds.

“The advantage of the articulated loaderis that it does not turn and skid at the sametime. The Swinger is much more turf sen-sitive, ideal for lawns, golf courses and onhard asphalt surfaces,” he says.

Prices range from $25,000 to $50,000,Steingart says, adding that the Swingerincorporates a universal tool carrier so that

any attachment that can go on a Bobcat-type loader the Swinger can handle. “Theseare interchangeable, full-size accessories,”he says.

Another contributor to the compact andmini market is Beaver Squeezer Grapple,which makes grapple attachments for whatthey call “junior” skid steers and for the

mini markets. For the smaller skid steers,there are two grapples, each with full 360-degree rotation, 4,400-pound safe-workingload, and grapple openings from 3 to 48inches. They come with or without a 6,000-pound winch. For the minis, there’s onemodel, without a winch, with a safe work-ing load of one ton and a grapple openingof from 3 to 54 inches.



Ditch Witch offers four mini skid steers, including the 24-hp walk along SK500 shown here. Ditch Witch boastsunusual lift and dump heights and the capability to per-form quick-disconnects so attachments can be changedunder pressure – without shutting off the machine.


Many tree companies today eitherown or rent cranes for use inremoving trees. As cranes

become more and more common in the treecare industry, owners and users often havequestions about the regulations, setup,operation, techniques and maintenanceinvolved with using cranes for treeremoval. Two of the most common ques-tions that arise are, “Are climbers allowedto ride the crane to access the tree?” and,“If the climber can ride the crane, what arethe best ways to do this?”

This article will focus on two things:First, it will comment on the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) stan-dards that guide the arborist industry forthe use of cranes in tree removal and howthose standards relate to the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA);second, it will discuss the particular issueof the climber using the crane to accessand/or work in a tree that is being removed.

OSHA or ANSI?

The majority of workplaces in theUnited States are covered by theOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1970. For certain industries thereare specific standards within the OSH Actthat govern workplace practices, proce-dures and equipment. For instance, 29CFR,section 1910.269 governs line clearancetree trimming as well as utility line work.Many trades operate under standardsintended for “general industry.” Whenthere is no specific standard within theOSH Act governing a certain task or haz-ard, the employer is still required to abideby what is commonly called the GeneralDuty Clause. The General Duty Clausestates that each employer must:

“…furnish to each of his employeesemployment and a place of employmentwhich are free from recognized hazards thatare causing or are likely to cause death orserious physical harm to his employees.”

The tree care industry is one of theindustries for which there is no specificOSHA standard. To identify the “recog-nized hazards” unique to the industry,OSHA will typically look to industry con-

sensus standards. For the tree care industrythose consensus standards are the ANSIZ133.1-2006. Through this rather cir-cuitous route arborists are bound to followthe ANSI Z133.1-2006. State, local orcompany regulations may be stricter thanANSI Z133.1-2006 and, if so, they super-sede the ANSI Z133.1-2006.

Before focusing on ANSI Z133.1-2006, itshould be noted that there is an OSHA stan-dard for using cranes on construction sites,and there are other ANSI standards forcranes in various industries and applica-tions. Employers should be aware of theseother standards so that if their company iscited by OSHA for violating a standard thatdoes not pertain to the tree industry, theemployer can respond with knowledge ofthe subject matter. Employers should also beaware that they must follow all of the ANSIZ133.1-2006. A company cannot claim tobe following ANSI by allowing its employ-ees to ride the crane to access the tree, butnot enforce other ANSI requirements suchas wearing proper PPE and using approvedclimbing gear.

Hoisting a climber with a crane:

Understanding the text

ANSI Z133.1-2006 does allow arboriststo attach themselves to the crane in order toaccess the tree. Section 5.7 is titled “LogLoaders, Knucklebooms, Cranes andRelated Hoists” and addresses the generaluse of these pieces of equipment. Section5.7.9 focuses on using a crane to lift andposition the climber. Section 5.7.9 states:

“A qualified arborist may be hoisted intoposition utilizing a crane if the arborist istied in with an arborist climbing line andarborist saddle and secured to a designatedanchor point on the boom or line. The fol-lowing procedures shall be followed whenan arborist is to be lifted by a crane…”

The term “qualified arborist” is usedbecause it specifies that the arborist musthave the experience, skills, knowledge, andequipment to perform the work. The quali-fied arborist must be tied-in with aclimbing line and saddle that meet thespecifications stated in other parts of theANSI Z133.1. The tie-in point on the crane

has to be on the crane’s boom or line(cable). The arborist may NOT tie in to thehook (Fig. A). The hook appears to be theeasiest place to attach the line, but there areseveral reasons that this should not bedone. The latching mechanism on the hookis spring loaded and sometimes that springis broken or the latch may not work forother reasons. Even if the latch does work,it is very easy for the arborist’s line to ‘rollout’ of the hook because of the large mouthopening. Cranes are often used in applica-tions that use chains and/or wire rope onthe hook and these can create burs thatwould damage a running climbing line.Finally, it is easier to place the choker(s) onthe hook if the climbing line has a separate,secure connection – there is no chance ofthe climbing line becoming pinched by orentangled with the choker(s) and the climb-ing line does not have to be moved in orderto place the choker(s) on the hook. (Note:State OSHA in California requires that theclimber has an independent line attachedabove the crane hook and that the climberbe secured to the crane’s hook, which musthave a positive-locking device. There maybe other state or local differences and it isup to the reader to research and adhere topertinent standards.)

There are 12 subsections under ANSIZ133.1 section 5.7.9 that prescribe the pro-

Fig. A: According to ANSI Z133.1-2006, a qualifiedarborist may tie in to the crane’s boom or load line(cable), but not the hook. (State, regional, or local regu-lations may be different, e.g. Cal-OSHA requires that thetree worker be secured to an independent line attachedabove the crane’s hook and be “…secured to a crane’shook that shall be closed with a positive locking device”.)

cedures and equipment that must be usedwhen an arborist is lifted by a crane. All ofthese are important and all should be readand adhered to. This article will addressonly two of those subsections: 5.7.9.3 and5.7.9.11. Section 5.7.9.3 reads:

“The arborist climbing line shall besecured to the crane in such a way that itdoes not interfere with the function of any

damage-prevention or warning device onthe crane and so that no part of the cranecompromises the climbing line or any partof the climbing system.”

Simply put, the climbing system mustnot interfere with operation of the crane,and the crane must not interfere with ordamage any part of the climbing system.The initial connection to the crane is wherethe climbing system is most likely toencounter burs, grease, pinch points orother hazards that might compromise thesafety of the climber. There must be asmooth, safe transition from the heavy rig-ging of the crane to the running climbingline of the arborist. There are several waysthat this can be accomplished.

Techniques for tying to the crane

Downey Trees, Inc. outside of Atlanta,Georgia, uses a fairly simple, but effectivesystem. A shack-le is placed onthe load line ofthe crane, justabove the ball,and a sturdyweather-proofwire is used tosecure the pin ofthe shackle (Fig.B). A false crotchis placed throughthe shackle andthe climbing lineis placed throughthe false crotch(Fig. C). In thissetup, the initialconnection to thecrane is madewith a rated shackle that is used only forclimbing. The connection to the shackle ismade with the false crotch because theheavy webbing of the false crotch standsup well to wear on the shackle. There isinevitably some contact with and move-ment against the ball, but this, too, isabsorbed by the heavy webbing of the falsecrotch. Because the climbing line runsthrough standard false crotch rings, thewear on the rope and the friction experi-enced by the climber is exactly the same asit would be in a tree. Both the false crotch

and the shackleare closelyinspected eachtime the climberis lifted. Thefalse crotch isremoved at theend of each day,but the shackle isleft in place onthe cable.

When a climb-ing line isthreaded througha false crotch ina tree, the lineshould gothrough thesmall ring first,then through thebig ring. Herethe line is

threaded the opposite way – when theclimbing line is placed in the false crotchon the crane, the climbing line is threadedthrough the big ring first, then through thesmall ring (Fig. D). In the photo, the climb-ing line runs from left to right because it isset up for a left handed climber. The reasonfor threading the rope through the big ringfirst is that a large eye splice (such as TheFly shown in the photo) or an eye splicewith a twist in it will sometimes catch onthe small ring and require a good solid tugto get the rope out. If the rope is threaded



Fig. B: One option to attachthe climber to the crane is toplace a shackle on the cableabove the ball, secure the pinof the shackle with a piece ofsturdy, weather-proof wire …

Fig C: …and place a falsecrotch through the shackle.

Fig. D: The climbing line is threaded through the big ringfirst, then through the small ring—this is the opposite ofthe way that the rope is threaded when a false crotch isused in a tree.

through the small ring first (Fig. E), thenthe rope will exit through the big ring firstwhen the rope is retrieved. If the ropecatches on the small ring (Fig. F) the ropecould pull the false crotch up to and even

through the shackle. By threading the ropethrough the big ring first when installed,the rope will exit through the small ringfirst when retrieved. If the rope catches onthe small ring, the small ring will just hitthe big ring, allowing the climber to pulluntil the rope passes through the falsecrotch.

Another way to solve this problem isshown in Fig. G (this idea was shown tome by Todd Kramer of Kramer Tree

Specialists in Chicago). A rated carabiner(one that is self-closing and self-locking,with a minimum tensile strength of 5,000pounds) is placed in the false crotch rightnext to the small ring (Fig. H). The climb-ing line is threadedthrough the big ringand the carabiner, butnot through the smallring. In this setup, therope can go througheither the big ringfirst or through thecarabiner first. Thecarabiner acts as thesecond ring, and,because the carabinerhas a large opening,even a large splicewill pass through itwith ease. (Kramerrecommends using asteel carabiner forthis application.)



Figure E

Figure F

Fig. G: Another way to thread the climbing line is to placea rated carabiner (one which is self-closing and self-locking, with a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds)in the false crotch right next to the small ring (photocourtesy of Todd Kramer, Kramer Tree Specialists).

Figs. E&F: When the rope is threaded through the smallring first, then through the big ring when the line isinstalled, then the rope will exit through the big ring first,then through the small ring when the rope is retrieved. Ifthe rope catches on the small ring, the rope could pullthe false crotch up to and even through the shackle.

Figure H - The climbingline is threaded onlythrough the big ring andthe carabiner (not throughthe small ring). Becausethe carabiner has a largeopening the rope may gothrough either the big ringfirst or through the cara-biner first.

Another way to attach the climbing line tothe crane is shown in Fig. I (this idea andphoto courtesy Norm Hall, The Care ofTrees, Chicago). A large (here, a 17 ton)shackle is placed immediately above the balland a false crotch is threaded through theshackle. A carabiner is then placed throughthe eye of the pin of the shackle and aroundboth legs of the false crotch. The carabinerhelps hold the false crotch when the climb-ing line is retrieved, and prevents the pin ofthe shackle from coming undone.

Both of these methods are acceptableways to attach the arborist’s climbing to thecrane. Points to remember are:

1) The hardware that is used for the initialconnection to the cable should be stur-dy enough to withstand the grease,burs, and possible pinching and twist-ing that could be created by the cable,the ball and the clevis. A typical cara-biner should not be used and afriction-saver should not be placeddirectly on the cable or in the clevis.

2) The next link in the system should besturdy enough to withstand the con-stant friction with the first connectoras well as frequent or constant rub-bing against the ball. Lightweightnylon or Dyneema rigging slingsshould not be used.

3) The climbing line should run on asmooth, clean surface and should beclear of pinch points, grease and dirt.

4) The climbing line should be clear ofthe hook and all of the rigging.

Ways to work when hoisted into position

The term “hoisted into position” (ANSIZ133.1 2006 5.7.9) is usually understood tomean that the crane is used to place theclimber in the tree at the beginning of thejob so that the climber does not have toclimb the tree with their rope and spikes.Using the crane to place the climber isfaster, safer and less fatiguing to theclimber. But, the qualified arborist may be“hoisted into position” for other types ofwork as well. In (Fig. J), the climberattached himself to the crane using one ofthe methods described above, was thenhoisted into position above a large, brokentop of a tree, set twochokers on the bro-ken piece, and isshown descendinginto position tomake the cut (theclimbing line willbe removed fromthe crane before thecut is made.

In Fig. K, theclimber is remov-ing a tree that doesnot have a good tie-in point for workingall of the branches.The climber haswalked out on alimb, set a choker,and is shown usingthe end of hisclimbing line in the



Fig. K: A climber with a diffi-cult tie-in point has placedthe end of his climbing linein the false crotch on thecrane, essentially double-crotching with the tie-inpoint in the tree and the tie-in point on the crane, inorder to make the returnlimb walk easier.

Fig. I: Another tie-in option is to place a large (here a 17ton) shackle above the ball and thread a false crotchthrough the shackle. A carabiner is placed in the eye ofthe pin of the shackle and around both legs of the falsecrotch (photo courtesy of Norm Hall, The Care of Trees).

Fig. J: A climber has used the tie-in point on the crane toset two chokers on this partially broken, hanging treetop, descended to the break, and is positioning himself toprepare to make the cut (the climbing line will beremoved from the crane before the cut is made; photocourtesy of Kramer Tree Specialists).

false crotch on the crane as a second tie-inpoint in order to facilitate his return, essen-tially double-crotching with the tie-in pointin the tree and the tie-in point on the crane.

In Fig. L, the climber has set a choker onthe top of the spar and descended to thepoint where he will make his next cut. Thephoto shows the climber positioning him-self at a large branch union, something thatwould be much more difficult if he weredescending on just his spikes and a lanyard.

In Fig. M, the climber is cutting a piecefrom a large spar. He has remained tied tothe crane while he begins his cut so that hecan more easily work around the spar as hemakes the cut. In Fig. N, he has removedhis climbing line from the crane and nowhas both attachment points (a lanyard andhis climbing line) on the spar.

In all of the previous examples theclimber was tied-in to the tree and thecrane was used to lift, remove and lowerthe pieces as they were cut. There aretimes, however, when it is not safe to tie-into the tree that is being removed and theclimber needs to find another place to setthe climbing line. For these situations, it iscommon to use an adjacent tree or a buck-et truck to access the tree that is beingremoved. For trees that cannot be accessedby either of these methods, a crane can beused as the tie-in point for the climber.

In Fig. O (next page), the tree that isbeing removed had a large, open crackand a 35-degree lean. The tree could notbe accessed by using any of the sur-rounding trees and was too tall to use abucket truck. A crane could be driven upto the tree and the boom placed over thecanopy, but there was no room to maneu-ver the boom once the piece was cut. Thephoto shows the climber using the craneas a tie-in point while he is rigging thetree using ropes, a block and a frictiondevice. If the tree had failed, the climberwas safely suspended from the cable ofthe crane. This photo also shows that thecrane tie-in does not interfere with thecrane’s anti-two-block (ATB) system atthe tip of the boom.

Riding the crane with a load attached

There are also instances when it is notsafe for the climber to tie-in to the tree, andthe tree is judged to be too unstable to with-stand the forces involved with roping andrigging. In exceptional cases, ANSIZ133.1- 2006 section 5.7.9.11 does allowfor a qualified arborist to be attached to thecrane while the crane is under load:

“When it has been determined that allreasonably possible alternate methods areinaccessible and attachment to the subjecttree would create a greater safety risk dueto its hazardous condition, the qualifiedcrane operator and the qualified arboristshall allow the qualified arborist to remainattached to the crane when it is under load.


Fig. L: This climber has set a choker on the top of thespar and descended to the point where he will make hisnext cut. He is positioning himself at a large branchunion, something that would be much more difficult if hewere descending on just his spikes and a lanyard.

Fig. M: This climber has remained tied to the crane whilehe begins his cut on a large spar so that he can moreeasily work around the spar as he makes the cut, andthen ...

Fig. N: ... removes the climbing line from the crane beforefinishing the cut. The climber places the climbing line onthe spar so he still has two attachment points (a lanyardand his climbing line) when using the chain saw.


Possible alternate methods include, but arenot limited to,

(a) the qualified arborist securing to thetree and detaching from the cranebefore it comes under load;

(b) using a second crane;(c) using an aerial lift device;(d) using an adjacent tree.

There are several different ways to use acrane with the climber attached and thecrane under load. One example is shown inFig. P. The tree that is being removed isleaning over expensive electronic equip-

ment that services a cell phone tower. Thetree had been judged to be too dangerous toclimb and too fragile to try and dismantlethe tree by lowering off of the tree itself.None of the adjacent trees were largeenough or close enough to provide any tie-in or rigging points. The tree could not beaccessed with a bucket, but it was possibleto set up a crane within working distance.There was not room for a second crane. Inthe photo the climber is shown tied-in tothe crane. A block has been tied to the hookof the crane so that the crane acts as boththe tie-in point for the climber and the low-ering point for the rigging system. A tagline has been tied to the piece so that thepiece may be pulled clear of the obstaclesbelow (this removal earned Downey Treesa Grand Award for Excellence inArboriculture from TCIA).

A climber may also ride the crane with aload attached by attaching the piece to thehook with a choker as it normally would be,and placing the climbing line on the boomof the crane. If this method is used, the craneoperator must be very aware of all that ishappening because as he moves the boom tolower the piece he will also be moving theclimbing line of the arborist in the tree.

The techniques shown in the last twoexamples were used because there wasconcern that some part, or all, of the treemight have failed. In situations such asthese, it is important that the crane be posi-tioned so that it cannot be damaged by any

part of the tree if failure should occur. It isalso important for the climber to positionhim or herself so that neither they nor anypart of the climbing system could becaught or pinned if failure should occur.

Cranes can make tree removal, faster,safer and more efficient. This article haslooked at just one of the many ways thatcrane removals differ from removals thatuse ropes, blocks and friction devices. TheANSI Z133.1 2006 provides further safetyrequirements regarding using cranes fortree removal. Training and instruction forall types of arboricultural practices is avail-able from professional training groups, atindustry seminars and trade shows, andthrough various educational media avail-able from the Tree Care IndustryAssociation and other groups. Please workand climb safely.

