play and developmental stages

8/7/2019 Play and Developmental Stages

1/15

Play and DevelopmentalPlay and Developmental

StagesStages

Msc. Silvia Vargas Aguilar.Msc. Silvia Vargas Aguilar.


2/15

BirthBirth--18 months.18 months.

Almost all neuron ( nerve cells) are present atAlmost all neuron ( nerve cells) are present atbirth but most are not connected in networks.birth but most are not connected in networks.The connecting process (synapse formation) isThe connecting process (synapse formation) israpid during this year, with brain activityrapid during this year, with brain activity

becoming closer to adult newborn by 12 months.becoming closer to adult newborn by 12 months.

Areas of greatest growth are sensor motor, visualAreas of greatest growth are sensor motor, visualcortex and later the frontal lobels. Play reflectscortex and later the frontal lobels. Play reflectsthe development of brain areas. This what Piagetthe development of brain areas. This what Piagetcalled practice play.called practice play.


3/15

BirthBirth--18 months18 months

Sight, sound, touch, taste, smell. These are theSight, sound, touch, taste, smell. These are theways babies learn about the world. This is whyways babies learn about the world. This is whythe best infant toys are usually brightly coloredthe best infant toys are usually brightly colorednoisemakers. They soon graduate from mobilesnoisemakers. They soon graduate from mobiles

(try a musical one for extra interest) and mirrors(try a musical one for extra interest) and mirrors(which they find fascinating) to grasping and(which they find fascinating) to grasping andholding. Toys they can manipulate with pleasingholding. Toys they can manipulate with pleasingeffectseffects--activity quilts with different textures:activity quilts with different textures:attachments that squeak or jingle; rattles;attachments that squeak or jingle; rattles;

activity bars; soft balls to drop and retrieveactivity bars; soft balls to drop and retrieve--beginbeginto teach them dexterity and the concept ofto teach them dexterity and the concept ofcausecause-- and effect.and effect.


4/15


As babies team to sit up, crawl, stand andAs babies team to sit up, crawl, stand andthen walk, the possibilities quickly expand.then walk, the possibilities quickly expand.They are ready to experiment with nestingThey are ready to experiment with nestingcups, activity boxes, stacking rings, largecups, activity boxes, stacking rings, largeblocks and a little later with shape.blocks and a little later with shape.Sorters. These toys help develop fineSorters. These toys help develop finemotor skills and reach relationshipsmotor skills and reach relationshipsamong objects. Cloth or board books,among objects. Cloth or board books,especially intriguing with pictures of facesespecially intriguing with pictures of facesor familiar objects, let then, practiceor familiar objects, let then, practiceobjectobject--recognition and instill basic ideas ofrecognition and instill basic ideas oflanguage.language.


5/15


Babies and toddleres also love bathtubBabies and toddleres also love bathtubtoys because they delight in all kinds oftoys because they delight in all kinds ofwater play such as filling, emptying andwater play such as filling, emptying and

splashing. And as soon as they are up onsplashing. And as soon as they are up ontheir feet, they are ready to roll withtheir feet, they are ready to roll withpushpush--pull toys.pull toys.

A word of caution: Be sure any toy for aA word of caution: Be sure any toy for a

child in this age group has no small pieceschild in this age group has no small piecesthat can be removed or broken off andthat can be removed or broken off andswallowed, no sharp edges or points, andswallowed, no sharp edges or points, andis made of materials.is made of materials.


6/15

18 months18 months--3 years.3 years.

During this age the synapsesDuring this age the synapsescontinue to expand and reach aboutcontinue to expand and reach about1,000 trillion1,000 trillion--twice the density of thetwice the density of the

adult brain. The structures of theadult brain. The structures of thebrain that are sensitive to languagebrain that are sensitive to languageand social emotional responseand social emotional responsedevelop.develop.

Motor development continues at aMotor development continues at arapid pace.rapid pace.


7/15


Action is the name of the game forAction is the name of the game fortoddlers, who delight in running, jumping,toddlers, who delight in running, jumping,climbing and riding.climbing and riding.

TakeTake--apart toys, popapart toys, pop--up toys mid simpleup toys mid simplepuzzle gratify toddlerspuzzle gratify toddlers curiosity aboutcuriosity abouthow things work, reinforcing their eyehow things work, reinforcing their eye--hand coordination and understandinofhand coordination and understandinofspatial orientation and cause and effect.spatial orientation and cause and effect.


