PlatinumPlatinumUsed in catalytic converters in cars. Platinum is more expensive than gold, which explains why catalytic converters are so expensive to replace.Some catalytic converters are made from Palladium (Pd).

The tide of life is sometimes very

rough but each storm

ridden through makes us a better captain

of our fate.

Things are not always what they seem!

TypoglycemiaTypoglycemia• I cdnuot blveiee that I cluod aulacity I cdnuot blveiee that I cluod aulacity

uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg The uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg The phaonmeneal pweor of the hmuan mnid phaonmeneal pweor of the hmuan mnid Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer inwaht oredr the Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer inwaht oredr the ltteers in a word are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is ltteers in a word are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit that the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still raed it wouthit a porbelm. This is can still raed it wouthit a porbelm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, buth the word as a wlohe. lteter by istlef, buth the word as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas thought Amzanig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas thought slpeling was ipmoranttslpeling was ipmorantt

Writing and Balancing Writing and Balancing

Chemical EquationsChemical Equations

Chemical EquationsChemical Equations

• Show what atoms, Show what atoms, compounds or molecules compounds or molecules are involved in the chemical are involved in the chemical reaction.reaction.

Signs of a chemical Signs of a chemical reactionreaction

• OdorOdor• Color ChangeColor Change• Heat given off Heat given off

or Absorbedor Absorbed• Light Light • Gas given offGas given off

Precipitate – a solid that forms from combining of two liquids.

ReactantReactant

• Substances that undergoes Substances that undergoes a reaction. a reaction.

ProductProduct

• The new substance or The new substance or substances that are formed substances that are formed from the reactants.from the reactants.

Chemical equationChemical equation

• Use of symbols to describe the Use of symbols to describe the chemical reaction.chemical reaction.

• EX: HCEX: HC22HH33OO22 (aq) + NaHCO (aq) + NaHCO33 (aq) (aq) ----> NaC ----> NaC22HH33OO22 (aq) + H (aq) + H22O (l) + COO (l) + CO22 (g)(g)

Endothermic Endothermic ReactionsReactions

• Reactions where energy is Reactions where energy is consumed to allow the products consumed to allow the products to form.to form.

• Ex: Water + energy ---> hydrogen Ex: Water + energy ---> hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. gas and oxygen gas.

Exothermic reactionsExothermic reactions

• Reaction where energy is released.Reaction where energy is released.

• Ex: Glucose + oxygen ----> energy Ex: Glucose + oxygen ----> energy in our bodies. in our bodies.

• Ex: methane gas burns with Ex: methane gas burns with oxygen to produce water and oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.carbon dioxide.

Law of conservation Law of conservation of mass of mass

• States that matter is neither created States that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.reaction.

LavoisierLavoisier

• Came up with the Law of Conservation Came up with the Law of Conservation of Mass.of Mass.

• Beheaded during the French Revolution.Beheaded during the French Revolution.• Named oxygenNamed oxygen

Rules for balancing Rules for balancing equations:equations: Rule 1 Rule 1

• Check to see if there are Check to see if there are any any singlesingle diatomic elements. diatomic elements.

• [ Use [ Use subscriptsubscript to denote.] to denote.] NOF seven and Hydrogen NOF seven and Hydrogen

Rule 2Rule 2

• Check to see if compounds are Check to see if compounds are balanced. balanced.

• (Use (Use subscriptssubscripts to balance charges to balance charges only)only)

Rule 3Rule 3

• Now balance the atoms on Now balance the atoms on the left side of the yield the left side of the yield sign with atoms on right side.sign with atoms on right side.

• (Use coefficient only)(Use coefficient only)

ProblemProblem

• Chlorine a gas reacts with Chlorine a gas reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium to produce aqueous sodium hypochlorite, aqueous hypochlorite, aqueous sodium chloride and liquid water.sodium chloride and liquid water.

• Try and write out the equation.Try and write out the equation.