The author would like to thank the review-ers for their helpful comments, and ToddKramer, Kramer Tree Specialists; NormHall, The Care of Trees; and JohnParmenter, Pro Tree Care, for the use oftheir photographs as noted in the text. Allother photos are courtesy of the author.

Mark Adams is a Certified Arborist withDowney Trees, Inc. in Atlanta Georgia,and is an instructor with North AmericanTraining Solutions.


References and Credits

Web sites

OSHA purpose and scope: www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9605

Employer duties: www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=3359

OSHA assistance for the Tree Care Industry: www.osha.gov/SLTC/treecare/index.html

Tree Care Industry Standards (from OSHA’s Web site): www.osha.gov/SLTC/treecare/standards.html

Arborists and the Logging Standard: www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=25041

The crane standard for the construction industry (does NOT apply to the tree care industry, butgood to be aware of thisin case your company gets incorrectly cited):www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10760

Tree Care Industry Safety and health programs: www.osha.gov/SLTC/treecare/program.html

Discussion Forum: www.treebuz.com

The Cal-OSHA Safety Order 3427 (scroll down to find the correct PDF): www.cal-osha.com/Resources.aspx

Other

ANSI Z.133.1-2006, American National Standard for Tree Care Operations–Safety Requirements, ISA.

“Z133.1 Safety Standard,2006: Using Cranes Safely,” by Steve Chisholm, H. Dennis P. Ryan and PeterGerstenberger, Arborist News, volume 15, Number 4, August 2006.

“Crane Use and Safety in Tree Care,” by David Rattigan, Tree Care Industry, July 2006.

Figure P - A climber is tied-in to the crane and a block hasbeen tied to the hook of the crane. The crane acts as boththe tie-in point for the climber and the lowering point forthe rigging system. A tag line has been tied to the piece sothat the piece may be pulled clear of the obstacles below

Fig. O: A climber using the crane as a tie-in point while heis rigging the tree using ropes, a block, and a frictiondevice. If the tree had failed, the climber was safely sus-pended from the cable of the crane. Note that theanti-two-block system is unaffected by the tie-in system.

By Guy Meilleur

We Don’t Need No Education– Or Do We?

Do you feel like you’re spendingtoo much time in the bucket,behind the chipper or in the

office? Take a look at what a little time incollege can do for you.

Higher education can help us all climbhigher in the tree care business, whetherwe’re branching out further into municipal,utility, consulting or commercial tree care.College education can help you reach newheights of expertise and income – as AlexShigo once said, “Education and wages aretwins that grow and mature at the samerate.” Just one course, targeted to fit yourcuriosity and your needs, can open up newworlds of knowledge. By finding the rightcourse of study to fit your goals, budget,schedule and personality, you can takecharge of the trees that you work with andleave your competitors behind.

A traditional path into the tree care busi-ness is a degree in forestry from a four-yearuniversity. Several programs (see the listfollowing this article) are starting toaddress the needs of modern urbanforestry. North Carolina State Universityrecently decided to grow into this area, soin 2004 they assembled dozens of experts,including Dr. Bob Miller, architect of thehighly successful program at theUniversity of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.When asked what the core of a successfulurban forestry program should be, theexperts said one word: Arboriculture.Which only makes sense: Before you canunderstand how to manage many trees, youmust first understand how to manage onetree. Biology, dendrology and soils are typ-

ically covered in the first two years, whilephysiology, management and pathologyare taught in the final two years at Clemsonand Virginia Tech Universities, amongmany others.

For those universities that want to serveworking people working toward a master’sdegree without requiring a thesis, VirginiaTech provides a highly successful model tofollow. Graduate instruction at theHampton Roads Agricultural ResearchExtension Center began in 1992 with a pro-gram leading to the M.S. in horticulture.Taught in the evenings, courses are offeredin all departments represented at the center.The faculty stays grounded in all phases ofthe industry by balancing their timebetween teaching, research and extension.Working people who not only don’t care towrite a thesis but don’t care about a degree,can take courses there, too. Dr. BonnieAppleton is the graduate coordinator.

We don’t need no thought control…

Or maybe we do. Let’s face it; our abili-ty to concentrate and control our thoughtsis not improved by our modern world’selectronic gadgetry and real-time sensoryoverload. Besides, a four-year universitydegree and beyond does not fit everyone’sneeds, so there are many other ways to getextra education in less time. Almost every-one reading this grew up with a televisionin the house, and much of the younger gen-eration has experience fighting virtualbattles at a mile-a-millisecond in videogames. How can we tame all that technol-ogy and train it toward learning that willresult in greater job growth and the satis-faction of understanding more about trees?

Online college courses are one way, andthey are increasingly popular. ProfessorJoseph Murray of Blue Ridge CommunityCollege in Weyers Cave, Virginia, reportsthat fingers tap quickly on the computer


When asked what the core of a successful urban forestry program should be, the experts said one word: Arboriculture.Which only makes sense – before you can understand how to manage many trees, you must first understand how to man-age one tree. Photo by Nicholas Crawford.


keyboards when it’s online registrationtime for his online course in biology. Thatoffering typically fills to capacity in lessthan three hours. A consulting arborist,Certified Tree Worker and CertifiedArborist-Utility Specialist, Murray is oneof many college faculty around the countrywith real-world work experience worthseeking out. On the BRCC campus,Murray has planted a living arboretumwith a rain garden, an assemblage of his-toric trees, and several research plotscontrasting various pruning styles androot-zone regulation regimens. Murray’sarboriculture program offered on campushas jump started its graduates to successfulcareers as certified arborists in the com-mercial, utility and municipal realms.

Online education also can work for stu-dents in states such as North Dakota wherethere are long distances to cover. MinotState University-Bottineau’s UrbanForestry Technology program is led byanother arborist with considerable fieldexperience, Robert Underwood. Oncecompleted, its nine courses comprise aone-year diploma, and the credits cantransfer to an on-campus AAS or higherdegree program. Underwood’s studentshave ranged from a 61-yr old woman whomailed him more than 100 samples ofherbaceous plants from Philadelphia to sat-isfy a lab requirement, to a 16-year oldwho tackled the Soils course – based on thesame comprehensive textbook, authoredby Philip Craul, as university courses use –so he would not have to take that course oncampus. Underwood has received forestryterm papers from a student in India, and hisstudents on this North Dakota campuswere treated to an hour-long description ofthe desperate state of forestry in the Saharadesert, where a load of firewood can costhalf a year’s pay.

“The huge diversity makes online edu-cation fascinating,” Underwood says.

Universities and community collegesalso offer other alternatives to the tradi-tional semester-long courses. Some offercredit for weekend courses that prepare forcertification testing. Others are builtaround special events, such as a climbingclass. Some manage to cover three credits

of information in just one evening perweek. By connecting with your localschool, you may learn about courses thatwork for you without a long-time commit-ment. You may be able to sit in on a courseto see if it’s right for you. If you can makethe time, full-semester courses can featurefield trips and the chance to meet and learnfrom other students in person, week in andweek out, while you are learning together.

No dark sarcasm in the classroom…

Or maybe there will be some light sar-casm, flavoring of real-life experience in thefield. Not all college courses are dry as thedesert and boring as the emerald ash borer.

For instance, the LandscapeDesign/Build curriculum at ColumbusState Community College in Ohio wasdesigned with the help of 30 professionalsin the landscape industry. Professionals arealso instructors, to ensure that the materialstays fresh and graduates have skills thatare needed in today’s job market. CSCClives up to its motto of offering,“Education that WORKS.” All graduatestake the full curriculum, so no matterwhich of the three they choose to special-ize in, later they are grounded in Design,Construction and Plant Health Care.

The material evidently holds the stu-dents’ attention – 78 percent of studentswho enter the program graduate in theallotted time, compared to 27 percent ofthose entering studies at a nearby universi-ty. This hybridized, interdisciplinaryapproach has several advantages for both

the school – steadier numbers of studentsto keep the program running smoothly –and the student – a broader understandingof the field, and diversified skills to boostemployability. Combining arboriculturewith nursery, turf maintenance or environ-mental science has worked for otherschools. Diversification seems to work.

Community colleges that offer special-ized arboriculture programs often try torecruit students in high schools, but theyrun into two problems. First, the students,faculty, administrators and counselors arenot always aware of arboriculture, and theymay not have the time to learn about it.Second, commercial tree care companiesand municipalities continue to hire youngpeople, show them the basics, and putthem to work. Paying bills right now maymean more to a potential employee than abetter job later, especially to students whoare not aware of all the money that is avail-able to them through grants and loans.

Every student should know aboutFederal Student Aid, an office of the U.S.Department of Education that givesmoney to students. Federal Student Aid’smission is to ensure that all eligibleAmericans benefit from federal financialassistance – grants, loans and work-study programs – for education beyondhigh school. They are the nation’s largestsource of student aid: during the 2005-06school year alone, they gave about $78billion in new aid to nearly 10 millionpost-secondary students and their fami-lies. It looks like there is plenty ofmoney to go around!

For those with a disdain for traditional classroom learning, there are more and more online classes available.

The first step in getting this money is togo to www.fafsa.ed.gov and fill out theFree Application for Federal Student Aid(FAFSA), the fundamental qualifying formused for all federal and government-guar-anteed commercial lenders’ programs – aswell as for many state, regional and privatestudent aid programs. By filling out theonline or paper FAFSA, applicants start theprocess of qualifying for aid. Each year,approximately 14 million FAFSAs areprocessed. With a little help, you can enterthe tree business with more options if youhave some learning under your belt. It’slike joining the Army – if you go to WestPoint first, you have a lot more choicesthan if you enlist.

Hey, teacher, leave those kids alone!

Or, maybe teachers can stand back a lit-tle and watch over students teachingthemselves, as long as they are ready.Colleges offer independent study and spe-cial topics options for students who want tostudy “outside the box” by looking into aparticular question that is not covered in acourse. Some recent examples of inde-pendent study topics that arborists haveundertaken: “What is the nature of wooddecay, and can it be managed?”; “How do

sprouts grow from the end of a brokenbranch, and can they be trained into safebranches?”; and, “What are the mostimportant insect pests in our state, and howcan we control them?”

There are only two ingredients neededfor successful projects: a motivated studentwith a plan, and a faculty member (often aformer professor of the student) who iswilling to guide it. These projects can bevery rewarding, leading to journal publica-tions and qualifying the student for grantsfrom the TREE Fund and other sources.

All in all, its just another brick in the

wall…

Or maybe it’s a load of CEU bricks thathelp build the wall that holds up your cer-tification. College courses are often worthseveral CEUs per credit hour rather thanper course, so one college course could sat-isfy years of certification requirements.And, of course, you can never earn toomany CEUs.

Human capital works to increase growthand enable enrichment for the employee,just as equipment capital such as trucks andtools work for the employer. Today, we

consider human capital as the sum of edu-cation, natural talent, training, andexperience. These fundamental assets fillthe fountain from which future fortunesflow. Adding to our education is likedepositing money in the bank. This processof training the brain and accumulatingknowledge can be envisioned as stackingbricks of gold in our own personal FortKnox. Shigo again: “Remember, ‘learn’has ‘earn’ in it. The more you learn, themore you earn.” Education earns interest asit’s called upon to help us deal with newjob challenges, and unlike trucks and toolsand other forms of capital, it keeps increas-ing in value.

All in all, you’re just another brick in

the wall.

But that doesn’t mean there are bricksin your head. Climbing trees and otherphysical aspects of arboriculture can befun and profitable, but if you start exercis-ing your mental muscles early in yourcareer, you can continue to experienceupward mobility even after your bodytells you to hang up the saddle. This arti-cle has highlighted just a few of the manytypes of programs of higher education thatare available to those who want to growinto the business of tree care. Shop aroundfor different higher education opportuni-ties before you register. Be sure you’rebarking up the right tree, or you may windup on the dark side of the moon!

Training and education are the “meat” ofany career, providing the protein that fur-nishes the strength to advance. We in thetree business are envied for our ability toenjoy what we are doing, but we know thatenjoyment is just the icing on the cake, orchocolate pudding, after we have preparedand eaten a hearty and nutritious meal.

How can you have your pudding if

you don’t eat your meat?

Guy Philip Meilleur is a consultingarborist with Better Tree Care in Apex,N.C., and a lecturer and curator at NorthCarolina State University. He was aninstructor in tree physiology at DukeUniversity and staff arborist at theUniversity of North Carolina.




Arboriculture Urban Forestry ForestryCollege/University by State 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr CommentsALABAMAAuburn University X X BS in Forestry w/ optional emphasis in Urban ForestrySchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Also MS and Ph.D. programs in Forestry108 M. White Smith Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849Sarah Crim, dir. of student services(334) 844-1050, [email protected]

ARIZONANorthern Arizona University X BS, MS and Ph.D.School of Forestry, PO Box 15018, 110 E Pine Knoll Drive degrees in ForestryFlagstaff, AZ 86011-5018(928) 523-8956, www.for.nau.edu

CALIFORNIACalifornia Poly State University X BS in Forestry and Natural Resources w/ a concentration in Urban #212 Administration Building Forestry.San Luis Obispo, CA 93407Dr. Richard Thompson, prog. coord., (805) 756-2898,rpthomps@calpolyedu, www.nrm.calpoly.edu/fnr/

Cayamaca College X AS and cert programs in Arboriculture900 Rancho San Diego ParkwayEl Cajon, California 92019 Brad Monroe, program coord, (619) 660-4261

Univ. California Berkeley X BS in Forestry and Natural Resources, w/ an option for SAFDept. of Environ. Science, Policy & Mgt, 137 Mulford Hall professional forester credentialBerkeley, CA 94720-3114(510) 642-4249, [email protected]://espm.berkeley.edu/ugmajors/FNR/

CONNECTICUTYale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies 2-yr MS in Forestry and in Forest Science; 1-yr. MF for mid-career205 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 professionals w/ at least 7 years’ professional forestry/natural James Gustave Speth, dean, [email protected] resource mgmt. experience(203) 432-5100, 1-800-825-0330, [email protected]/environment

IDAHOUniversity of Idaho X X X BS in Hort/Arboriculture, Conservation Social Sciences, ForestArboriculture and Urban Landscape Ecology Program Resources; minor in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (w/ major in anyP.O. Box 442339, Moscow, ID 83844-2339 program); MS and Ph.D. w/ emphasis in Urban Forestry, Arboriculture,Robert Tripepi, prof (208) 885-6635, [email protected] Urban Landscape Ecology, Hort. Transfers from 2-yr hort. programs atJames R. Fazio, professor (208) 885-7209, [email protected] Boise State Univ. & College of Southern Idaho (CSI optional emphasiswww.uidaho.edu in Arboriculture or Urban Forestry, Dave Kiesig, [email protected])

ILLINOISJoliet Junior College X AAS in Horticulture w/ Nursery Mgt/Arboriculture emphasisDepartment of Horticulture1215 Houbolt Road, Joliet, IL 60431Fredric Miller, professor(815) 280-2740, [email protected], www.JJC.edu

While there are as many as 500 or more college and university programs in this country and around the world that include some arbori-culture or urban forestry components, there are relatively few institutions that offer two- or four-year degrees in arboriculture, urban

forestry or forestry. The Tree Care Industry Association published information on 40 institutions that did offer such programs back inAugust 2005. We’ve updated that information and added more here, with more than 50 colleges and universities represented, so as to haveit available to prospective students as well as potential employers. Any institution not listed here that offers these degrees is encouragedto e-mail [email protected] with the appropriate information. This information will also be available online at www.tcia.org.

