plant propagation james city county/williamsburg master gardeners mg training class february 6, 2012
TRANSCRIPT
PLANTPROPAGATION
James City County/WilliamsburgMaster Gardeners
MG Training Class
February 6, 2012
PLANT PROPAGATION
Why do we propagate plants?
1. To increase the number of plants
2. To perpetuate species or individual plant
What are the two ways we propagate plants?
1. By seed - Sexual 2. Vegetatively - Asexual
Pollen + Egg (Floral)
New combination of genes
Uses part of plant
Identical to original plantNo exchange of genetic material
Cheaper, quickerNew varieties, hybrid vigor
Easier, fasterPerpetuate cultivars
ASEXUAL OR VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
CUTTINGSStemLeafRoot
LAYERINGSoilAir
DIVISION & SEPARATIONStolens & RunnersOffsetsBulbs & CormsCrown Divisions
GRAFTING & BUDDING
TISSUE CULTURE
STEM CUTTINGS
Tip Medial Cane
Single Eye Double Eye Heel
LEAF CUTTINGS
ROOT CUTTINGS
Whole Leafw/ Petiole w/o Petiole
SplitVein
Leaf Section
Plants with Small Roots
Plants with Large Roots
LAYERING
Tip Simple Compound
Mound
AIR LAYERING
DIVISION AND SEPARATION
CROWN DIVISION
STOLENS & RUNNERS 0FFSETS BULBS CORMS
TISSUE CULTURE Asceptically growing plant tissue such as cells, meristems,
shoot tips, embryos, root or stem and leaf sections
GRAFTING AND BUDDINGJoining of plant parts so they will grow as one plant
SEXUAL OR SEED PROPAGATION
A plant in a box with its lunch
Union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female) to produce a seed
A seed is made up of three parts:
Embryo young plant before emerging from seed
Endosperm seed’s food reserve
Seed coat protects the seed
A mature seed, put in a favorable environment, will germinate, or begin active growth
SEED ANATOMY
1. 2 cotyledons2. microphyle (hole)3. hilium (scar)4. seed coat6. plumule 7. radicle
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSTHAT AFFECT GERMINATION
MOISTURE
HEAT
OXYGEN
LIGHT
SEED STARTING REQUIREMENTS
Soil
Temperature
Moisture
Light
Air
Use clean seed starting mix w/o fertilizerDo NOT use garden soil
Germination temperature refers to soil temperature as well as air temperature
Seeds need constant moisture and soil that is not overly wet
Some seeds need light to germinateAll seeds need light upon germination
Respiration rate increases during seed germination and as seedling grows
GROWING SEEDS INDOORS
MATERIALS:CONTAINERS: pots, flats or containers. Clean &
disinfect used pots. 1 part bleach to 10 parts water.
SOIL: Bagged soilless seed starting mix (Potting soil)
PLANT LABELS: Plastic
INDELIBLE MARKER: Waterproof
STIFF CLEAR PLASTIC OR PLASTIC BAGS: Greenhouse-like atmosphere for germination
WATER: Use tepid water only to maintain soil temperature for seeding and until seedlings develop true leaves
LIGHT: Florescent or high density plant light
TIMER: 16 - 18 hours of light
Heating Mat with Thermostat
Seed Starting Materials
Seed Starting Materials 1. seeder with rotating wheel
2. labels
3. dibbler
4. fine-point black waterproof
marker
5. mini-transplanter
6. moisture meter
7. plant snips
8. seeder (tap or shake)
9. seeder (suction)
10. timer
11. plant light meter
12. indoor/outdoor min/max
thermometer
13. magnifying glass with light
14. soil scoop
15. spray bottle
16 small plastic flats
17. small bulldog clips
STARTING YOUR SEEDS
Prepare A Seed Starting Worksheet Name of seed (species, cultivar) Source of seed (Seed Company) Catalog number Seeds per packet and/or number of seeds sown Weeks to last frost date or planting out date Days for germination Cover seed? Date seeded Date transplanted Notes: Actual germination days, % Germination, Seed requirements,
Crop failure, etc.
