PLAYING MAPMAKER

WHY WE START IN EUROPE

A. THE AXIS THEORYEarly civilization

Spread along similar latitudes

No need for new crop innovationAllows for other

development

B. Growth of Empires

B. Growth of EmpiresEmpires aim for coastlines

Easier to…TravelAttack

Why not Pacific Ocean?

C. Empires Today?What empires exist today?

Where/how can countries expand?

1300-1600

The Renaissance

U rban centersM erchant powerP ope’s power declinedI individualismR ecovery from the Black

Death earlierE ngland and France at

war

A. The Italian Renaissance1. Why Italy?

A. Focus on Secular (non-religious) Pursuits

B. “Renaissance Man”: W ell-roundedI ntelligent/curiousG ood manners

2. Humanism – Focus on the Individual

Leonardo da Vinci: THE Renaissance Man

Book on how a gentleman should act

“Although some qualities are common to both and are as necessary for a man as for a woman, there are yet others that befit a woman more than a man, and others that befit as man to which a woman ought to be a complete stranger. I say this of bodily exercises; in her ways, manners, words, gestures, and bearing, a woman ought to be very unlike a man; it is seemly for a woman to have a soft delicate tenderness,. . . . And I do think that beauty is more necessary to her than to the Courtier, for truly that woman lacks much who lacks beauty. . . .”

Baldasarre Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier

How to governFamous Quotes:

“The end justifies the means.”

“Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with.”

“A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.”

Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince

B. Medieval ArtNon-dimensionalDull colorsReligiousAnonymousDisproportionate

C. Renaissance Art1. PerspectiveCreates an illusion of

depth on a flat surface

School of Athens by RAPHAEL

2. RealismDrawing and

sculpting people as they are – perfect and imperfect

Michaelangelo

Michelangelo

Pieta , 1499 David, 1504

Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, 1508-12

Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

The Protestant Reformation

1517-1600

1. The Printing RevolutionA) 1456 Johan Gutenberg the BibleB) Everyone has access to their religion

2. The Case Against the Church

A. 1517: Martin Luther writes 95 Theses against church, founds own religion (Lutheran)

Catholic church never recovers from split

“Justification by faith alone”

B. 1521: Excommunicated, but not executed…

Figure 1: The guy we’re talking about

Figure 2: Not the guy we’re talking about

3. Catholic Response

A. Re-establish authorityInquisition

B. Council of Trent (1545)

Almost 20 yearsRe-affirms most

beliefs

IS THIS REALLY HELPING?

With hocked gems financing himOur hero bravely defied all scornful laughterThat tried to prevent his schemeYour eyes deceive, he said,An egg,Not a table,Correctly typifies this unexplored domain.Now three sturdy sisters sought proofForging along sometimes through calm vastnessYet more often over turbulent peaks and valleysDays became weeksAs many doubters spread fearful rumoursAbout the edgeAt last from nowhere winged creatures appearedSignifying momentous success.

Exploration1450-1600

A. So why go explore? – the three G’s1. Glory!

2. God!

3. Gold!LumberGold/silverFood/MedicineAnimal skins/fur

B. Who is Exploring?Map the expeditions of the following, and indicate who they’re working for:

Columbus Drake Magellan da Gama Vespucci Cortez Pizarro

C. What Problems are Waiting for Them?NATIVES

DISEASE

MUTINY ON SHIPS

BAD SEAS

OTHER COUNTRIES?

D. What are the results?1. New resources

2. Different trade routes

3. New colonies to own

4. Knowledge of the world

At what cost?

E. What about everybody else?A. China, Japan, India build very

advanced societies in East Asia

B. Lose desire to communicate with West

C. Development slows

Figure 1: Early Japanese Samurai

Figure 2: Last SamuraiFigure 3:

Dwarfing Columbus

HOLY SACRED BEINGS, BATMAN!

WORLD RELIGIONS

What percentage of the world practices…

Islam?Judaism?Hinduism?Christianity?Buddhism?Non-religion?Atheism?

Sacred SpacesWhat did President Obama have to say about

the mosque that we read about? Do you agree or disagree with the president’s statement?

What makes a space sacred?

The article says that “sacred spaces…will never be the same to all people, so their management demands particular humility.” How should people act in sacred spaces?

World Religions: A Comparison

Judaism

Name of Deity God (Yahweh)

Founder Abraham

Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)

Leadership Rabbis

Basic Beliefs There is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings

World Religions: A Comparison

Buddhism

Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity

Founder The Buddha

Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra

Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns

Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions;

Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path

World Religions: A Comparison

Christianity

Name of Deity God

Founder Jesus Christ

Holy Book Bible

Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)

Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin,

making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus

World Religions: A Comparison

Hinduism

Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Founder No one founder

Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas

Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest

Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing

themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,

knowledge, and virtuous acts.

World Religions: A Comparison

Islam

Name of Deity God (Allah)

Founder Muhammad

Holy Book Qur’an

Leadership Imam

Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These

pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,

Difference between Islam and Muslim…Islam is the religion and Muslims are people

who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.

Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.

War Over Ground Zero-Religious Tolerance Today?

Religion ActivitiesUse pages 612-626 in text to complete “Where in the

World is Sarmen Candiego?” activity.

Work in partners to complete the following: You must create a comic strip of at least three frames

that has the following :At least two people arguing over the difference between

their religionsThe same people realizing their religions have something in

commonA religious symbol for each personSomething in the background, on their clothes, etc. that

shows me what religion they are You are not allowed to write on the paper what religion they are

—I should be able to tell from drawing