KeyAS Associate of ScienceAAS Associate of Applied ScienceBS Bachelor of Sciencecert. CertificateMS Master of SciencePh.D. DoctorateSAF Society of American Foresters


Arboriculture Urban Forestry ForestryCollege/University by State 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr CommentsSouthern Illinois University X BS in Forestry w/ option in Urban ForestryDept. of Forestry, 1205 Lincoln DriveCarbondale, IL 62901-4411John Groninger, prof., (618) 453-3341, [email protected], www.siu.edu/~forestry

Western Illinois University X Arboriculture/Urban Forestry program within the Department ofDept. of Agriculture, 321 Knoblauch Hall Agriculture. Urban Forestry is offered as a degree minorMacomb, Illinois 61455-1390Thomas L. Green, Ph.D., prof. urban/comm. forestry(309) 298-1160, [email protected]/users/mftlg

INDIANAPurdue University X 4-year degree in forestry; BSF, w/ Urban Forestry minor, which Dept. of Forestry & Natural Resources, 195 Marstellar St. includes arboriculture and urban forest management, available West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033 to any majorHarvey A. Holt, (765) 494-3585, [email protected]/fnr/

Vincennes University X AS in Forestry & ConservationEarth Sciences/Agr Dept., 1002 N. First St.Vincennes, IN 47591John Parsons, chairman, (812) [email protected], www.vinu.edu

IOWANortheast Iowa Community College X AAS in ArboricultureP.O. Box 400, Calmar, Iowa 52132-0400Rick Tagtow, arboriculture instructor(563) 562-3263, 1-800-728-2256, [email protected]

LOUSIANASouthern University X BS, MS and Ph.D. degree programs in Urban ForestryCollege of Agriculture, Family and Consumer SciencesBaton Rouge, LA 70813Contact Dr. Kamran Abdollahi(225) 771-6291, [email protected]

MAINEUnity College X BS in Forestry. Also AS and BS in Landscape Horticulture, both w/90 Quaker Hill Road, Unity, Maine 04988 a major tree care component – contact Doug Fox [email protected] Estell, prog. coordinator(207) 948-3131 Ext. 217, [email protected]

University of Maine X Depts. of Forest Ecosystem Science and Forest Mgt. offers BSDepartment of Forest Management degrees in Forestry, Forest Operations Science, Forest EcosystemOrono, ME 04469-5782 Science & Conservation. Also, non-thesis MF degree, an MS inDavid B. Field, prof/dept chair Forestry, and a Ph.D. in Forest [email protected](207) 581-3206, 1-877-4UM-ADMIT, www.forest.umaine.edu

MARYLANDAllegany College of Maryland X AAS in Forest Technology12401 Willowbrook RoadCumberland, MD 21502Steve Resh, prog. coord. (301) 784-5307, [email protected] Jastrzembski, assoc. prof., [email protected]/careers/foresttech/

University of Maryland X BS, MS and Ph.D. degree programs in Plant Science with Urban Urban Forestry Prog., Dept of Plant Science/Landscape Arch. Forestry as an area of specialization2122 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege Park, Maryland 20742-4452Dr. Joe Sullivan, (301) 405-1626, [email protected]


Arboriculture Urban Forestry ForestryCollege/University by State 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr CommentsMASSACHUSETTSStockbridge School X Arboriculture and Community Forest Mgt. 2-year degree withUniversity of Massachusetts, Stockbridge Hall articulation agreement to 4-yr. UMass Forestry BS programAmherst, Massachusetts 01003Kathy Conway, (413) 545-2222, [email protected]/stockbridge

University of Massachusetts X Arboriculture and Community Forest Mgt. 4-year degree program w/Department of Natural Resources, Holdsworth Hall articulation agreement from Stockbridge School’s 2-yr. programAmherst, Massachusetts 01003Dr. Dennis Ryan III, (413) 545-2665, [email protected], www.umass.edu

MICHIGANMichigan State University X BS, MS and Ph.D., all in ForestryDepartment of Forestry, 126 Natural ResourcesEast Lansing, MI 48824-1222Dr. Dan Keathley, (517) 355-0093, [email protected]

MINNESOTAUniversity of Minnesota X X BS in Urban and Community Forestry and in Forest ResourcesDept of Forest Resources, College of Natural Resources Both SAF accredited135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford CircleSt. Paul, MN 55108-6146Alan R. Ek, prof./dept. head, (612) 624-3400, (612) 624-3098,(612) 624-6768, [email protected]/FR

MISSISSIPPIMississippi State University X X BS in Forestry w/ options in Forest Mgt. and Urban ForestryDepartment of Forestry, Box 9681 ` MS in Forestry. Ph.D. in Forest Resources.Mississippi State, MS 39762James P. Shepard, prof/dept. head, [email protected] Grebner, (662) 325-2949, [email protected]/forestry/main.htm

MISSOURIUniversity of Missouri X X BS in Forestry w/option in Urban ForestryDepartment of Forestry, 203 ABNR BuildingColumbia, MO 65211Stephen G. Pallardy, professor(573) 882-3548, [email protected]/forestry/

MONTANAUniversity of Montana X SAF-accredited BS in Forestry w/ option in Forest Resources Mgt, orCollege of Forestry and Conservation, 32 Campus Drive Forest Operations and Applied RestorationMissoula, MT 59812(406) 243-5521, (406) 243-4845Shonna Trowbridge, director of student services(406) 243-4844, [email protected]/

NEW HAMPSHIREUniversity of New Hampshire X X SAF-accredited BS in Forestry. Also, SAF-recognized AA in ForestCollege of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 215 James Hall Technology, that includes arboriculture - contact Prof. MattDurham, NH 03824 Chagnon, [email protected] J. Ducey, assoc. prof./forestry prog. coord.(603) 862-4429, [email protected]/natural-resources/ug-for.html

NEW JERSEYRutgers, The State University of New Jersey X New Urban Forestry Program, requisites to be determined. Will haveCook College. Dept. of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources 4-yr. undergrad program, in addition to grad. & doctural programs14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901Dr. Micheal Sukhdeo, department chairJason Grabosky, urban forester(732) 932-0050, [email protected]


Arboriculture Urban Forestry ForestryCollege/University by State 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr CommentsNEW MEXICONew Mexico State University X BS in Horticulture w/ Urban Forestry optionDept. of Agronomy and Horticulture, MSC 3QLas Cruces, NM 88003Dr. John Mexal, (505) 646-3335, [email protected]://aghort.nmsu.edu

NEW YORKPaul Smith's College X X BS in Forestry w/ Vegetation Management concentrationForestry, Natural Resources & Recreation Div. AAS in Urban Tree Mgt - Randall Swanson, program coordinator,P.O. Box 265, Route 86 & 30, Paul Smiths, NY 12970-0265 (518) 327-3379; [email protected] Fuller, acting dean, (518) 327-6411 or 6236, [email protected], www.paulsmiths.edu

NORTH CAROLINADuke University 2-yr MF in Forest Resource Mgt (SAF accredited): joint degrees w/Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences MS of Environmental Mgt, law, business and public policy; 1-yr MFBox 90330, Durham, NC 27708-0330 option w/ BS in Forestry from accredited forestry schoolCynthia Peters, assistant dean, (919) [email protected], www.nicholas.duke.edu

North Carolina State University X X BS in Forest Mgt w/ Urban Forestry concentration, Dept. of Forestry NCSU Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 and Environmental Resources. Articulation agreements w/ 4Dr. Barry Goldfarb, dept. head, (919) 515-4471 community colleges offering forest technology: Montgomery CC,[email protected], www.ncsu.edu Southeastern CC, Wayne CC and Haywood CC

NORTH DAKOTAMinot State University-Bottineau Campus X AAS & AS in Urban Forest Mgt (Municipal & Commercial 105 Simrall Bldv, Bottineau, ND 58318 Arboriculture); 1-yr diploma in Urban Forest Mgt (on campusRobert Underwood, assoc. prof, (701) 228-5434, and on-line); certificate program online1-800-542-6866, [email protected]

OHIOHocking College X X AAS in Forestry, ATS/Assoc Technical Studies in Timber School of Natural Resources harvesting/Tree Care, ATS in Urban Forestry3301 Hocking Pkwy, Nelsonville, OH 45764Dale Hatfield, instructor, (740) 753-6582,[email protected], www.hocking.edu

Kent State University-Salem Campus X X AAS in Arboriculture & Urban ForestryHorticulture Technology Dept, 2491 SR 45 SouthSalem, OH 44460Chris Carlson, assoc. prof. arbor & urban forestry(330) 337-4220, [email protected], www.salem.kent.edu

Ohio State University X X BS Natrual Resources w/ options in Urban Forestry and in ForestryThe School of Natural Resources, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1085Davis Sydnor, urban forestry prof.(614) 292-2265, [email protected], http://snr.osu.edu

OREGONOregon State University X BS in Forest Mgt, Recreation Resource Mgt, Natural Resources,College of Forestry, 140 Peavy Hall Forest Engineering, Forest Engineering/Civil Engineering, ForestCorvallis, OR 97331-57102 Operations Mgt, Wood Science and Technology.(541) 737-2004, [email protected] Advanced degrees include MF, MS, Ph.D.www.forestry.oregonstate.edu

PENNSYLVANIAPenn State University X X Urban Forestry option in Forest Science major, leading to BSSchool of Forest Resources, College of Agri Science201 Ferguson Building, University Park PA 16801Paul Blankenhorn, assoc. dir. academic programs(814) 865-3595, [email protected], www.sfr.cas.psu.edu/

Penn State Mont Alto X AS in Forest Technology with an emphasis on arboriculture and 1 Campus Drive, Mont Alto, PA 17237 plant health careCraig T. Houghton, program coordinator(717) 749-6239, [email protected], www.ma.psu.edu


Arboriculture Urban Forestry ForestryCollege/University by State 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr 2 yr 4 yr CommentsSOUTH CAROLINAClemson University X Urban forestry minor available to any majorDept. of Forest Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall Box 340317Clemson, SC 29634-0317Dr. Patricia Layton, (864) 656-3302, [email protected],www.registrar.clemson.edu/publicat/catalog/2005/minors.html

SOUTH DAKOTASouth Dakota State University X New BS in Horticulture with an emphasis in Arboriculture.Dept. of Hort., Forestry, Landscape & Parks, Web page under constructionRm 201 Northern Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007Dr. John Ball, (605) 688-4737, [email protected]

TEXASArthur Temple College of Forestry & Agriculture X BS in Forestry w/ Urban Forestry optionStephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-6109Dr. Hans M. Williams, urban forestry advisor, (936) [email protected], www.sfasu.edu/forestry/

Texas A&M University X X BS in Urban Forestry within forestry degree - Specialties inDept of Forest Science, Room 323 Hort/Forest Science Bldg. Arboriculture, Urban Forest Management, Forest Management, orCollege Station, TX 77843-2135 Forest Resources. Plans to develop separate Urban Forestry degreeW. Todd Watson, Ph.D., asst. prof. urban/community forestry with options in Arboriculture and Urban Forest Management(979) 458-1753, http://urbanforestry.tamu.edu

UTAHUtah State University X BS in ForestryCollege of Natural Resources, 5200 Old Main HillLogan, UT 84322-5200Maureen Wagner, (435) 797-2448, [email protected]

VERMONTUniversity of Vermont X BS in ForestryRubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources324 George D. Aiken Center, Burlington, VT 05405John Shane, chair, (802) 656-2907, [email protected]/~envnr/

VIRGINIADabney S. Lancaster Community College X AAS Forestry Technology, incl. courses in Urban ForestryP.O. Box 1000, 1000 Dabney Drive, Clifton Forge, VA 24422 Additional contact: Milt McGrady, forestry instructorBrigitte Parsons, Forestry Program head (540) 863-2893, [email protected](540) 863-2894, [email protected], www.dslcc.edu

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University X X BS in Forestry w/ option in Urban Forestry. Also MS, MF and Ph.D. Department of Forestry, 313 Cheatham Hall in Forestry w/ an Urban Forestry specialization availableBlacksburg, Virginia 24061-0324Dr. P. Eric Wiseman, asst prof Urban Forestry & Arboriculture(540) 231-5148, [email protected], www.cnr.vt.edu/urbanforestry

WASHINGTONWashington State University-Pullman X BS in Natural Resource Sciences w/ major in ForestryForestry Sciences, Pullman, WA 99164Keith Blatner, (509) 335-6166, [email protected]

University of Washington X BS in Environmental Science and Resource Mgt w/ coursework College of Forest Resources available in Forestry, Horticulture and Restoration; MS w/Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100 specialization in Urban ForestryJeff Aken, grad. program coord., (206) [email protected], www.cfr.washington.edu

WISCONSINMid-State Technical College X Urban Forestry Technician; 2 yr associate degree with articulation500 32nd St. North, Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54494 agreement into the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point UrbanRon Zillmer, (715) 422-5375, Forestry BS [email protected], www.mstc.edu

University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point X BS in Urban Forestry and MS in Natural Resources w/ emphasis inCollege of NR, 367 College of Natural Resources, Rm 180 CNR Urban Forestry. Very active Student Society of ArboricultureStevens Point, Wisconsin 54481 (www.uwsp.edu/stuorg/ssa/index.htm)Sue Kissinger, (715) 346-4189, [email protected]

By Kristin Wild

It doesn’t take a research scientist toknow that money doesn’t grow ontrees. Many of us make a living from

trees in one way or another, and most of uswork hard in the tree care industry to savemoney for a house, and then college for thekids, and ultimately retirement. Sincemoney doesn’t grow on trees, we know it’svery important to use it wisely – includinghow we spend it for charitable purposes.

You may have heard about charitable-gift annuities, which make great sense forfolks who want to make a sizeable contri-bution to a favorite charity while they’restill around to observe the results of theirgood deed. I’m no financial expert and,unfortunately, I’m in no position to retireyet, but this concept really caught my eye –not only as a way to benefit the TREEFund, but also to reap tax savings. Here’s adescription in layman’s terms.

With a charitable-gift annuity, yourdonation goes to a qualified non-profitorganization that, depending on your age atthe time, provides you with a certain per-centage back as income. You get a healthytax deduction, a steady stream of income,and the warmth in your heart that comesfrom supporting your favorite cause.

As a 501(c)3 non-profit organization, theTREE Fund is qualified to accept thesekinds of contributions and is willing towork with individuals and theirfinancial/tax advisors to maximize the taxadvantages to the donor as they put theirgenerosity to work.

Before handing over your hard-earnedmoney to any charity or non-profit, it’simportant to know that the organization isreputable and will be around long enoughto fulfill its commitment. In favor of theTREE Fund, you should know that the

organization has been supporting arbori-culture research and education for 30 yearsnow. The TREE Fund also benefits from asolid, experienced executive director inJanet Bornancin, hard working staff mem-bers Lynn Day and Kristen Spatafora, plusa more streamlined, diverse and devotedBoard of Trustees, making the organizationbetter equipped than ever before to fulfillits mission and strategic goals.

If you’re interested in researching thefinancial status of a non-profit organizationor charity of your choice, check out theirIRS Form 990, which can be found throughwww.guidestar.org. At the TREE Fund, youwill see that our program expenditures(grants and scholarships) are on the upwardtrend and our management expenses are ona downward trend. We are improving ourefficiencies and will continue to do so as wecomplete our Strategic Plan for 2007-2010.

One of the goals of the TREE Fund’sStrategic Plan is to decrease reliance onspecial events and increase our capacity forplanned giving options like charitable-giftannuities. As the TREE Fund grows itsendowment, the resulting increase ininvestment income will fuel the expansionof our grants and scholarship programs. Weexpect that this will ultimately reduce our

dependence on special event donations.

We understand that money doesn’t growon trees. Likewise, we know that your sup-port of the TREE Fund will help us findways to keep our urban and communitytrees healthy and working for a better envi-ronment for years to come.

Mark your calendar

Okay, I know we just said that we wantto decrease our reliance on special eventincome. But that doesn’t mean we’re goingto ditch our traditional events like theRobert Felix Memorial Golf Outing, theTour des Trees and our Gala Auction. Wejust want to make them more fun, efficientand effective! So here’s what is coming up.

The TREE Fund Tour des Trees will beconducting its own “Shade Crusade” inbeautiful Northern California from July20-26. This fabulous and challenging routeis posted on the new and improvedwww.tourdestrees.org. Sign up to ride,make a pledge or become a corporate spon-sor. You can peruse the Sponsor BenefitsPackage on www.treefund.org.

For those of you who may be attendingthe ISA annual conference and trade showin Honolulu, Hawaii, we are planning a funand exciting one-day Tour des Trees on theisland of Oahu. Asplundh will once againhost a golf outing to benefit the TREEFund, and on Monday, July 30, the GalaAuction will feature online bidding and agorgeous outdoor waterside setting. Welook forward to your participation at one orall of these special FUNdraising events!

Contact the Tree Research andEducation Endowment Fund at 711 E.Roosevelt Road, Wheaton, IL 60187, or(630) 221-8127, or via www.treefund.org.

Kristin Wild works in corporate commu-nications for Asplundh Tree Expert Co. andis a TREE Fund board member.


The TREE Fund was the grateful beneficiary of roughly$18,000 thanks to Jerry Morey, far right, of BanditIndustries who organized the chipper auction at the TCIEXPO, and the auction’s winning bidder, Tim Gamma, sec-ond from right, of Gamma Shield Shade Tree Service in St.Louis, Mo. Joining in the happy occasion were JanetBornancin, TREE Fund executive director, far left, andCynthia Mills, TCIA president and CEO.

TREE Fund

For Tree Care Operations —Tree, Shrub, and Other WoodyPlant Management – StandardPractices (Pruning)Secretariat, and published by, Tree CareIndustry Association, Inc., 3 Perimeter Road– Unit 1, Manchester, NH 031031-800-733-2622, (603) 314-5380, Fax: (603)314-5386, E-mail: [email protected]: www.tcia.orgContents

Foreword1 ANSI A300 Standards – Scope, pur-pose, and application2 Part 1 – Pruning Standards3 Normative References4 Definitions5 Pruning practices5.10 Utility pruningFigures4.5 Standard branch definitions5.3.2 A pruning cut that removes a branch5.3.3 A pruning cut that reduces the length

of a branch or stem5.3.7 A final cut that removes a branch with

a narrow angle of attachment5.8.3a Frond removal location5.8.3b A rooster-tailed palmAnnex A – Pruning cut guidelineAnnex B – Specification writing guidelineAnnex C – Applicable ANSI A300 interpre-tationsForeword (This foreword will not be part ofAmerican National Standard A300 Part 1-200x Pruning)

An industry-consensus standard must havethe input of the industry that it is intended toaffect. The Accredited Standards CommitteeA300 was approved June 28, 1991. The com-mittee includes representatives from theresidential and commercial tree care industry,the utility, municipal, and federal sectors, thelandscape and nursery industries, and otherinterested organizations. Representatives fromvaried geographic areas with broad knowledgeand technical expertise contributed.

The A300 standards can be best placed inproper context if one reads the Scope,Purpose, and Application. If approved afterthe public comment period, this documentwill present performance standards for thecare and maintenance of trees, shrubs, andother woody plants. If approved after thepublic comment period, this document willbe used as a guide in the drafting of mainte-nance specifications for federal, state,municipal, and private authorities including

property owners, property managers, andutilities.

The A300 standards stipulate that specifi-cations for tree work should be written andadministered by a professional possessing thetechnical competence to provide for, orsupervise, the management of woody land-scape plants. Users of these standards mustfirst interpret wording, then apply theirknowledge of growth habits of certain plantspecies in a given environment. In this man-ner, the user ultimately develops his or herown specifications for plant maintenance.

When approved, ANSI A300 Part 1 –Pruning will be used in conjunction with therest of the A300 standards when writing spec-ifications for tree care operations.

(For a list of ASC A300 committee mem-bers see the entire draft at the Web site listedabove.)