First check is there a single First check is there a single diatomic element:diatomic element:

• ClCl22 (diatomic and single(diatomic and single) + NaOH ) + NaOH (aq) -----> NaClO (aq) + NaCl (aq) (aq) -----> NaClO (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H+ H22O (l)O (l)

• Next check the charges of the Next check the charges of the compounds are they balanced?compounds are they balanced?

If the compound are not If the compound are not equal to zero, use subscripts equal to zero, use subscripts to balance.to balance.

• Na +1 OH -1 Yes Na +1 OH -1 Yes • Na +1 ClO -1 Yes Na +1 ClO -1 Yes • Na +1 Cl -1 Yes Na +1 Cl -1 Yes • 2 (H +1) O -2 Yes2 (H +1) O -2 Yes• So we have:So we have:

• ClCl22 (g) + NaOH (aq) ---> NaClO (g) + NaOH (aq) ---> NaClO (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H(aq) + NaCl (aq) + H22O (l)O (l)

Now use coefficientNow use coefficient::

• ClCl22 (g) + 2NaOH (aq) -----> (g) + 2NaOH (aq) -----> NaClO (aq) + NaCl NaClO (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H(aq) + H22O (l)O (l)

• BalancedBalanced

ProblemsProblems : :

• 1. C + O -----> CO1. C + O -----> CO22

• 2. H CO2. H CO33 -----> H -----> H22O + COO + CO22

• WorkWork

AnswersAnswers

• 1. C + O1. C + O22 ----> CO ----> CO22

• 2. 2. H H 22COCO33 -----> H -----> H22O O + CO+ CO22

ProblemsProblems

• Solid potassium reacts with Solid potassium reacts with liquid water to produce aqueous liquid water to produce aqueous potassium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.hydrogen gas.

• WorkWork

AnswerAnswer

• 2 K (s) + 2 H2 K (s) + 2 H22O (l) O (l) -----> 2 KOH (aq) + -----> 2 KOH (aq) + HH22 (g) (g)

ProblemProblem

• Mg Cl (aq) + Ag NOMg Cl (aq) + Ag NO33 (aq) (aq) ---> Mg NO---> Mg NO33 (aq) + Ag Cl (s) (aq) + Ag Cl (s)

• WorkWork

AnswerAnswer

MgClMgCl22 (aq) + 2 Ag NO (aq) + 2 Ag NO33 (aq) + (aq) +

Mg (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 AgCl (s)

QuestionQuestion

• List the NOF seven List the NOF seven (the diatomic (the diatomic elements).elements).

AnswerAnswer

• Hydrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Bromine, AstatineOxygen, Bromine, Astatine

QuestionQuestion

• If you are making cookies and If you are making cookies and you mix butter, eggs, milk, flour, you mix butter, eggs, milk, flour, sugar, and chocolate chips. sugar, and chocolate chips. Which would be the reactants Which would be the reactants and which the product?and which the product?

AnswerAnswer

• The cookies are the The cookies are the product. Everything else product. Everything else was the reactants.was the reactants.

QuestionQuestion

• 1. If you are baking cookies, is 1. If you are baking cookies, is this an (exothermic or this an (exothermic or endothermic) reaction?endothermic) reaction?

• 2. If you light a firecracker, is 2. If you light a firecracker, is this an (exothermic or this an (exothermic or endothermic) reaction? endothermic) reaction?

AnswersAnswers

• 1. Endothermic1. Endothermic

• 2. Exothermic2. Exothermic

QuestionQuestion

• List some ways you might tell if a List some ways you might tell if a reaction has taken place.reaction has taken place.

AnswerAnswer

• You smell something, you see a You smell something, you see a gas, it fizzes, change color, a gas, it fizzes, change color, a precipitate form, see light given precipitate form, see light given off or energy is given off.off or energy is given off.

Thermite

Was that a chemical Was that a chemical reaction? Why or Why Notreaction? Why or Why Not

Yes: There was light given off , heat and smoke