TIME YOUR PLANTINGS RELATIVE TO LAST FROST DATE OR PLANTING OUT DATE USING INFORMATION ON CHARTS AND SEED PACKS
SEED STARTING WORKSHEET 2012
SEED NAMESPECIES, CULTIVAR
SOURCE SEED CO
CAT#
SEED /PKT
WKS TO SET OUT
DA TOGERM
COVERSEED
DATESEEDED
DATETRNSPLD
NOTES:
Coleus, Wizard Mixed Park
Seed Co.
C4482 50 10 5-10 NO
Seed Packet Information
Common, botanical and cultivar name Maturity date in days. Number of seeds in the package. Date packaged. Days to germinate. Minimum germination percentage. Cultural information including the following:
Germination temperature. Planting depth. Light required for germination. Seed pretreatment:
SoakingScarificationStatification
STARTING YOUR SEEDS
Planting Your SeedsPreparing planting mediumFilling containersSowing seeds following each seeds
requirementsCovering seedsWatering seedsProviding humid environmentProviding proper soil temperatureProviding proper light
Preparing Planting Medium
Dampen potting soil
Loosen potting soil
Filling Containers With Soil
Use pre-dampened potting mix
Don't pack the potting mix into the container
Fill to about 1/4” from the lip of the container
Gently firm and level with a spoon or a small board.
Sowing Seeds in Containers
Recheck seed requirements: pretreatment, light, sowing depth
Sprinkle small seeds lightly on top of the potting mix.
Larger seeds can be counted out and planted individually.
Plant a few extras but do not overseed.
Covering Your Seeds
Recheck seed covering requirements
Many seeds need light for germination
Some seeds need a light cover.
Some seeds need 2 to 3 times their diameter cover
Cover the seeds with the dampened potting mix and then gently firm again.
Watering Newly Planted Seeds
Spray a little additional tepid water over the newly planted seed
Moistens top layer of mix
Ensures good contact between the seed the mix
Spray bottle gives best control
Providing Humid Environment
Create a Greenhouse Effect
Contain both heat and moisture
Plastic bags w/tie or ziploc bags
Seed trays with clear plastic covers
SOIL TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
Warm, draft free spot
Soil temperature between 70 and 80 degrees F
Heating mats & Thermostats
Tops of water heaters & refrigerators
LIGHT REQUIREMENTS
Seeds and seedlings require 16-18 hours/day of light
Two 48” 40watt fluorescent tubes placed 1” from soil of plants provide the necessary 1000 footcandles.
Indirect window light yield ¼ as much.
Automatic timer
Plant lights should be 1” above the seeds or plants. Plants touching fluorescent lights will not be harmed.
MONITOR SEEDS DAILY
HUMIDITY moisture
on bag or glass
LIGHT CONDITIONS 16-18 hours,1” above soil or seedlings
HEAT CONDITIONS soil temperature - 70o, 75o, 80o room temperature - ambient
FOR GERMINATION
remove cover or bag as soon as you see germination
EMERGING SEEDLINGS
Radical, hypocotyl, cotyledons
Remove seed container from greenhouse environment
Monitor:
LIGHT – 16-18 hours, 1” above seedlings
MOISTURE – use tepid water to bottom water if needed
TEMPERATURE -air 55o – soil >70o for good root development
FERTILIZATION - none needed at this point
GROWING TO TRANSPLANT SIZE
True leaves, photosynthesis
Fertilizing
Thinning
Monitor: LIGHT – 16-18 hours, 1” above seedlings WATERING AND FERTILIZING – bottom water with tepid dilute fertilizer
solution TEMPERATURE – warm soil, cool air AIR CIRCULATION – disease, strength
TRANSPLANTING SEEDLINGS
True leaves
Seedlings are transplanted with soil up to their cotyledons
Bottom water to settle seedlings in
CARING FOR TRANSPLANTS
LIGHT – 16-18 hours, fluorescent lights 2” or less above seedlings
WATERING AND FERTILIZING – only bottom water with a dilute fertilizer solution
TEMPERATURE – no need for heating mats and maintain air temperatures of 55o for sturdy compact plants
AIR CIRCULATION – use of a fan to control fungus
HARDENING OFF TRANSPLANTSAcclimating seedlings from indoor to outdoor conditions
Takes 2-3 weeks
Sunlight 3 hours all dayLath stripsPartial shade
Temperature Above 45 degreesCoverBring indoors
Wind
PREGERMINATIONGerminating seeds before sowing
WHY START PLANTS FROM SEED ?