ASC A300 mission statement:Mission: To develop and promote consensusstandards based on current research andsound practice for writing specifications tomanage trees and shrubs 1 ANSI A300 standards1.1 ScopeANSI A300 standards present performancestandards for the care and management oftrees, shrubs, and other woody plants.1.2 PurposeANSI A300 standards are intended as guidesfor federal, state, municipal and private enti-ties including arborists, property owners,property managers, and utilities in the devel-opment of their management specifications.1.3 ApplicationANSI A300 standards shall apply to any per-son or entity engaged in the management oftrees, shrubs, or other woody plants.2 Part 1 – Pruning standards2.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to providestandards for developing specifications for

tree pruning.2.2 Reasons for pruningThe reasons for tree pruning may include, butare not limited to, reducing risk, managingtree health and structure, improving aesthet-ics, or achieving specific objectives. Pruningpractices for agricultural, horticultural pro-duction, or silvicultural purposes are exemptfrom this standard.2.3 Implementation2.3.1 Specifications for pruning should bewritten and administered by an arborist.2.3.2 Pruning specifications shall beadhered to.2.4 Safety2.4.1 Pruning shall be implemented by anarborist, familiar with the practices and haz-ards of pruning and the equipment used insuch operations.2.4.2 This standard shall not take prece-dence over applicable industry safe workpractices.2.4.3 Operations shall comply with applica-ble Federal and State Occupational Safetyand Health standards, ANSI Z133.1, FIFRA,Federal EPA, as well as state and local regu-lations.3 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions,which, through reference in the text, consti-tute provisions of this American NationalStandard. All standards are subject to revi-sion, and parties to agreements based on thisAmerican National Standard shall apply themost recent edition of the standards indicatedbelow.ANSI Z60.1, Nursery stockANSI Z133.1, Arboriculture – Safety require-ments29 CFR 1910, General industry 1)29 CFR 1910.268, Telecommunications 1)29 CFR 1910.269, Electric power generation,transmission, and distribution 1)29 CFR 1910.331-335, Electrical safety-related work practices 1)


Standards & Compliance


4 Definitions

4.1 anvil-type pruning tool: A pruningtool that has a sharp, straight blade that cutsagainst a flat metal cutting surface, in con-trast to a hook-and-blade-type pruning tool(4.22).4.2 arboriculture: The art, science, tech-nology, and business of commercial, public,and utility tree care.4.3 arborist: An individual engaged inthe profession of arboriculture who, throughexperience, education, and related training,possesses the competence to provide for orsupervise the management of trees and otherwoody plants.4.4 arborist trainee: An individualundergoing on-the-job training to obtain theexperience and the competence required toprovide for or supervise the management oftrees and other woody plants. Such traineesshall be under the direct supervision of anarborist.4.5 branch: A shoot or stem growingfrom a parent branch or stem (See Fig. 4.5).Figure 4.5 Standard branch definitions.4.6 branch bark ridge: The raised areaof bark in the branch crotch that marks wherethe branch and parent stem meet. (See Figs.5.3.2, 5.3.3, and 5.3.7).4.7 branch collar: The swollen area atthe base of a branch. 4.8 callus: Undifferentiated tissue formedby the cambium around a wound.4.9 cambium: The dividing layer of cellsthat forms sapwood (xylem) to the inside andinner bark (phloem) to the outside.4.10 clean: Selective pruning to removeone or more of the following non-beneficialparts: dead, diseased, and/or broken branches(5.6.3.1).4.11 climbing spurs: Sharp, pointeddevices affixed to a climber’s boots used toassist in climbing trees. (syn.: gaffs, hooks,spurs, spikes, climbers)4.12 closure: The process by which awoody plant covers a pruning cut or injurywith woundwood.4.13 codominant branches/codominant

leaders: Forked branches arising from acommon junction, having nearly the samesize diameter and lacking a branch collar(See Fig. 4.5).[See all figures online at Website listed earlier]4.14 crown: The leaves and branches of atree measured from the lowest branch on thetrunk to the top of the tree.4.15 decay: The degradation of woody tis-sue caused by microorganisms.4.16 espalier: The combination of pruning,supporting, and training branches to orient aplant in one plane (5.7).4.17 establishment: The point after plant-ing when a tree’s root system has grownsufficiently into the surrounding soil to sup-port shoot growth and anchor the tree.

4.18 facility: A structure or equipmentused to deliver or provide protection for thedelivery of an essential service, such as elec-tricity or communications.4.19 frond: A leaf of a palm.4.20 heading: The process of using head-ing cuts to meet an established objective. 4.21 heading cut: A cut that reduces a one-year-old shoot back to a bud, or cutting abranch to a stub or branch that is not largeenough to assume the terminal role. 4.22 hook-and-blade-type pruning tool:

A pruning tool that has a sharp curved bladethat overlaps a supporting hook; in contrast toan anvil-type pruning tool (4.1). (syn.: by-pass pruner)4.23 interfering branches: Crossing, rub-bing, or upright branches that have thepotential to damage tree structure and/orhealth.4.24 internodal cut: A cut located betweenlateral branches or buds. 4.25 job briefing: The communication ofat least the following subjects for arboricul-tural operations: hazards associated with thejob, work procedures involved, special pre-cautions, electrical hazards, job assignments,and personal protective equipment.4.26 lateral branch: A shoot or stemgrowing from another branch (See Fig. 4.5).4.27 leader: A dominant, typically upright,stem – usually the main trunk. There can beseveral leaders in one tree.4.28 lion’s tailing: The removal of anexcessive number of inner and/or lower later-al branches from parent branches. Lion’stailing is not an acceptable pruning practice(5.5.9). 4.29 live crown ratio: Crown height rela-tive to overall height.4.30 mechanical pruning: A utility pruningtechnique where large-scale power equipmentis used to cut back branches (5.10.2.2).4.31 parent branch or stem: A tree trunkor branch from which other branches orshoots grow (See Fig. 4.5).4.32 peeling: For palms: The removal ofdead frond bases without damaging livingtrunk tissue at the point they make contactwith the trunk. (syn.: shaving)4.33 petiole: A stalk of a leaf or frond.4.34 phloem: Inner bark conducting tis-sues that transport organic substances,primarily carbohydrates and hormones, fromleaves and stems to other parts of the plant.4.35 pollarding: pruning type in whichtree branches are initially headed and thenreduced on a regular basis without disturbingthe callus knob (5.9).4.36 pruning: The selective removal ofplant parts to meet specific goals and objec-tives.4.37 qualified line-clearance arborist:

An individual who, through related trainingand on-the-job experience, is familiar with

the equipment and hazards in line clearanceand has demonstrated the ability to performthe special techniques involved. This individ-ual may or may not be currently employed bya line-clearance contractor.4.38 qualified line-clearance arborist

trainee: An individual undergoing line-clear-ance training under the direct supervision ofa qualified line-clearance arborist. In thecourse of such training, the trainee becomesfamiliar with the equipment and hazards in


line clearance and demonstrates ability in theperformance of the special techniquesinvolved.4.39 raise: Selective pruning to providevertical clearance (5.6.3.2).4.40 reduce: Selective pruning to decreaseheight and/or spread (5.6.3.3).4.41 reduction cut: A cut that decreasesthe length of a branch or stem back to a later-al large enough to assume the terminal role.4.42 remote/rural areas: Locations asso-ciated with very little human activity, landimprovement, or development.4.43 restoration: Selective pruning toredevelop structure, form, and appearance ofseverely headed, vandalized, or damagedtrees (5.6.3.4).4.44 scaffold branch: A larger branch thathelps to form the main structure of the crown(See Fig. 4.5).4.45 shall: As used in this standard,denotes a mandatory requirement.4.46 shoot: Stem or branch and its leaves,especially when young.4.47 should: As used in this standard,denotes an advisory recommendation.4.48 specifications: A document stating adetailed, measurable plan or proposal for pro-vision of a product or service.4.49 sprouts: New shoots originating from

epicormic or adventitious buds. (syn.: epi-cormic shoots)4.50 standards, ANSI A300: Performanceparameters established by industry consensusas a rule for the measure of quantity, weight,extent, value, or quality.4.51 structural pruning: Selective prun-ing to improve branch architecture (5.6.3.5).4.52 stub: An undesirable length of branchremaining after a break or incorrect pruningcut is made.4.53 subordination: The reduction of lead-ers or branches to decrease their growth rateand meet an objective.4.54 thin: Selective pruning to reduce den-sity of live branches (5.6.3.6).4.55 thinning cut: A cut that removes abranch at its point of origin.4.56 throwline: A small, lightweight linewith a weighted end used to position aclimber’s rope in a tree.4.57 topping: The reduction of a tree’s sizeusing internodal cuts that shorten branches.Topping is not an acceptable pruning practice(5.5.9).4.58 tracing: The removal of loose, dam-aged tissue from in and around the wound.4.59 trunk: The main woody part of a treebeginning at and including the trunk flare andextending up into the crown from which scaf-fold branches grow.4.60 trunk flare: 1. The area at the base ofthe plant’s stem or trunk where the stem ortrunk broadens to form roots. 2. The area oftransition between the root system and thestem or trunk.4.61 urban/residential areas: Locations,such as populated areas including public andprivate property, that are normally associatedwith human activity.4.62 utility: A public or private entity thatdelivers a public service, such as electricityor communications.4.63 utility space: The physical area occu-pied by a utility’s facilities and the additionalspace required to ensure its operation.4.64 vista prune: Selective pruning toenhance a specific view without jeopardizingthe health of the tree (5.6.3.7).4.65 wound: An opening that is createdwhen the bark of a live branch or stem is cut,penetrated, damaged, or removed.4.66 woundwood: Partially differentiatedtissue responsible for closing wounds.Woundwood develops from callus associatedwith wounds.4.67 xylem: Wood tissue. Active (translo-cating) xylem is sapwood; inactive(non-translocating) xylem functions mainlyfor support and chemical deposition. 5 Pruning practices

5.1 Tree inspection5.1.1 An arborist or arborist trainee shallvisually inspect each tree before beginningwork.

5.1.2 If a condition is observed requiringattention beyond the original scope of thework, the condition should be reported to animmediate supervisor, the owner, or the per-son responsible for authorizing the work.5.2 Tools and equipment5.2.1 Equipment and work practices thatdamage living tissue and bark beyond thescope of the work should be avoided.5.2.2 Climbing spurs shall not be used whenclimbing trees for the purpose of pruning.Exceptions: - when branches are more than throwline dis-tance apart and there is no other means ofclimbing the tree; - when the bark is thick enough to preventdamage to the cambium;- in remote or rural utility rights-of-way.5.3 Pruning cutsOne of the following pruning cuts, or anycombination of the following pruning cuts,shall be used to achieve the establishedobjective.A. Thinning cut: A cut that removes abranch at its point of origin.B. Reduction cut: A cut that decreases thelength of a branch or stem back to a laterallarge enough to assume the terminal role.C. Heading cut: A cut that reduces a one-year-old shoot back to a bud, or cutting abranch to a stub or branch that is not largeenough to assume the terminal role. 5.3.1 Pruning tools used in making pruningcuts shall be sharp.5.3.2 A pruning cut that removes a branch atits point of origin shall be made close to thetrunk or parent branch without cutting intothe branch bark ridge or branch collar or leav-ing a stub (see Figure 5.3.2).Figure 5.3.2. A pruning cut that removes abranch at its point of origin shall be madeclose to the trunk or parent branch withoutcutting into the branch bark ridge or branchcollar or leaving a stub. Branches too large tosupport with one hand shall be precut toavoid splitting of the wood or tearing of thebark (See Annex A – Pruning cut guideline).5.3.3 A pruning cut that reduces the lengthof a branch or parent stem should bisect theangle between its branch bark ridge and animaginary line perpendicular to the branch orstem (see Figure 5.3.3).Figure 5.3.3. A pruning cut that reduces thelength of a branch or parent stem shouldbisect the angle between its branch bark ridgeand an imaginary line perpendicular to thebranch or stem.5.3.4 The final cut should result in a flat sur-face with adjacent bark firmly attached. 5.3.5 When removing a dead branch, thefinal cut shall be made just outside the collarof living tissue.5.3.6 Tree branches shall be removed insuch a manner so as not to cause damage toother parts of the tree or to other plants or



property. Branches too large to support withone hand shall be precut to avoid splitting ofthe wood or tearing of the bark (see Figure5.3.2). Where necessary, ropes or otherequipment shall be used to lower largebranches or portions of branches to theground.5.3.7 A cut that removes a branch with anarrow angle of attachment should be madefrom the outside of the branch to preventdamage to the parent branch (see Figure5.3.7).Figure 5.3.7. A final cut that removes abranch with a narrow angle of attachmentshould be made from the outside of thebranch to prevent damage to the parentbranch.5.3.8 Severed branches shall be removedfrom the crown upon completion of the prun-ing, at times when the tree would be leftunattended, or at the end of the workday.5.4 Wound treatment5.4.1 Wound treatments should not be usedto cover wounds or pruning cuts, exceptwhen recommended for disease, insect,mistletoe, or sprout control, or for cosmeticreasons.5.4.2 Wound treatments that are damagingto tree tissues shall not be used.5.4.3 When tracing wounds, only loose,damaged tissue should be removed.5.5 Pruning objectives5.5.1 Pruning objectives shall be estab-lished prior to beginning any pruningoperation.5.5.2 Established objectives should be spec-ified in writing (See Annex B – Specificationwriting guideline).5.5.3 When repeated pruning is necessaryfor a tree to avoid conflicts with elementssuch as infrastructure, view, traffic, or utili-ties, removal or relocation shall beconsidered.5.5.4 To obtain the defined objective, thegrowth cycles and structure of individualspecies and the type of pruning to be per-formed should be considered.5.5.5 Not more than 25 percent of thefoliage should be removed within an annualgrowing season. The percentage and distribu-tion of foliage to be removed shall beadjusted according to the plant’s species, age,health, and site.5.5.6 When pruning to a lateral, the remain-ing lateral branch should be large enough toassume the terminal role.5.5.7 Pruning cuts should be made in accor-dance with section 5.3 Pruning cuts.5.5.8 Heading cuts should be consideredacceptable when establishing objectives.5.5.9 Topping and lion’s tailing shall beconsidered unacceptable pruning practicesfor trees.5.6 Pruning types5.6.1 All pruning types should be achieved

with thinning or reducing cuts.5.6.2 Heading cuts shall be consideredacceptable for shrub pruning or in limited sit-uations to meet established objectives.5.6.3 Specifications for pruning should con-sist of, but are not limited to, one or more ofthe following types:5.6.3.1Clean: Cleaning shall consist of selec-tive pruning to remove one or more of thefollowing non-beneficial parts: dead, dis-eased, and/or broken branches.5.6.3.1.1 Location of parts to beremoved shall be specified.5.6.3.1.2 Size range of parts to beremoved shall be specified.5.6.3.2Raise: Raising shall consist of selec-tive pruning to provide vertical clearance.5.6.3.2.1 Vertical clearance shall bespecified. 5.6.3.2.2 Location and size range ofparts to be removed should be specified.5.6.3.2.3 Live crown ratio should not bereduced to less than 50 percent. 5.6.3.3Reduce: Reducing shall consist ofselective pruning to decrease height and/orspread. 5.6.3.3.1 Consideration shall be given tothe ability of a species to tolerate this type ofpruning.5.6.3.3.2 Location of parts to beremoved or clearance requirements should bespecified. 5.6.3.3.3 Size range of parts should bespecified.5.6.3.4Restoration: Restoration shall consistof selective pruning to redevelop structure,form, and appearance of severely headed,vandalized, or damaged trees.5.6.3.4.1 Location in tree, size range ofparts, and percentage of sprouts to beremoved should be specified.5.6.3.5Structural prune: Structural pruningshall consist of selective pruning to improvebranch architecture primarily on young- andmedium-aged trees.5.6.3.5.1 Size and location of leaders orbranches to be subordinated or removedshould be specified.5.6.3.5.2 Central leader(s) should beselected for development as appropriate.5.6.3.5.3 Strong, properly spaced scaf-fold branch structure should be selected andmaintained.5.6.3.5.4 Temporary branches should beretained or reduced as appropriate.5.6.3.5.5 Interfering and poorly attachedbranches should be removed or reduced.5.6.3.5.6 At planting, pruning should belimited to cleaning (5.6.3.1).5.6.3.6Thin: Thinning shall consist of selec-tive pruning to reduce density of livebranches.5.6.3.6.1 Thinning should result in aneven distribution of branches on individualbranches and throughout the crown.

5.6.3.6.2 Not more than 25 percent ofthe crown should be removed within an annu-al growing season.5.6.3.6.3 Location of parts to beremoved shall be specified.5.6.3.6.4 Percentage of foliage and sizerange of parts to be removed shall be speci-fied.5.6.3.7Vista prune: Vista pruning shall consistof selective pruning to enhance a specific viewwithout jeopardizing the health of the tree.





