Plasmon applications in PhC

Metamaterials and superfocusing effects

Daniele Masciarelli25 July 2007

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1. What are PLASMONS?

• Coupled oscillations of charge carrier density and electromagnetic field (plasmon polariton)

• Solutions of Maxwell’s equation for metals

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1. What are PLASMONS? First evidences

• Found solving Maxwell’s equations for telegraphic metal wires– J. Zenneck, Annalen der Physik, 23, 846

(1907)– A. Sommerfeld, Annalen der Physik, 28, 44

(1909)

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2. Plasmon coupling: Bulk Plasmons

• Bulk plasmon modes• Calculation of propagation constant for a metal (free

charges)• Dynamic Drude-Sommerfeld model

– P. Drude, Annalen der Physik, 1, 566 (1900)

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2. Plasmon coupling: Bulk Plasmons

• E. J. Prucha, Handbook of optical constants of solids (1998)

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2. Plasmon coupling: Surface Plasmons

• Surface plasmon modes• Solution of Maxwell’s equation for a

dielectric/metal interface

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2. Plasmon coupling: Surface Plasmons

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2. Plasmon coupling: Surface Plasmons

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2. Plasmon coupling: Surface Plasmons

• They can be excited just using special configurationsa) A. Otto, Zeitschrift für Physik, 216, 398 (1968)

b) E. Kretschmann, Untersuchungen zur Anregung und Streuung von Oberflächenplasmaschwingungen an Silberschichten, Ph.D. thesis (1972)

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3. How to exploit plasmon modes?

CAN PLASMON MODES BE EXPLOITED?

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3. How to exploit plasmon modes?

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3. How to exploit plasmon modes?

• Lycurgus cup, 4th century AD (British Museum, London)

• Particle plasmon modes: colors from embedded metal nanoparticles– Trasmitted light is red– Surface scattered light is green

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3. How to exploit plasmon modes?

Plasmons proprieties are geometry-dependent

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4. Combining PhC with Plasmon

WHAT HAPPEN COMBING PhC WITH PLASMONS?

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4. Combining PhC with Plasmon

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4. How to combine PhC with Plasmon

METAMATERIAL

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5. Metamaterials and their applications

• Metamaterial– From Greek metà (beyond) + Latin materia

(material)– To-the-letter meaning: material that doesn’t

exist in nature– Physics meaning: material with negative

refractive index

• V.G. Veselago, Sov. Phys.-Usp. 10, 509 (1968)

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5. Metamaterials and their applications: superlens

• J.B. Pendry, D.R. Smith, The quest for the superlens, Sci Am (2006)

• J.B. Pendry, Negative refraction makes a perfect lens, Phys Rev Lett (2000)

• D.R. Smith, How to build a Superlens, Science (2005)

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5. Metamaterials and their applications: superlens

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5. Metamaterials and their applications: supertransmission

• Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Optical Transmission through a silver grating

• L. Lin, R. J. Blaikie, R. J. Reeves Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (2005)

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5. Metamaterials and their applications: supertransmission

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6. How to build a metamaterial

• Metamaterials can be built using periodic arrays

• F.J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martín-Moreno, J.B. Pendry, J. Opt. A (2005)

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6. How to build a metamaterial

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6. How to build a metamaterial

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6. How to build a metamaterial

• J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, J. B. Pendry , Phys Rev Lett (1999)

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6. How to build a metamaterial

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6. How to build a metamaterial

• S. Linden et al., Costas M. Soukoulis, Science (2004)

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6. How to build a metamaterial

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6. How to build a metamaterial

Thanks for your kind attention!!!

Question-time!!!