8/15


One of the best possible toys is that timeOne of the best possible toys is that time--tested classic, a good block set, ittested classic, a good block set, it s justs justabout the most openabout the most open--ended, mindended, mind--expanding toy made for kids of almost allexpanding toy made for kids of almost all

ages and one that will be used for years.ages and one that will be used for years. Another creative, tactileAnother creative, tactile-- pleasing choice ispleasing choice is

modeling clay. Tambourines, xylophoes,modeling clay. Tambourines, xylophoes,drums and other simple musicaldrums and other simple musical

instruments are satisfying noisemakers.instruments are satisfying noisemakers. Again, be sure toys are made of nontoxicAgain, be sure toys are made of nontoxic

materiaks, with no sharp edges or pointsmateriaks, with no sharp edges or pointsor small parts that can be removed oror small parts that can be removed orbroken off and swallowed.broken off and swallowed.


9/15

33--6 years6 years

This is the fastest growth period for theThis is the fastest growth period for thefrontal lobe networks, and speed offrontal lobe networks, and speed ofprocessing, memory, and problem solvingprocessing, memory, and problem solving

is increasing. The brain is at 90% of itsis increasing. The brain is at 90% of itsadult weight by 6 years.adult weight by 6 years.

Imagination and interaction play startingImagination and interaction play startingroles during the preschool years, and theroles during the preschool years, and the

best toys help set the stafe for developingbest toys help set the stafe for developingthese skills. Things that connect with thethese skills. Things that connect with theexperiences children have are the best forexperiences children have are the best fordramatic play.dramatic play.


10/15

33--6 years6 years

Opt for a generic unstructured item ratherOpt for a generic unstructured item ratherthan the singlethan the single--function brand namefunction brand nameversion. Play telephones, kitchenversion. Play telephones, kitchen

appliances and utensils, tool sets, medicalappliances and utensils, tool sets, medicalkits, vehicles, dresskits, vehicles, dress--up clothes and, ofup clothes and, ofcourse, baby dolls, as well as toy peoplecourse, baby dolls, as well as toy peopleand animals all spark the scenariosand animals all spark the scenarios

children like to construct. Finger or handchildren like to construct. Finger or handpuppets offer another way of acting outpuppets offer another way of acting outand mastering dayand mastering day--toto--day experiences.day experiences.


11/15

33--6 years6 years

The language and social skills practicedThe language and social skills practicedthrough makethrough make--believe games come intobelieve games come intoplay as preschoolers interact more andplay as preschoolers interact more and

more. Early board games introduce themore. Early board games introduce theconcept of taking turns and sharin withconcept of taking turns and sharin withothers, while letterothers, while letter--,word,word-- and numberand numberrecognition toys and games reinforcerecognition toys and games reinforce

math and language learning. So, ofmath and language learning. So, ofcourse, do books, especially if they arecourse, do books, especially if they arechosen to match the childchosen to match the child s interests.s interests.


12/15

33--6 years6 years

Art materials (clay, crayons,Art materials (clay, crayons,markers, paints, collage materials)markers, paints, collage materials)are another creative favorite withare another creative favorite withmost children in this age group. Andmost children in this age group. Anddo not forget jump ropes, largerdo not forget jump ropes, largertricycles and that alwaystricycles and that always-- memorablememorable

first bike with training wheels.first bike with training wheels.


13/15

66--9 years9 years

This synaptic connections in motorThis synaptic connections in motorand sensory areas are firmlyand sensory areas are firmlyestablished and the process ofestablished and the process ofelimination synapses (pruning) inelimination synapses (pruning) inthese areas has begun. Because ofthese areas has begun. Because ofthe activity in higher brain controlthe activity in higher brain control

centers, children increase in levels ofcenters, children increase in levels ofattention and ability to inhibitattention and ability to inhibitimpulses.impulses.


14/15

66--9 years9 years

By the time they are in the primaryBy the time they are in the primarygrades, children have gotten the hang ofgrades, children have gotten the hang ofbasi dexterity, language, and social skills;basi dexterity, language, and social skills;

now they are eager to practice and refinenow they are eager to practice and refinethem. They like ti challenge themselves,them. They like ti challenge themselves,intellectually, with puzzles and games thatintellectually, with puzzles and games thattest their growing knowledge or involvetest their growing knowledge or involve

strategy (checkers, card games) andstrategy (checkers, card games) andphysically, with pickphysically, with pick up sticks, jacks,up sticks, jacks,roller skates, pogo sticks and ball games.roller skates, pogo sticks and ball games.


15/15

66--9 years9 years

There are lots of other imaginative optionsThere are lots of other imaginative optionsthan can broaden this groupthan can broaden this group s horizons,s horizons,from craft sets for making jewerly andfrom craft sets for making jewerly and

puppets to a microscope, naturepuppets to a microscope, nature--study kit,study kit,or printing set. You might also turn theor printing set. You might also turn thepassion for collecting that many childrenpassion for collecting that many childrendevelop at this age into a special linkdevelop at this age into a special link

between the two of you: for example, bybetween the two of you: for example, byadding a special doll or action figure or setadding a special doll or action figure or setof stamps.of stamps.

play and developmental stages

Documents