5.6.3.7.1 Pruning type(s) shall be speci-fied.5.6.3.7.2 Size range of parts, location intree, and percentage of foliage to be removedshould be specified.5.7 Espalier5.7.1 Branches that extend outside thedesired plane of growth shall be pruned ortied back. 5.7.2 Ties should be replaced as needed toprevent girdling the branches at the attach-ment site.5.8 Palm pruning5.8.1 Palm pruning should be performedwhen fronds, fruit, or loose petioles may cre-ate a dangerous condition.5.8.2 Live healthy fronds should not beremoved.5.8.3 Live, healthy fronds above horizontalshall not be removed. Exception: Palmsencroaching on electric supply lines (See Fig.5.8.3a and 5.8.3b). Figure 5.8.3a Frond removal location.Figure 5.8.3b A rooster-tailed palm.5.8.4 Fronds removed should be severedclose to the petiole base without damagingliving trunk tissue.5.8.5 Palm peeling (shaving) should consistof the removal of only the dead frond bases atthe point they make contact with the trunkwithout damaging living trunk tissue.5.9 Pollarding5.9.1 Consideration shall be given to theability of the individual tree to respond topollarding. 5.9.2 Management plans shall be madeprior to the start of the pollarding process forroutine removal of sprouts.5.9.3 Heading cuts shall be made at specificlocations to start the pollarding process. Afterthe initial cuts are made, no additional head-ing cuts shall be made.5.9.4 Sprouts growing from the cut ends ofbranches (knuckles) should be removedannually during the dormant season.5.10 Utility pruning5.10.1 General5.10.1.1 The purpose of utility pruningis to prevent the loss of service, comply withmandated clearance laws, prevent damage toequipment, avoid access impairment, anduphold the intended usage of the facility/util-ity space.5.10.1.2 Only a qualified line clearancearborist or line clearance arborist trainee shallbe assigned to line clearance work in accor-dance with ANSI Z133.1, 29 CFR1910.331-335, 29 CFR 1910.268 or 29 CFR1910.269. 5.10.1.3 Utility pruning operations areexempt from requirements in subclause 5.1,Tree Inspection.5.10.1.4 Job briefings shall be per-formed as outlined in ANSI Z133.1,subclause 3.1.4.

5.10.2 Utility crown reduction pruning5.10.2.1 Urban/residential environment5.10.2.1.1 Pruning cuts should be madein accordance with subclause 5.3, Pruningcuts. The following requirements and recom-mendations of 5.10.2.1.1 are repeated fromsubclause 5.3 Pruning cuts.5.10.2.1.1.1 A pruning cut that removes abranch at its point of origin shall be madeclose to the trunk or parent branch, withoutcutting into the branch bark ridge or collar, orleaving a stub (see Figure 5.3.2). 5.10.2.1.1.2 A pruning cut that reduces thelength of a branch or parent stem shouldbisect the angle between its branch bark ridgeand an imaginary line perpendicular to thebranch or stem (see Figure 5.3.3).5.10.2.1.1.3 The final cut shall result in aflat surface with adjacent bark firmlyattached.5.10.2.1.1.4 When removing a deadbranch, the final cut shall be made just out-side the collar of living tissue.5.10.2.1.1.5 Tree branches shall beremoved in such a manner so as not to causedamage to other parts of the tree or to otherplants or property. Branches too large to sup-port with one hand shall be precut to avoidsplitting of the wood or tearing of the bark(see Figure 5.3.2). Where necessary, ropes orother equipment shall be used to lower largebranches or portions of branches to theground.5.10.2.1.1.6 A final cut that removes abranch with a narrow angle of attachmentshould be made from the bottom of thebranch to prevent damage to the parentbranch (see Figure 5.3.7).5.10.2.1.2 A minimum number of prun-ing cuts should be made to accomplish thepurpose of facility/utility pruning. The natu-ral structure of the tree should be considered.5.10.2.1.3 Trees directly under and grow-ing into facility/utility spaces should beremoved or pruned. Such pruning should bedone by removing entire branches or byremoving branches that have laterals growinginto (or once pruned, will grow into) thefacility/utility space.5.10.2.1.4 Trees growing next to, andinto or toward, facility/utility spaces shouldbe pruned by reducing branches to laterals(5.3.3) to direct growth away from the utilityspace or by removing entire branches.Branches that, when cut, will produce sproutsthat would grow into facilities and/or utilityspace should be removed.5.10.2.1.5 Branches should be cut to lat-erals or the parent branch and not at apre-established clearing limit. If clearancelimits are established, pruning cuts should bemade at laterals or parent branches outsidethe specified clearance zone.5.10.2.2 Rural/remote locations –mechanical pruning

Cuts should be made close to the main stem,outside of the branch bark ridge and branchcollar. Precautions should be taken to avoidstripping or tearing of bark or excessivewounding.5.10.3 Emergency service restorationDuring a utility-declared emergency, servicemust be restored as quickly as possible inaccordance with ANSI Z133.1, 29 CFR1910.331 – 335, 29 CFR 1910.268, or 29CFR 1910.269. At such times it may be nec-essary, because of safety and the urgency ofservice restoration, to deviate from the use ofproper pruning techniques as defined in thisstandard. Following the emergency, correc-tive pruning should be done as necessary.

Annex A – Pruning cut guideline

A-1 3-cut methodMultiple cutting techniques exist for applica-tion of a 3-cut method. A number of themmay be used to implement an acceptable 3-cut method. A-1.1 The technique depicted in Figure 5.3.2demonstrates one example of a 3-cut methodthat is common to hand saw usage. It is notintended to depict all acceptable 3-cutmethod techniques.

Annex B – Specification writing guideline The following is a list of specification writingaction (i.e., Assessment) and a notation ofstatus (required or optional).B-1 Assessment (required).Consider the growth habits of individual treespecies within the local environment in orderto develop pruning specifications.B-2 Notification of compliance (required).Include a compliance statement to notify con-sumer, such as: Pruning shall be done inaccordance with ANSI A300 (Part 1) Pruningstandards. B-2.1 Additional notification information(optional).Include additional information in specifica-tion or terms, such as: Work procedures willfollow the requirements (indicated by theword shall) and recommendations (indicatedby the word should) of the ANSI A300 Part 1Pruning standards. Note: On occasion, thearborist is allowed to deviate from a recom-mendation based on the unique needs of aparticular job, tree species, or work site.B-3 Pruning specification (required)B-3.1 List tree(s) to be pruned and note loca-tion on property (required). B-3.2 State pruning objective(s), such as(required):

Hazard reductionRisk reductionStructural improvement Create vistaCreate clearanceAesthetics improvementOther, specify

B-3.3 Explain objective in detail (optional).B-3.4 Specify one or more of the followingpruning types and associated size specifica-tions to accomplish the objective(s)(required):Clean (Selective pruning to remove one ormore of the following non-beneficial parts:dead, diseased, and/or broken branches.)Location of parts to be removed in tree(required):Size range of parts to be removed (required):Other (optional):Raise (Selective pruning to provide verticalclearance.)Vertical clearance (required):Location of parts to be removed in tree(optional):Size range of parts to be removed (optional):Other (optional):Reduce (Selective pruning to decrease heightand/or spread.)Clearance (optional):Location of parts to be removed in tree(optional):Size range of parts to be removed (optional):Other (optional):Restoration (Selective pruning to redevelopstructure, form, and appearance of severelyheaded, vandalized, or damaged trees.)Specify other pruning type(s) to be used(required):Size range of parts to be removed (optional):Location of parts to be removed in tree(optional):Percentage of sprouts to be removed (option-al):Other (optional):Structural prune (Selective pruning toimprove branch architecture primarily onyoung- and medium-aged trees.)Location in tree of leaders/branches to besubordinated (required)Size range of leaders/branches to be subordi-nated (required)Location in tree of leaders/branches to beremoved (required)Size range of leaders/branches to be removed(required)Other (optional):Thin (Selective pruning to reduce density oflive branches.)Location of parts to be removed (required):Size range of parts to be removed (required):Percentage of foliage to be removed(required):Other (optional):Vista prune (Selective pruning to enhance aspecific view without jeopardizing the healthof the tree.)Specify other pruning type(s) to be used(required):Size range of parts to be removed (optional):Location (optional):Percentage of foliage to be removed (option-al):

Other (optional):B-3.5 Sample pruning specificationsExample 1: The tree is a 20-inch diameterred oak. A client would like one limb over-hanging a pool thinned to allow more lightpenetration wants to improve the tree’sappearance and to limit any other branchesfrom dropping material as possible.Pruning SpecificationAll pruning will conform to ANSI A300-Part1 Pruning standards. Tree: 20-inch diameter red oak in back yardof residence. Objective: Remove dead branches andimprove aesthetics. Allow greater light pene-tration for the pool area.Pruning: Clean entire tree. Clean branches 2-inch diameter or greater. Reduce the length ofthe limb overhanging the pool by 10 feet.Thin the remaining portion of the limb byremoving approximately 20 percent of later-als of 1-inch to 3-inch diameter. Example 2: A public street planting of ninesilver maples, all approximately 18-inchdiameter or slightly smaller. The trees areneglected with ample dead branches. In addi-tion the city has decided to increase verticalclearance for pedestrians and non-commer-cial vehicles. There are no overhead utilities. Pruning SpecificationAll pruning will conform to ANSI A300-Part1 Pruning standards. Trees: Nine, approximately 18-inch silvermaples on _____ residential street. Trees aremarked with ______ Objective: Reduce risk to public from fallingdead branches. Provide clearance for vehiclesand pedestrians. Pruning: Clean entire crown of the trees.Clean branches 3-inch diameter or greater.Raise to provide a minimum of 10 feet of ver-tical clearance above the sidewalk and overthe street.Example 3: A 2½-foot diameter white pinein back yard. The tree is healthy and had beenwell-cared for. New clients want to improvethe view of a lake. Pruning SpecificationAll pruning will conform to ANSI A300 (Part1) Pruning standards. Tree: 30-inch diameter white pine in backyard of residence. Objective: Enhance the vista of the lakethrough south side of tree. The target vistazone will be between 20- to 50-feet high.Pruning: Clean the vista zone on south side oftree. Clean branches 1-inch diameter orgreater. Thin the vista zone by removingapproximately 25 percent of the branches.Accomplish this by removing 2 large branch-es over 4-inch diameter in the vista zone andby thinning 25 percent of laterals 1-inch to 3-inch diameter from the remaining branches inthe vista zone.Example 4: A 40-inch diameter white oak in

front yard of residence. The tree has senti-mental value to client. There is significantdieback on central leader. There are somedead branches scattered throughout crown.Pruning SpecificationAll pruning will conform to ANSI A300 (Part1) Pruning standards. Tree: 40-inch diameter white oak in frontyard of residence. Objective: Reduce risk. Extend useful life oftree by improving aesthetics.Pruning: Clean entire tree. Clean branches 1-inch or greater. Reduce central leader back touninjured tissue as is practical. Approximatelocation of cut will be approximately 30-feethigh, above the live lateral branch on southside of tree. Example 5: A 19-inch diameter red maple inthe back yard of a residence with a number oflimbs overhang the house. Although the treeis close to the house, the clients want to retainthe tree for shade. The clients want moreclearance over the house to reduce roof andgutter maintenance and more light penetra-tion for foundation plantings. Pruning SpecificationAll pruning will conform to ANSI A300 (Part1) Pruning standards. Tree: 19-inch red maple in back yard of resi-dence. Objective: Provide clearance from roof of thehouse. Increase light penetration.Pruning: Reduce the length of the 3 largestoverhanging branches on the west side of thetree by 12 feet. Thin the remaining lateralsfrom the reduced branches by removing 15%of laterals between 1-inch and 3-inch diame-ter. Thin other branches on the west side oftree by removing approximately 25 percentof lateral branches between 1-inch and 3-inchdiameter.

Annex C – Applicable ANSI A300 inter-

pretations

The following interpretations apply to Part 1– Pruning:C-1 Interpretation of “should” in ANSIA300 standards “An advisory recommendation” is the com-mon definition of “should” used in thestandards development community and thecommon definition of “should” used in ANSIstandards. An advisory notice is not a manda-tory requirement. Advisoryrecommendations may not be followed whendefensible reasons for non-compliance exist.C-2 Interpretation of “shall” in ANSIA300 standards“A mandatory requirement” is the commondefintion of “shall” used in the standardsdevelopment community and the comon def-inition of “shall” used in ANSI standards. Amandatory requirment is not optional andmust be followed for ANSI A300 compli-ance.



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Nels J. Johnson Tree Experts, Inc.

One of Chicagoland’s premiere arboricultural firmshas an excellent opportunity for an Arborist/ClientRepresentative. Must be a self motivated, knowledge-able and personable individual. Salary commensuratewith education and experience. Great benefits pack-age includes 401(k), full medical, company vehicleand possible housing. Contact Joel or Erik at (847)475-1877, www.nelsjohnsontree.com

Arborist/Sales

Silver Spring MD – Opening for experienced licensedarborist for leadership role in sales and production.This is a year-round, F/T position with full benefitspackage. Contact Kuhn’s Tree Service (301) 384-4724.

Exp Tree Climber wanted

Certification a plus, must be an aspiring arborist & ateam player for small growing family-owned/operatedbusiness that has an excellent safety record and 30years of operation. Pay based on skill & level of com-mitment. Call Jim or Clint at (770) 754-0806 or (770)597-6420. Atlanta/North GA area.

All Paradise Tree Service Oahu, HI

Seeking experienced climber. Valid driver’s license amust, certification is a +. Medical, dental, vision &RX benefits offered. Pay is subsequent to experience.Call (808) 696-5323. Come join us in Paradise!

Tree Climbers/Sales Reps/Crane + Loader Operator

Enjoy a mild climate while working & playing in Va.Beach, Va. Our easy going crew members with a “Letsget the job done” attitude look forward to having oth-ers join them. Call (757) 425-1995 for info.

Quality Ent. Inc.

Is seeking a full-time Tree Climber. Work in CA, OR & ID.Min. 2 yrs. exp. high climbing and removal of all speciesreq. Valid DL, Class A or B preferred. Great pay. Resumeto [email protected] or fax (530) 582-9009.

Climber Wanted

Prefer 1 yr exp but can train. Year-round work on NCcoast with a Certified Arborist tree service. Valid dri-ver’s license required. Fax resume (252) 808-3397 w/salary requirements.



Milford NH Tree Climber Specialist

Broad Oak Tree Care needs 1 tree climber specialist toassist our two-crew plant health care operation. Seecomplete job posting at www.broadoaktree.com or e-mail your resume to [email protected]. TCIAaccredited.

Open Positions for Field Employees, Boston Area

Crew Leaders, Tree Climbers, Arborist Trainees andPlant Health Care Techs needed now! Opportunity to learn and earn Top Pay. Benefits and year-round employment. www.dbtree.com or (617)471-4777 x30.

Advanced Tree Care, McKinney, Texas Entry-Level Arborist

Learn how to become an arborist and introduce your-self to all facets of tree care and tree remediation.Train under a registered, degreed and licensedarborist. Bachelor’s degree in forestry, arboriculture orother horticulture related fields. An individual with apassion for trees, a drive to learn and a “can-do” atti-tude. Also looking for PHC technicians, foremen andclimbers. Fax resumes to the following: Telephone:(214) 544-TREE (8733); Fax: (972) 569-8370; Mail:Advanced Tree Care, 590 N. Meandering Way,Fairview, TX 75069.

Plant Health Care & Tree Trimming Foreman Positions Open – St. Louis area

Well respected 31-yr.-old tree service has immedi-ate opening for experienced tree trimmers and PHCTechs. Company offers: • Excellent pay• Vacations• Health & dental insurance• Bonuses• Matching retirement programApplicants must be motivated & organized. Drugfree & have a valid driver’s lic. CDL and/or spraylic. Would be a plus. Call (636) 394-6597 or [email protected]

Tree Trimmer-Foreman

Consumers Energy, consumer-owned energy companyin Marshalltown, IA, seeks foreman for 2-person crewin a 5-county area. Position will trim trees growinginto electric right-of-way, provide customer service,including obtaining permission to trim trees, and mayhelp line & gas crews as needed. Attractive wages &benefits. Must have HS diploma or GED plus experi-ence on a trimming crew and working with customers.Exp. and/or training in electric line work and second-ary electrical work a plus. Must have valid IowaClass-A CDL within 90 days after employment; under-stand/apply all OSHA/DOT regs. and safety rulesnecessary to perform job; be able to apply firstaid/CPR techniques; maintain a positive attitude; becommitted to excellence; value teamwork, honestyand hard work. Call 1-800-696-6552 for more info.Fax or e-mail resume by 2/23/2007 to: ConsumersEnergy Brian Heithoff, CEO/General Manager Box1058 Marshalltown, IA 50158 Fax: [email protected]

Selling Arborist Wanted!

Seeking Consulting Sales Arborists who exceeds salesgoals. Certified Arborist, degree or industry experi-ence a must. Money motivated? Over 6-figure incomepotential. Contact D&B Tree (617) 471-4777 x 30 orwww.dbtree.com





Coastal Maine

Seeking a skilled climber to support our company’sdedication to excellence. Competitive benefits, ongo-ing training, and employment flexibility. Owned andstaffed by ISA certified arborists. Please call Jeff atWellTree (207) 721-9210. Will aid in relocation.

Operations Manager for Tree Care Company inSouth Bay, CA

Manage services between crew & clients, safety train-ing, equipment maint. Min of 5 yrs.’ exp., 2 in mgmt.Valid CA DL, ISA cert. preferred. $50,000/Medical.(408) 781-3169 [email protected]

Foreman/Supervisors/Managers

Lucas Tree Experts, a leader in tree care on the eastcoast, in So Carolina & Canada, seeks qualified UtilityForeman, Supervisors & Mgrs for Utility Line ClearanceOperations. College degree or minimum 3 yrs’ relatedexperience. We offer competitive pay & comprehensivebenefits package. Send resume to: Lucas Tree, PO Box958, Portland, ME 04104. Fax: (207) 797-0752, e-mail:[email protected] Visit our Web site:www.lucastree.com “Growing naturally…since 1926.”

Bartlett Tree Experts

Continues to grow in the Western US & Canada.Immediate openings for Experienced Foremen, TreeClimbers, IPM Monitors & Arborist Reps in SanFrancisco Bay area, Phoenix, Tucson and BritishColumbia, Canada, offices. Paid vacation, holidays,medical, dental, 401(k), training and continuing edu-cation. Applicant must be safe, reliable,customer-service & career oriented. CDL & ISA certifi-cations are a plus. Fax or e-mail your resume to (415)472-8651 or [email protected].

Swingle Lawn, Tree and Landscape Care

Seeking professionals who are passionate about whatthey do. If you’re motivated, experienced, and dedi-cated to service, you’re just the type of person wewant. Swingle has been a leader in the Denver marketsince 1947, and we’ve since expanded to include theNorthern Colorado/Ft. Collins area. We’re looking toadd key members to our already outstanding team inboth locations:

• Sales Representatives ($45K+ DOE)• Trim Field Supervisor ($40K-$55K)• Certified Arborists with Removal Experience

($38K-$50K+)• PHC Qualified Supervisors ($28K-$45K)• Other outdoor production positions also available

Swingle offers year-round employment plus topindustry wages and benefits including 401(k) withcompany match. We also provide great opportunitiesfor college graduates and student interns! If you area results-oriented professional and looking for acareer opportunity with a growing company, we wantto talk to you! Visit our Web site at www.swingle-tree.com to submit an online application or sendresume and salary history to Dave Vine at: Swingle Lawn, Tree and Landscape Care, 8585 E. Warren Ave., Denver, CO 80231; Phone: 1-888-266-6629, Fax (303) 337-0157; E-mail:[email protected]. When it comes to your pas-sion, choose Swingle.

Climber

2 Years’ experience. ISA Certified preferred, but notrequired. Foreman material. Must be willing to travel.Will be working for a company that’s goal is to becomeTCIA Accredited. Fax Resume to (316) 522-9450 orcall (316) 259-0112.


For People Who Love Trees – www.arborguard.com

Arborguard Tree Specialists, with offices in Atlantaand Augusta, Georgia; and Charlotte, NorthCarolina, seeks experienced sales arborists, crewleaders, climbers and plant health care technicianswho demonstrate a passion for excellence.Arborguard maintains an exciting and highly spirit-ed team culture that is focused on a positiveexperience for employees and clients alike. A decision to join our team will ensure year-roundwork for a prestigious and high-end client base, over100 hours of annual paid training, an OSHA compli-ant work environment, paid vacation and personaldays, paid holidays, paid healthcare and 401(k). If you seek personal and professional development,appreciation, recognition and career opportunities,you may have found them. To explore this uniqueopportunity, contact:Dennis Tourangeau, Director of Operations,Arborguard, P. O. Box 477, Avondale Estates, GA 30002,or send fax to (404) 294-0090, or [email protected].

Arboriculture/Urban Forestry Instructors

ACRT, Inc. teaches urban forestry classes at severalJob Corps centers throughout the United States. JobCorp is the nation’s largest and most comprehensiveresidential, educational, and job training programsfor disadvantaged youth. Instructors provide voca-tional training to students in the fundamentals orurban forestry and arboriculture as well as life andemployment skills. This position requires an individ-ual that possess leadership, motivation, andinterpersonal skills as well as a desire to teach andinspire young adults. Applicants must have climbingexperience, valid driver’s license, and a minimum 2year degree (High school diploma PLUS 4 years ofexperience may substitute degree requirement).Locations: Oregon, Illinois, Vermont, Arkansas, andKentucky. ACRT, Inc. offers great pay, excellent bene-fits, and AWESOME work environment. Send coverletters and resumes to [email protected] or fax 330-945-7200 Reference# TCI1106. ACRT, Inc. is 100%Employee-Owned. [EEO/AA & Drug Free Workplace]

Aspen Tree Service, Inc.

We are seeking a qualified arborist with tree pruningskills to join our team in Western Colorado. We arealso accepting applications for a person who is moti-vated to learn the skills of proper tree care. Youqualify if you enjoy working outside, are physically fitand willing to learn. Previous experience operatingequipment and climbing skills is helpful. You musthave or obtain a Colorado driver’s license with nopoints. Please call (970) 963-3070.

Ready for a Change?

www.GreenIndustry-Jobs.com

TREECO Tree Service

San Francisco Bay Area – A successful 17-year-oldbusiness has dynamic opportunities for experiencedarborists to join us as:

• Account Managers • ForepersonCall for info (510) 293-6966, or e-mail [email protected]

Climber/Foreman

Long Island, NY-based co. with year-round work seek-ing experienced climber/foreman. Boom operatorexperience a must, CDL preferred. We are dedicated tosafety, training &, most importantly, customer satis-faction. Top pay based on experience. Relocationassistance for right candidate. Call (631) 474-8084.




Exciting Career Opportunities for Service Industry Managers

Come join one of the largest Vegetation ManagementCompanies in the United States. DeAngelo Brothers,Inc., is experiencing tremendous growth throughoutthe country creating the following openings:

• Division Managers• Branch Managers

We have immediate openings in:VA, New England, FL, MO, TX, CO, LA, ILResponsible for managing day-to-day operations,including the supervision of field personnel.Business/Horticultural degree desired with a mini-mum of 2 years’ experience working in the greenindustry. Qualified applicants must have proven lead-ership abilities, strong customer relations andinterpersonal skills. We offer an excellent salary,bonus and benefits packages, including 401(k) andcompany paid medical coverage.For career opportunity and confidential consideration,send or fax resume, including geographic preferencesand willingness to relocate to: DeAngelo Brothers, Inc., Attention: Carl Faust, 100North Conahan Drive, Hazleton, PA 18201. Phone: 1-800-360-9333. Fax: (570) 459-5363 or e-mail: [email protected]. EOE/AAP M-F

Operations Manager

D&B Tree Service, with offices in Central & EasternMassachusetts, is seeking an Operations Manager tohelp lead our Team. Duties and Qualifications: Thecandidate must have proven tree care industry experi-ence with general tree care work and plant health care.Responsibilities include: Field Training, Production andSafety Management, and Overseeing Daily Operations.Candidate must be goal oriented and have a strongcommitment to Safety and Teamwork. CDL License amust. Certified arborist preferred. Benefits package.Please submit resume to Bob Young: [email protected] fax (617) 471-4777 Ext. 30.

Kramer Tree Specialists, West Chicago, IL

Has full-time positions open for Plant Health CareTechnicians. Training & continuing education provid-ed, valid driver’s license required, CDL a plus.Company benefits include Health Insurance, ProfitSharing, 401(k) & Production Bonus weekly! [email protected] or phone (630) 562-0160. Fax(630) 562-0871.

Crew Foremen, Climbers, Groundspersons

Growing mid-size San Diego-based tree service com-pany hiring crew foremen, climbers and groundsmen;minimum 2 years’ experience, $15-$20 an hour, EOE.Certified Arborist a PLUS. Benefits, drug screening.Must have valid driver’s license. Immediate openings,year-round work. Fax resume to (760) 727-3813 orcall (760) 941-3992.

Come to the Great Pacific Northwest in Salem, OR

Unbelievable skiing, hunting, fishing, camping. Onehour to beach & Cascade mtns. Giant trees.Challenge trees. Safe easygoing work environment.Looking for Oakman (person) w/ eucman background.(born again treeman) or just an oakman that neverhad the privilege of being a eucman! Top wages forthe industry. Med/Dental, 4 10-hr-day work week, yearround. (Except after storms). Elwood’s Tree Service Co.since 1981. Call (503) 390-2838, fax (503) 390-9648, e-mail [email protected]

Bartlett Tree Experts

Continues to grow in the south with immediate open-ings for experienced tree climbers in the Savannah,Atlanta, Hilton Head, Tallahassee, Charlotte, Raleighand Charleston offices. Benefits include paid vaca-tion, holidays, medical, dental, 401(k), training andcontinuing education. Applicant must be reliable,customer-service and career oriented. CDL a plus. Faxor e-mail your resume to (770) 414-9762; [email protected]; www.bartlett.com

Limb Walker Tree Service in Roseburg, OR

Looking for motivated, career-minded individuals whoare seeking employment in the tree care industry.Positions currently available for goal-oriented treetechs with a minimum of 5 yrs.’ exp. in pruning, highclimbing & tree removal. Valid OR Class B driver’slicense required or willing to obtain. Drug screenrequired. Unlimited opportunity for those who possessthe desire to learn & a strong work ethic. E-mailresume to [email protected]

Ira Wickes/Arborists

Rockland County-based firm since 1929 seeks quali-fied individuals with experience. Arborists/SalesReps, Office Staff, Crew Leaders, Climbers, SprayTechs (IPM, PHC, Lawn). Great benefit packageincludes 401(k) matching, advancement opportuni-ties, EOE. Check us out on the Web at irawickes.com.E-mail your resume to [email protected]; fax (845)354-3475, or snail mail us at Ira Wickes/Arborists, 11McNamara Road, Spring Valley, NY 10977.

Operations Manager

Must have tree service management experience & apassion for operations & trees. Attention to detail amust & be a “buck stops here” person. CertifiedArborist. Must have metric-oriented accomplish-ments. Help $2 million firm grow to $5 million,accredited tree service. This company has consistent-ly grown 30% per year for 5 years. 6-figure potential.Highly regarded, Atlanta-based firm. Please faxresume & letter of interest to Tree Service President,(770) 729-1980.

Cagwin & Dorward is accepting resumes for TREECARE Manager.

We offer job stability with a reputable and growingBay Area company in addition to a pay package thatincludes promotion opportunities, health benefits,paid holidays and paid vacation. Duties Include (but not limited to):• Manage 2-4 crews• Sales to Landscape Maintenance, Residential and

Non-Routine Customers• Surgery, Plant Health Care, Removals• Weekly payroll paperwork• Insure care of equipmentRequirements: Candidate must be highly motivatedwith a focus on excellent customer service and haverelevant experience in tree care industry.Management, computer knowledge, clean DMV. Bi-lingual a plus. Send resume and cover letter. (415)892-7710 or within California at 1-800-891-7710.Check out our company and other career opportunitiesat: www.cagwin.com/careers/career_jobs.htm

Forestry Worker II, City of Green Bay

The City of Green Bay Park, Recreation & ForestryDepartment is seeking a Forestry Worker II to per-form work of moderate difficulty in pruning,planting, removing & maintaining trees for the city.Knowledge of tree pruning, treatment & removalmethods, use & care of tree pruning tools and equip-ment, and the ability to work at heights.Requirements include: high school diploma orequivalent, four years’ experience in aboriculture,two of which include rope & saddle tree climbing,working with aerial bucket trucks; CDL required (orability to obtain CDL within 6 months of hire). UrbanForestry Technical school training may be consideredin lieu of experience. Salary: $18.73-$19.72/hour(2006 rates) with excellent benefit package.Deadline to apply is Friday, April 20, 2007, at 4:30p.m. (CST). For application materials contact:Human Resources Dept., 100 N. Jefferson St., Room500, Green Bay, WI 54301; (920)448-3149;www.green-bay.org EOE.

ValleyCrest Tree Care Services

Provides award-winning arborist services on a widerange of properties throughout the nation. Ratherthan focusing on isolated management techniques,our certified arborists approach the tree as an entirebiological system. We have full-time opportunitiesavailable for our following positions: Account Manager; Operations Manager; BusinessDeveloper/Estimator, Crew Leader/Foreman; CDLDriver; Production Specialists; Spray TechniciansBranches Include: Livermore, Sacramento, Santa Ana,Gardena, Ventura, CA; Phoenix, AZ; Tampa, Sarasota,Venice, Orlando, FL; Atlanta, GA.For consideration, please e-mail resumes to: [email protected] or fax to (818) 225-6895.


We are a respected national company

That is looking to add a Territory Manager to the Mid-Atlantic Region of the U.S. The Territory Managerwould be responsible for partnering with Arboristcompanies to sell our products in their area. Qualifiedcandidates must have a minimum of 5 years of expe-rience in the tree care industry. ISA certification andBS degree in Arboriculture or similar are a plus. Weoffer a competitive salary, commission and full bene-fits with a 401(k) plan. If you are driven to make adifference in the industry with a company that valuesintegrity, e-mail your resume to: [email protected]

Warm South Carolina

Fifty-eight year old company located in central SouthCarolina is seeking crew leaders and climbers. Threeyears’ experience, valid driver’s license and a passionfor trees is a must. Company offers job stability,excellent pay, bonuses, sign-on bonus, relocationhelp, health insurance, holidays, vacation and astress free opportunity. (803) 252-7664 [email protected]

Great Opportunities in SE Florida! All positions!

High-end commercial tree work year-round in themost affluent communities in the country.Professional environment. New equipment/latesttechnology. Ongoing training. Room for advancement.NOVO ARBOR is a fast growing company that values what you have to offer as you will value what we have to offer! Relocation assist. Tel: (561) 330-9785 Fax: (561) 330-2392. [email protected]

Sales Position/Consulting Arborist

22 reasons to make a career at Hartney Greymont: Jobstability. Growth potential. Competitive salary.Excellent benefits. Year-round employment. Growingcompany. Quality reputation. Tuition reimbursement.Learning experiences. Nationally-recognized compa-ny. Team spirit. Employee stock ownership.Up-to-date equipment. Safety focused. Rewardingclient relationships. Award-winning service. Idealfacility. Participation in decision-making. Skillenhancement incentives. Knowledgeable peers &mentors. Value driven organization. Drug free work-place. For more info. contact: Scott McPhee, HartneyGreymont, Inc., 433 Chestnut St., Needham, MA02492; Phone (781) 444-1227; Fax (781) 455-6698;e-mail: [email protected]

Tree Climber/Aerial Lift Operator

Pittsburg, PA-based co. for over 20 yrs. Year-roundwork, 5 yrs’ experience. Must know pruning w/ospikes. Medical, retirement benefits, paid holidaysand vacation. Fax resume to (724) 942-0800 or call(724) 942-0722.

EQUIPMENTFOR SALE

For Sale

1987 Ford F600, 50' Skyworker, 77,000 mi. $14,5001977 Intl. Skyworker 50' boom plus 14' elevator47,000 mi. good shape. Vermeer stump digger.1988 Ford F700 diesel, 50' Skyworker, no chip box.$7,500. Call Mike (419) 294-2631 for prices

Ropes, Ropes, Ropes

All types and brands of professional arborist climbing, lowering and rope accessories at warehouseprices. Call for current price list. Visa, MC, AX. Small Ad– Big Savings, since 1958. 1-800-873-3203.

1990 GMC Forestry bucket truck

366 gas F.I., 66,000 mi, 5-speed trans, 1100-22 tires.Asplundh LR50 55' working-height with pony motorRecently serviced boom. Body no rust mint condition.$22,000 OBO. NY (914) 447-8882.

Allied Equipment of Wisconsin

Local Rentals, Bucket Trucks to 70 ft., StumpGrinders, Chippers, aerial lift parts & service. Raycoparts, OEM Stump’r Guard. We rent Rayco HydraStumpers/Forestry Mowers. www.alliedutilityequip-ment.com 1-800-303-0269.

Grand Slam Tree Equipment

Chippers, stump grinders, loaders & attachments,bucket trucks, chip trucks, tub & horizontal grinders,land-clearing equipment. Shipping & financing avail-able. www.grandslamtree.com (269) 792-0609.Grand Rapids, MI area.



TCI classified ads work!Call 1-800-733-2622

E-mail to [email protected]

PRODUCTS/SERVICES

Hardware and software by an arborist for thearborist. For more information about the industry’sbest-selling package, call or write Arbor ComputerSystems, PO Box 548, Westport, CT 06881-0548.Phone: (203) 226-4335; Web site: www.arborcomput-er.com; e-mail:[email protected].

ArborSoftWorx is the industry’s leading businessmanagement software and hardware that boostssales with its DataSync Mobile Office feature; pro-vides anytime-anywhere access to critical data;improves staff productivity; provides the highest levelof depth and breadth in data capture and soundinformation for business decisions – all you demandin a management solution. Call today to learn moreabout the power and flexibility that ArborSoftWorxdelivers. 1-800-49-ARBOR. www.ArborSoftWorx.com.

Would You Like to Close More Sales and IncreaseRevenue by 30% or More?

Complete job management! Tree ManagementSystems, Inc. delivers cutting edge software specif-ically designed to help tree care companies closemore sales, create repeat business, reduce cost andmonitor crew productivity. Visit our Web sitewww.ArborGold.com for a FREE in-depth video demoor call 1-800-933-1955 today for more information.

BUSINESSES FOR SALESmall Engine repair & sales center for sale

Serves the landscaping & golf courses in the area.Just minutes from Myrtle Beach & Coastal beaches.Second fastest growing county in NC. $600,000. Call(910) 443-1072 for info.

Growth Opportunity: Maximize Profits/Potential

Don’t Sell, Don’t Franchise, Get Paid to Merge.Become an important part of something much bigger.You will still manage your company and get help withaccounting, marketing and recruiting. We can helpthe right company increase growth and profits whilereducing headaches. Are you that company? Explorethe possibilities. Call (913) 381-1505 & ask for Larryor e-mail [email protected]

Holden Beach, one of the fastest growing counties in NC

Owner retiring after 38 yrs. Tree management &Landscaping contracts in place till 2010; w/25 acresof land f/wood waste grinding site. Too much equip-ment to list. $2.2 mil. Call (910) 443-1072.

Beautiful Northern Colorado

Great opportunity. Small, profitable full-service treecare & landscape co. Established 21 yrs. Turnkey.Great 5 acre home & large shop location available aswell. Call (970) 532-0511 or e-mail [email protected].

North Central Ohio Tree Service

Owner retiring after 25 years. Located in growing cityof 11,000 w/ new schools, strategically located off new4 lane USR30 (Lincoln Highway). Established, loyalclientele. Min. competition. Grossed avg. $170,000last 2 years. Excellent, well-earned reputation.Extensive yellow pages advertising. Lease on presentproperty possible. All equipment incl. Want reputableprofessional to continue the tradition. Convince mefirst, then we’ll talk financing. 419-543-1041.



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XT55 Under CDL available XT55 Under CDL available XT55 Under CDL available

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Tree Care Company in Beautiful Central Coast CA

Well established tree care company, prime for majorexpansion locally and/or into 3 nearby cities. 15 yearsin business, only locally based Tree Company. 1,300documented long-term repeat clients and 60 com-mercial accounts. Fully computerized large publicservice Web site and year-round local advertising.Very high-end clientele. Includes: 5 trucks, Top kick50' boom, 2 chippers – 1 Bandit 1290H, 2 stumpgrinders, full compliment of chain saws, cablingequipment, inventory and more, 7-man crew andoffice manager. We are deeply rooted in the commu-nity and have progressive gross increase of over$100,000 per year. We work 5 to 6 days per wk, 52wks a year. No down time, No layoffs for over 12 years.Scheduling weeks in advance year round. For addi-tional information, please contact: (818) 986-9585.

N-Shore Lake Superior, MN

Tree Service Est. 20 years! Utility ROW Clearing, Yr-round work: Parks, Resorts, Lot Clearing. Greatequip., turnkey oper., help w/ transition. $150k. Alsobldg. for lease/sale. Jerry (218) 349-1922 or [email protected]

Beautiful Southwestern Colorado

Franchised tree service business specializing in cre-ating Defensible Space for homeowners in forestedareas. Also spraying for bark beetles. $98,000includes all equipment, inventory and client list.(970) 759-9380.

TREE SERVICE COMPANY

This 10-year-old firm has developed a client follow-ing that has continued to grow each year. Theirname is synonymous with customer service andquality workmanship. Providing services primarily inLake, Cook, and McHenry counties in Illinois andRacine, Kenosha and Burlington counties inWisconsin, their customers include many munici-palities and governmental bodies as well ascommercial and residential clients. We work 6 daysper week year round scheduling weeks in advanceand currently have six weeks of sold jobs. No downtime and no layoffs for over 10 years. Projectedgross income for 2006 is $600,000. Will sell clientlist separately or client list and equipment as apackage. If you are looking to expand your clientbase or purchase a company with an establishedclientele, please contact their representativeJacqueline Black at (847) 587-3065.

Already own or planning to start a tree care company?

The Owner/Arborist Program can show you how tostart or convert an existing business and grow witha proven leader in the tree care industry. We willassist you with sales & marketing, financial mgt.,recruiting and equipment support. Our expertise canaid in your success. Our systems, coupled with yourtalent and determination, will give you an opportu-nity to control your destiny. Call D&B Tree (617)471-4777 x30 or [email protected]

Please circle 30 on Reader Service CardPlease circle 40 on Reader Service Card


In fiscal 2006, inspectors out of federalOSHA offices performed a total of 69inspections of tree care companies and

levied 175 citations totaling $147,200 inpenalties. Analyzing what these tree carecompanies were cited for serves one mainpurpose, and that is to avoid making thesame compliance mistakes and incurringsimilar penalties. The author’s disclaimeris that this sort of analysis by no meansgives one a full picture of the hazards thatcan be found or the control measures thatshould be implemented in the typical treecare company.

#5: 1910.95 Occupationalnoise exposure

Promulgated over 20 years ago, thisstandard requires the employer to monitorpotentially harmful noise levels in theworkplace, and when those levels exceed acertain threshold, to implement additionalmeasures. Specifically, the use of hearingprotection is required to “attenuate” noiselevels, and hearing testing at the time ofhire as well as annually helps to assure thatprotective measures are effective.

Most tree care employers provide hear-ing protection. Program deficiencies mostoften are found in noise level monitoringand hearing testing.

#4: 1910.266 Logging operations

OSHA issued the Logging Standardmore than 10 years ago and shortly there-after began attempts to apply it to certain

tree care operations, giving some employ-ers fits. Overall in this author’s opinion, theLogging Standard does not line up wellwith the hazards encountered or controlsthat should be applied in the typical treecare operation. The ANSI Z133 Standardserves as a far better guide for most treeremoval operations. If your firm is visitedby OSHA, beware the logging standardcitation.

#3: 5(a)(1), the General DutyClause

Failing to find any specific or generalindustry OSHA standard they can apply toa hazardous situation, the OSHA compli-ance officer will typically issue what isknown as a general duty clause citation,citing the employer for failing to maintaina workplace, “free of recognized hazards.”This is a good news/bad news situation.The bad news is that a general duty citationis, by OSHA’s definition, a serious viola-tion carrying a heftier fine. The good newsis that such a citation typically makes spe-cific reference to an industry’s consensusstandard, which in our case again is ANSIZ133. The lesson here is, follow the indus-try standard to keep your workers safe andavoid citation.

#2: 1910.67 Vehicle-mount-ed elevating and rotatingwork platforms

This relic of a standard governs aerial liftoperations. The typical citations under thisstandard come from two areas.

First is the operator’s failure to wear fallprotection while in the bucket. OSHAwould prefer that one wear a full body har-ness and fall arrest lanyard, but the letter ofthe law still allows a body belt and lanyardto be used.

Second, employers are cited for failureto perform and to document the necessaryinspection and maintenance of their lifts.Key areas of concern include dielectrictesting as well as inspection of criticalboom components.

#1: 1910.132 – 1910.135Personal ProtectiveEquipment requirements

These citations are typically triggeredwhen the OSHA compliance officer seescrews working without hard hats and/oreye protection, which in and of themselvesare citable violations. Investigating moreclosely, the OSHA rep will typically findthat the employer failed to assess the haz-ards in the workplace that could bemitigated through the use of PPE, and that,further, the employer failed to record awritten certification that this hazard assess-ment had been performed.

The take-home message here is thatemployees must wear hard hats and eyeprotection for all arboricultural activities.

Peter Gerstenberger is senior advisorfor safety, compliance & standards for theTree Care Industry Association.

Washington in ReviewBy Peter Gerstenberger

Collected from published reports.

Utility tree trimmer dies ofinjuries suffered afterDecember windstorm

A tree trimmer for Tacoma Power inWashington state died January 2, 2007,from injuries suffered as crews were clean-ing up from a December windstorm.

Barry Kensrud, a veteran Tacoma Powerworker, had been helping to clear a tree thatfell across power lines on December 17after the windstorm knocked out power to1.5 million utility customers in the PugetSound region. Kensrud sawed through afallen power pole, which released tensionin attached phone cables. The cables andpole hit Kensrud, throwing him across thealley. Kensrud had been hospitalized incritical condition until his death.

Man killed after pinned inlogging accident

Terrance N. Cook, 38, of Hubbardsville,N.Y., died December 31, 2006, whileremoving logs in the town of Marshall inOneida County.

Cook, an independent contractor whosold his lumber to Cold Brook-based P&WForestry Products, was pinned between alogging skidder and a fallen tree while heand two others were removing logs from awooded area. Members of the Deansboroand Oriskany Falls Fire Departmentsresponded to the scene and took Cook toSt. Elizabeth Medical Center where he waspronounced dead.

One of the other men was knockeddown by the skidder as it rolled back-ward, but was not injured. TheOccupational Safety and HealthAdministration was investigating.

Man dies when struck bytree while clearing land

A man was killed in Lufkin, Texas, whenhe was struck by a falling tree January 8,2007.

Jose Bermudez, 21, died instantly after alarge portion of a tree struck him in thehead while he was guiding the fall ofanother tree.

He was working on a tree clearing crewoff road in a wooded area, according to areport. Bermudez suffered severe headtrauma and was pronounced dead at thescene.

Tree-trimmer hurt in 30-footfall through roof

A 41-year-old tree-trimmer was flown tothe hospital January 10, 2007, after author-ities say he fell through a skylight andplunged at least three stories to the floor ofa vacant building in Melbourne, Kentucky.

The man, who was contracted to trimtrees around the building, inadvertentlystepped on a roof skylight, which brokecausing him to plummet 30 feet to theground of the former boat storage facility.A medical helicopter flew the man toUniversity Hospital in Cincinnati. No fur-ther information was immediatelyavailable about his condition, according toThe Kentucky Post.

Man dies in tree trimmingaccident

Bryan Dickinson, 39, or Waretown, N.J.,died after being electrocuted in the bucketof an aerial lift January 24, 2007.

Dickinson had been trimming a treeoutside a house and was 25 feet off the

ground when he came into contact withoverhead electric lines, according to theAsbury Park Press. A friend who washelping Dickinson noticed him slumpedover in the bucket and assumed Dickinsonhad suffered a heart attack. The friendcalled police at 9:38 a.m.. When policearrived, Dickinson was still in the raisedbucket. The East Dover Fire Companyextended a ladder so Toms River policecould perform CPR from inside the bucket.The father of three was pronounced dead atthe scene at 10:03 a.m.

Dickinson owned a general contractingbusiness, Bryan’s Unlimited Enterprises,for about 20 years, but was doing the workas a favor for a relative when he was killed.The Ocean County Prosecutor’s Office andthe county Sheriff’s Department wereinvestigating to determine whetherDickinson had the proper equipment andhow far he was from the power line.

Grading company workerkilled when tree strikes him

A worker clearing woods for a new sub-division was killed Feb. 7, 2007, innorthern Mecklenburg County, NorthCarolina, when when the tree he was cut-ting down fell on him, hitting him in thehead.

Roy Herman, 63, of Mooresville, N.C.,was working for a grading company clear-ing trees for the development. The locationof the site is between Huntersville andCharlotte.

Officials from the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department and theOccupational Safety & Health Divisionwere investigating.

Send your local accident news and

reports to TCI at [email protected], or

TCI, 3 Perimeter Road, Unit 1,

Manchester, NH 03103.


Accident Briefs


Reporter is the monthly newsletter of the Tree Care Industry Association. TCIA members can access the complete publication at www.treecareindustry.org.

Props Tree and Landscape Inc. inSacramento, California, was just the sixth

company in that state to achieve TCIAAccreditation, which it did in December2006.

Robert Props, 33, is vice president of PropsTree and Landscape Inc., which has two majordivisions: Props Tree Care and Trees On TheGo. Props Tree Care handles tree mainte-nance, pruning, removals, cabling andbracing, some stump grinding, pest control,landscape pest control and consulting, whichincludes expert witness work and litigation.Trees On The Go handles tree transplanting,tree installation, landscape installation andreforestation programs.

While Props’ mailing address is in Roseville,Calif., it is located in Sacramento and servicesSacramento, Placer, El Dorado & Yolo coun-ties.

Robert Props’ father, Rodney, started PropsTree and Landscape in 1971. Rodney is mostlyretired today, but still works part-time a cou-

ple of days a weekwith Robert, whoRodney had climb-ing trees when hewas still a youngboy.

“Now they’ve gotyouth saddles, but Ilearned to climbwith just a leatherbelt,” says Robert.“Dad put a D-ringon my belt, or hisbelt rather, and said,

‘let’s go to work,’ and he’d hoist me up in atree and tie me in and I’d just limb walk whilehe was doing maintenance work on the treesthemselves.”

Such a lack of safety and training was notuncommon back then, Robert Props says.

“Things have changed a lot and come alongway and that’s what’s neat about theAccreditation program – it’s helped us go evenfurther – take that extra step that helps sepa-

rate us from everybody else.”Robert became involved in the business in

the early 1980s. “I was still young at that pointbut I had my head on straight, at least dadmade sure it was. I’d work the summers withthe tree crews and performed quite a bit ofshop maintenance work – on thechain saws and small enginerepairs and sharpening thechains, and doing all the stuffback at the shop that I coulddo when I got out of school.I’d often do that after finish-ing homework. It wasexciting as a kid, so it was more of amotivational thing. It was something Ilooked forward to doing after finishing home-work as opposed to just watching TV.”

Props Tree and Landscape has 12 employ-ees, five of whom are family members. Theirbusiness mix is about 50/50 residential andcommercial, with much of it coming fromreferrals. “We’ve been around for so manyyears that a lot of it is referrals, word of mouth.We did use YellowPages for the earlier years.Now we advertise mostly through our Web site

(www.propstreecare.com). We do hold a cou-ple of small ads in the local Yellow Pages, butnothing like we used to. They used to be full-page ads when it was affordable still.”

But Web advertising has come into its own,says Robert. “It’s amazing how fast it gets

outdated, but its definitely a greatavenue of advertising for us.We also advertise through a

few online services.”His biggest challenge, Robertsays, is separating his businessfrom the competition.

“Trying to separate usfrom the other 300-plus tree compa-

nies in the area – the fly-by-nighters.Everybody who owns a chain saw calls them-selves a tree business and are undercutting theindustry. Trying to separate us from them hasbeen our biggest challenge.”

“Before acquiring Accreditation, it was ourprofessionalism and commitment to excel-lence that did that. Our reputation precedes usin the Sacramento area. Now, with TCIA back-ing us up with Accreditation, it just reinforces

Accreditation props up Props Tree & Landscape

Todd Johnson on the job for Props Tree and Landscaping Inc. Ongoing training isa morale booster for employees, says Robert Props.

Robert Props

(Continued on page 90)



By Randy Owen

My article started out to be “Goals accom-plished for 2006.” In reviewing the year,

I decided that my personal goals of time awayfrom business with friends and family wasachieved. But on the job, I have an unad-dressed concern related to our experience withthe emerald ash borer (EAB) and ash trees.

EAB is still active and spreading throughoutMichigan and in hot spots in other states.There are many lessons to be learned from thisexotic invasive pest. It can be treated on atree-by-tree basis. The treatment is effective,but will have to be done annually. We recom-mend specimen trees and ash trees near anddear to our customers’ hearts be treated, butwe also explain the cost and that they are tak-ing on an annual chore and cost for, as far aswe know now, the life of the tree.

My concern is the rapid failure rate of theash after death. The failure rate depends onvarious factors, including the growing location

and the stress factor in street trees – growingbetween a sidewalk and the road, open areas,low wet areas, etc.

I have experi-enced major limbfailure in less thanone year after deathon street trees in24-inch DBH classtrees and up, and inthe 4-inch to 6-inchlimbs in the uppercrown. I am alsoseeing root andcrown rot advancingquickly. To theuntrained eye, the ash trees appear to beclimbable. They are not. They fall over. In highwinds, or when untrained people try to removethem, they can fall over – causing propertydamage and injuries. It is more important thanever to train sales and field staff to understandand identify unsafe ash trees and proper pro-

tocol and procedures for removal.The widespread death of ash has brought

out a resurgence of “two men and a chain saw”companies, and our injury and death rate hasrisen to a high. Michigan OSHA put out adirective to conduct more field inspections. Ibelieve most of these injuries/deaths are com-ing from companies outside TCIAmembership. But we will be inspected, too.My company will be ready, thanks to TCIAAccreditation and the new CTSP program.

If you’re in an area with ash trees, I think youwill experience our problems soon. “Two menand a chain saw” will always be out there, butthe failure of the ash trees so soon after theydie is a huge safety concern for the generalpublic and our workforce. Becoming a TCIAaccredited tree care company and promotingand having a CTSP safety person will keep youon the cutting edge of our industry.

Randy J. Owen is president of Owen TreeService, Inc. in Attica, Michigan, and a mem-ber of TCIA’s Board of Directors.

Rapid ash decline is a real safety threatDirector’s Forum

Randy Owen


that same motto that we had before. It’s beenfabulous. We’ve had a lot of great responsefrom clients congratulating us onAccreditation,” says Robert. “I sent out over1,500 e-mails to my clients with the pressrelease for TCIA Accreditation. It’s great.”

Props signed up for Accreditation becauseof the idea of the program itself and the layoutof what it can do for the industry, for the com-panies. “It was exciting to me. The foundationof what it stands for helps show our clientsthat we care for our business and our employ-ees as well as our clients and their trees. Andit separates us from the competition by prov-ing that we are leaders in our field and industrywith the backing of TCIA.”

It took Props about nine months to com-plete the Accreditation process. “We had mosteverything in place. It just wasn’t quite in theorder it needed to be in.”

Robert and his family pulled together andcompleted the Accreditation checklist, oneitem at a time. Streamlining the business planand operation manual took some work, anddoing the little things that needed to be doneto make it all come together, such as incorpo-rating, changing all the logos and letterhead,etc., were a challenge.

“I learned that we were a pretty good com-pany already, but had a lot of new things thatneeded to be done – things like putting ourtraining programs in a format that fit TCIA’srequirements. Simple management details thatwe had in place but didn’t have in a fashionthat was user friendly – and it is now, whichmakes it easier to improve and build from.”

“On the business management side, puttingthe cost of operations into a more accessibleformat helped us to see exactly where our dol-lar was going and where it should be going.”

And it wasn’t just a matter of doing things adifferent way – the changes made sense.

“It made perfect sense and it painted thepicture so well. When we are able to take themanagement section and fine tune our busi-ness to those essential methods, it painted aperfect picture. Now, at any given moment, Ican go in and find the training checklist foreach employee and see who needs what wherewhen and how. I can go through and say, OK,we’re going to spend this much money thisquarter and we’re not going to buy this yet;we’re maybe going to do this the second quar-ter. From something as simple as how many

hits we’re getting on our Web page, to some-thing as extensive as how many phone calls wegenerated in January versus February – it’s justfabulous. Everything that TCIA offered inhelping us get accredited has streamlinedeverything for us. From management to per-sonnel training, it has allowed us a better viewof where we are and where we are going at anygiven moment.”

“It’s a foundation for what we believe in andwhat we stand for! It shows our clients andemployees that we care! It has separated usfrom all of the other ‘fly-by-night’ operations,by proving that we are leaders in our industry,not only for our commitment to excellence,but with quality, ethics, management practicesand confidence.”

“Accreditation also has allowed us to bemore appealing to employees for recruiting.I’ve had challenges in the past finding qualityemployees, and I’ve found so far, in just thisshort period of being accredited, it’s not meout searching for employees but now I’ve gotemployees searching me out. Now I’ve gotgood employees looking for good companiescalling me. I think that’s a great appeal forbeing accredited.”

“I’ve also an indication that I’ll have an eas-ier time getting loans being accredited. I’vegot companies calling me saying, ‘we’verecently found out that you’re accredited,’ andthat’s been pretty exciting. We’re being lookedupon as a desirable company to do businesswith. It could open up a lot of doors in thatregard to expand the business.”

And, he hopes to do just that!“It’s hard to grow our business to the level

desired when we don’t have quality-orientedteam players to expand with. So this has beenexciting to us, that now quality-oriented

employees are calling us for potential employ-ment. Maybe I’ll be able to expand in a fewsectors that I haven’t been able to expandbefore. With Accreditation, we are hoping thatwe will now be able to increase our existingteam by recruiting more qualified team playerswho will help us to add more crews to expandeach division of our diverse business, whilestill maintaining the ‘commitment to excel-lence’ that our clients have known us for overthe last 30 years.”

“I would definitely recommendAccreditation to other companies that feel thatthey’re a quality-oriented company but arehaving similar problems separating themselvesfrom the competition. With Accreditation, thatwas a great hurdle that we’ve overcome. Iwould much rather compete against otheraccredited companies promoting the sameethics, quality and knowledge to the con-sumers.”

Accreditation has already provided Propswith cheaper liability insurance opportunitiesand could open the door on his workers’ com-pensation insurance rates as well.

“I was talking to insurance companies aboutthe program several months ago and they saidthat once we obtain Accreditation, we shouldgive them a call because it’s definitely some-thing that would help us in achieving lowerrates.”

He has since called and received a lower lia-bility insurance quote, and is now lookingaround to see what else might be available tohim. He is also optimistic on workers’ com-pensation because insurance companies thatwould not insure tree care companies in thepast, even though they would insure landscap-ers, said that if Props did get Accreditationapproval they might look at them differently.He will keep TCIA posted on how he makesout with them.

He was planning to attend TCIA’s WinterManagement Conference in Cancun, Mexico,in early February, and his involvement in vari-ous industry organizations – TCIA, ASCA,ISA – keeps him hopping, he says.

“But it’s fun and it’s always exciting. Youalways learn new things and that’s what it’s allabout. That’s what I instill in my professionalemployees – training is everything and you’renever going to excel in life or the industry weall love unless you keep training yourself andlooking beyond the horizon. That promotionin itself has been fabulous just keeping themorale up in the crews I have.”

% by

Region Facilities Region

Midwest 22 27.50%Northeast 32 40.00%Pacific 8 10.00%Rocky Mountain 5 6.25%Southeast 9 11.25%Southwest 4 5.00%Total 80 100%

Accreditation throughyear-end 2006

Accreditation props up Props Tree & Landscape(Continued from page 88)


If you really want to help your business turnthe corner and embrace a culture of safety, a

great way to start is by enrolling one ormore leaders from your business inthe Certified Treecare SafetyProfessional (CTSP) program.

CTSP obviously meets agreat need, judging by its earlyacceptance. Launched inFebruary 2006, the programended the year with 220 enrolledstudents.

The certification process is a rigor-ous one, as it should be for a person whowill be expected to shoulder the responsibilityof a safety program. The pass rate on the CTSP

certification exam in 2006 was 78 percent. Below we proudly display the arborists whoattained CTSP status this past year.

Your firm can get in on this impor-tant initiative – enroll your safety

leader(s) today by filling out theenclosed form.

A list of workshops sched-uled so far for 2007 is at right.

More workshops are indevelopment. Keep your eye on

future Reporter newsletters, visitthe TCIA Web site (www.tcia.org), or

call 1-800-733-2622 for the latest schedule.Enroll today, so you are ready when we sched-ule a workshop near you!

Are you on board with CTSP?

AlabamaDennis Jones Burford’s Tree, Inc.

CaliforniaAlice Carter ValleyCrest CompaniesMeagan Dixon North Valley Tree Service, Inc.Joshua McClenahan S. P. McClenahan Co., Inc.Daniel Ray TREECO Tree ServiceEric Wilson ValleyCrest Companies

ColoradoShane Vosberg Swingle Lawn, Tree &

Landscape Care

ConnecticutChristopher Herold Family Tree Care, LLCJoel Kuczynski Wallingford Tree Service, Inc.David Slade Family Tree Care, LLC

FloridaAlexander Castro Jason’s Arborcare Service, Inc.Joe Rodriguez Arborcare, Inc.

GeorgiaJim Bruner Arborguard Tree Specialists, Inc.Kevin Caldwell Caldwell Tree CareAl Mayes Townsend Tree Service Co., Inc.

IowaNick Fox Wright Tree Service, Inc.Joshua Johnson Wright Tree Service, Inc.James Lorrigan Wright Tree Service, Inc.Randy Rempe Wright Tree Service, Inc.Keith Sheriff Wright Tree Service, Inc.

IllinoisTodd Kramer Kramer Tree Specialists, Inc.

IndianaEric Detweiler Townsend Tree Service Co., Inc.Steve Shaffer The Tree Mann, Inc.

KansasGlen Jennings Arbormasters Tree & Landscape

MassachusettsMarco Almeida Cicoria Tree and Crane Service, Inc.Collin Burt C. L. Frank & CompanyMark Cicoria Cicoria Tree and Crane Service, Inc.Joe DiStasio D & B Tree Service, Inc.Kevin Wedemeyer C. L. Frank & Company

MarylandMichael Ward Takoma Tree Experts, Inc.

MichiganNick Bomber Branch Tree Service, Inc.David Hineline Arborist Skills, Inc.Paul Michaels Westside Forestry Service, Inc.Kristian Schultz KMS Tree Care

MinnesotaGreg Krogstad Rainbow Treecare ScientificJustin Paul S & S Tree & Horticultural

MissouriNick Ottiger Ottiger Tree ServiceGerard Schulte Hentges Tree Service

North CarolinaJeff Fabian Heartwood Tree Service, LLCElden E. LeBrun Bartlett Tree Expert Co.Brian Maxson Bartlett Tree Expert Co.

New HampshirePaul Marcheterre Urban Tree ServiceAndrew S. Mckee Urban Tree ServiceTim Walsh Arboricultural Consultant

New JerseyJonathan Hanbicki Tamke Tree Experts, Inc.Richard Huber Tamke Tree Experts, Inc.Colin Milde Ramapo Tree & Shrub Care, LLCDavid J. Ossowski Aspen Tree Expert Co., Inc.John Rogers Tamke Tree Experts, Inc.Bill Runge Tamke Tree Experts, Inc.

New YorkJackson Dodds Ray Smith & Associates, Inc.Steve Fassbender Lewis Tree Service, Inc.Allan Fraser Lewis Tree Service, Inc.Alice Anne Humphrey Ray Smith & Assoc., Inc.

OhioChris Ahlum Arbor, Inc.Jason Butcher Madison Tree Care & Landscaping, Inc.James Craner Nelson Tree Service, Inc.Joel D. Gallagher Nelson Tree Service, Inc.Joseph Tommasi Davey Tree Expert CompanyLynn Dawn Wiseman Asplundh Tree Expert Co.

PennsylvaniaMark Bachmann unaffiliatedJoseph Bones Bartlett Tree Expert Co.Brian K. Burns Hazlett Tree ServiceAndrew Salvadore Asplundh Tree Expert Co.Jonathan Schach Good’s Tree Care, Inc.John H. Schwelm Asplundh Tree Expert Co.Anthony Tresselt Arborist Enterprises, Inc.

South CarolinaDenny Defibaugh Schneider Tree CareJon Hodge Schneider Tree Care

TennesseeZack French Tree Solution Consulting Services

TexasBilly W. Cook, Jr. Preservation Tree Services, Inc.Kenneth Smith Preservation Tree Services, Inc.

VirginiaRich Godwin Williams Brothers Lawn & Tree ServiceRichard Polk Pittman’s Tree & Landscaping, Inc.

WisconsinEd Bodus Buckley Tree Service, Inc.Mark Gondreau St. Croix Tree Service, Inc.Frederick J. Hoppe Hoppe Tree ServiceNicholas Peterson Wachtel Tree Science & Svc., Inc.

Certified Treecare Safety Professionals for 2006

2007 CTSP Workshops

March 14-15Holiday Inn Countryside,

Countryside, IL (minutes from Midway Airport)

March 20-21Location TBA

New Brunswick, NJ

Nov. 6-7, 2007Hartford Convention Center,

Hartford, Connecticut

Call 1-800-733-2622 or visitwww.tcia.org

Wisconsin crews cut treesin 30 counties to fight EAB

State forestry workers armed with chainsaws fanned out in search of the emeraldash borer in December with the goal ofstopping the insect from destroyingWisconsin’s trees.

In the coming months, 6,000 ash trees in30 Wisconsin counties are either comingdown or going to be fatally wounded. “I donot know if (the emerald ash borer) is hereor not, but we’re going to find out,”forestry technician Jodie Carroll said.

“Its larvae will be between the bark andthe wood, so what I’m doing is strippingoff the bark to see if I can find the larvae orany evidence of it,” technician KayKromm explained.

Carroll said the trees left standing willact as bait for the ash borer. “You don’twant to kill the tree, but you want to injureit. The bug is attracted to an injured tree,”Carroll said.

EAB has has wiped out some 28 millionMichigan ash trees in just four years. Theinsect has flown or hitchhiked on firewoodinto Indiana, Ohio, and of last summer, intothe northern suburbs of Chicago. “It hasthe potential to kill every ash tree on theNorth American continent. So, it could bebillions of ash trees standing dead beforeit’s all over,” said Adrian Barta, Wisconsinstate coordinator of the EAB program.

In Wisconsin, where trees and tourismand quality of life all blend together, theremore than 700 million ash trees in forests.It’s estimated that 30 percent of the state’strees are likely ash. Experts said any hope

of stopping the insect in Wisconsin willcome with early detection.

False tree worker jailedJames Michael DeNoon of Potomac,

Maryland, pled guilty to False Advertisingor Soliciting as an Unlicensed Tree ExpertBusiness in Montgomery County DistrictCourt January 9, 2007. The judge sen-tenced DeNoon to 180 days in jail with 178days suspended, $1,000 in fines with $500suspended, and 12 months of supervisedprobation. DeNoon was remanded to thecustody of the court to begin serving thetwo-day sentence immediately.

Additional charges of Operating a TreeExpert Business Without a License wereplaced on the Stet docket. This involves asuspension of the prosecution and provides


Tree News

With an advertising campaign that included this roadside billboard, Adirondack Tree Experts in Beltsville, Maryland, made sure its achieving TCIA Accreditation in February 2006 did not gounnoticed. At the time of the ad campaign, only 59 companies were accredited. As of mid February 2007, 112 companies were accredited. This photo was sent to us by John W. Anna, Jr.,company president.


1. Airspade/Concept Engineering ................................. 28Altec Industries, Inc. ................................................ 53

2. Alturnamats................................................................ 443. American Arborist Supply ........................................ 564. ArborMAX Insurance Program ................................ 235. ArborSystems ............................................................ 156. Autumn Tree Care Experts, Inc. .............................. 747. Bailey’s ...................................................................... 318. Bandit Industries, Inc. .............................................. 37

The F.A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company................... 789. Beaver Squeezer Grapple, LLC................................ 3410. Bishop Company ....................................................... 1411. Blue Ridge Arborist Supply, LLC ............................ 2812. Border City Tool & Manufacturing Co. .................. 7913. Buckingham Manufacturing Co. ............................. 1214. Care of Trees, Inc. .................................................... 7415. Cutter's Choice........................................................... 6916. Davey Tree Expert Co. ............................................. 7617. DICA Marketing Co. ................................................ 6918. Doggett Corp. ............................................................ 1619. ECHO Inc. ...................................... Inside Back Cover20. FAE USA, Inc. ............................................................ 121. FAE USA, Inc. ......................................................... 3922. Fanno Saw Works...................................................... 6723. Fecon, Inc. ................................................................ 3524. G&A Equipment, Inc. .............................................. 7525. Giuffre Brothers Cranes ............................................ 5026. Gregson-Clark Spraying Equipment......................... 2727. Ground Crew ............................................................. 3628. Gyro Trac, Inc. ......................................................... 4073. Husqvarna ....................................... Inside Front Cover29. IML-Instrument Mechanic Labor, Inc. .................... 7930. Independent Protection Company............................. 8431. ISA............................................................................. 8332. J. Davis Tree Service, Inc. ....................................... 2133. J.J. Mauget Co. ......................................................... 1334. J.P. Carlton, Div. DAF Inc. ........................................ 335. Jameson, LLC............................................................ 51

36. Jarraff Industries, Inc. ............................................... 4637. Lewis Utility Truck Sales, Inc. ................................ 8238. Loftness/US Attachments.......................................... 4139. Mainka Enterprises, LLC.......................................... 1940. Miller Machine Works .............................................. 8441. Morbark, Inc. ....................................................... 48-4942. Nelson Tree Service, Inc. ......................................... 2543. New England Ropes, Inc. ........................................ 1044. Opdyke, Inc. ............................................................. 2945. Oregon Cutting Systems Group................................ 7146. Payeur Distributions .................................................. 4047. Petro-Canada ............................................................. 1748. Rainbow Treecare Scientific ..................................... 1149. Rapco Industries, Inc. ............................................... 6850. Rayco Manufacturing, Inc. ......................................... 551. Rotochopper, Inc. ..................................................... 5752. SavATree.................................................................... 8253. Schodorf Truck Body & Equip. Co. ........................ 7654. SherrillTree .................................................................. 755. Southco Industries, Inc. ............................................ 8956. STIHL, Inc. ............................................................... 7357. TCIA EXPO............................................................... 6359. TCIA Certified Treecare Safety Professional-CTSP... 8760. TCIA Membership..................................................... 93

TCIA PACT ............................................................... 9161. Terex Utilities ............................................................ 4762. Teupen America......................................................... 4563. Timberwolf Mfg. Corp. ............................................ 3864. Top Notch Treecare ................................................... 3865. TREE Fund................................................................ 6566. Tree Management Systems, Inc./Arbor Gold........... 3067. Tree Tech Microinjection Systems ........................... 1668. Vitamin Institute......................................... Back Cover69. Vortex Truck & Equipment....................................... 2670. Weaver Leather, Inc. ................................................. 8178. Western Tree Equipment & Repairs ......................... 7872. Zenith Cutter Co. ...................................................... 77

Please tell these advertisers where you saw their ad.They appreciate your patronage.

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* Please circle this number on the Reader’s Service Card for more information.

that the state may reopen the case withoutthe need for the defendant to be recharged.A case may be a reopened because of thedefendant’s arrest on additional charges orhis/her failure to live up to an agreed uponcondition within a reasonable time after theentry of the stet.

The charges were filed by the MarylandNatural Resources Police in October of2006 related to a complaint received by the

Maryland Forest Service, a division of theDepartment of Natural Resources. Thecomplaint came from city of Rockvilleofficials, who advised that DeNoon hadattended a site construction pre-bid meet-ing purporting to be the applicant’sLicensed Tree Expert, and that at the meet-ing he distributed business cardsadvertising his business as licensed andinsured. A check of departmental recordsshowed that DeNoon is not a Licensed

Tree Expert and has no Licensed TreeExperts on staff.

In August of 2001, DeNoon wascharged with committing the same twooffenses. He failed to appear at trial butsubsequently pled guilty to two chargesof failure to appear and to the two natu-ral resources violations, and wassentenced to $720 in fines and ordered topay $240 in court costs.


This is a simple story of one man’sjourney in the tree care industry,and how it changed his life forever.

And, hopefully, it will make some readersthink of their present and future.

As with many in tree care, I fell into thisbusiness by accident, having been a highschool dropout without a plan. But fortu-nately I was given an opportunity to obtaintraining with the Davey Tree Expert Co.This launched a long journey for which Ihave many fond memories. I spent 15 ofthese many years in the power-line clear-ance sector, and rose to middlemanagement positions with various com-panies.

In 1997, at 37 years of age, I decided totry my hand at self employment. So, onOctober 1 of that year, I opened Charlie’sTree Service LLC.

This venture grew continuously, obtain-ing more clients, equipment andemployees. I thought I was on the top ofthe world; expansion was at a rate of asolid 10 percent each year.

Then disaster.

In all those years of climbing and trim-ming or removing trees, sometimes inimpossible situations, I never had an acci-dent. That’s 24 years of safe practice. Then,on the fateful day of August 3, 2004, I hadmy crews out at work and volunteered tohelp my then father in-law (a millionaire)for free.

We went to his lake place in northernMinnesota. I simply had to climb andremove five trees about 80 feet high – no

big deal. But on the first tree I worked myway to the top, limbing as I went, and thenwas working my way down chunking

wood into a small area below. At 20 feet, Idecided to cut in a false crotch and rappelto the ground. It didn’t work. Instead I fell20 feet, landed directly on my butt andpromptly exploded my 1-2 vertebrae. Thisof course meant an airlift to Minneapolis,six hours of surgery and three weeks in thehospital, and then three months learninghow to walk again.

In the meantime my faithful employeeskept on working. Yeah, working on steal-ing everything they could, includingchecks from customers.

By the time I could get out to supervise,it was too late – the company I built waswiped out.

I had health insurance and disabilityinsurance, but it’s never enough. So in themeantime I had to dismantle the company,sell all the equipment and, eventually, allmy personal belongings as well. It put somuch stress on my marriage, that, too, wasdismantled.

The reason I’m telling you this tale ofwoe is because I know many tree people doside work for cash – and sometimes do nothave insurance coverage. So, the next timeyou decide to do a side job for cash, keepin mind that total disaster could be the nexttree. Are you prepared?

I miss the climbing, as I know you allwould, too. Be safe and mindful of whatyou’re doing, and remember your familieswant you to come home each day in onepiece.

Charles A. Pfingsten II

Forest Lake, Minnesota

From the Field

Could Your Getting Injured Kill Your Business?

TCI will pay $100 for published “From the Field” articles. Submissions become the property of TCI and are subject to editingfor grammar, style and length. Entries must include the name of a company and a contact person. Send to: Tree Care Industry, 3Perimeter Road, Unit 1, Manchester, NH 03101, or [email protected].

Photo courtesy Schneider Tree Care

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