Starting plants from seed is less expensive
Unavailability of the plants you want locally:
Quantities
Varieties
Grow plant that are higher quality for planting
Having plants suitable for you planting schedule
Satisfaction of growing your own plants from seed
Plant sales
GOOD SEED STARTING AND HERB GROWING WEBSITES HOW TO SUCCEED AT SEED STARTING http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/landscap/h1139.pdf STARTING PLANTS FROM SEEDS http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/hort/g06570.htm VIRGINIA TECH PROPAGATING FROM SEED http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/envirohort/426-001/426-001.pdf STARTING SEEDS AT HOME http://ecgardening.cce.cornell.edu/PDFs/Starting%20Seeds%20at%20Home.pdf WEEKEND GARDENER INDIIVIDUAL PLANT SEED TIPS http://www.chestnut-sw.com/seedhp.htm SEED GERMINATION DATABASE http://www.backyardgardener.com/tm.html http://tomclothier.hort.net/ FIRST YEAR BLOOMING PERENNIALS http://www.dianeseeds.com/flowers/first-year-perennials.html http://www.inthegardenonline.com/basics_firstyearperennialsB20.htm http://www.robsplants.com/plants/fastperennials.php GROWING HERBS AT HOME http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-8110.html
REFERENCE: THE NEW SEED-STARTERS HANDBOOK, NANCY BUBEL,1988, RODALE ASEXUAL PLANT PROPAGATION WEBSITES: VIRGINIA TECH http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-002/426-002.html UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/propagation/ REFERENCES: PLANT PROPAGATION A-Z, GEOFF BRYANT, FIREFLY, 2003 THE AHC PLANT PROPAGATION, ALAN TOOGOOD, DK, 1999
SEEDS AND SEED SUPPLIES
Park Seed Company, 1 Parkton Ave, | Greenwood, SC 29647 800-213-0076 http://www.parkseed.com Harris Seeds, 355 Paul Rd. P.O. Box 24966, Rochester, NY 14624-0966 (800)514-4441 http://gardeners.harrisseeds.com Home Harvest Seeds (Ferry Morse), 4870 Dawn Avenue, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 517.332.3688 http://homeharvestseeds.com/ferrymorsemain.htm W. Atlee Burpee & Co., 300 Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974, (800) 888-1447 http://www.burpee.com Johnny's Selected Seeds, 955 Benton Avenue, Winslow, Maine 04901 (877)564-6697 http://www.johnnyseeds.com Stokes Seeds, P.O.Box 548, Buffalo, NY 1420-0548 Ph (800)396-9238 http://www.stokeseeds.com
SEEDS ONLY Select Seed, 180 Stickney Hill Rd, Union, CT 06076 (800)684-0395 http://www.selectseeds.com/ Heirloom Seeds, 287 E. Finley Drive, West Finley, PA 15377 http://www.heirloomseeds.com/ Diane's Flower Seeds, 1380 N. Hwy 89, Ogden, UT 84404. http://www.dianeseeds.com Pinetree Garden Seeds, P.O.Box300, New Gloucester, ME 04260 (888) 527-3337 http://www.superseeds.com Heirloom Acres Seeds, 2529 CR #338, New Bloomfield, MO 65063 Ph (573)491-3001 http://www.heirloomacresseeds.com Territorial Seed Company, PO Box 158, Cottage Grove, OR • 97424-0061 800-626-0866 http://www.territorialseed.com/ Thompson & Morgan Seedsmen, Inc., 220 Faraday Avenue, Jackson, NJ 08527-5073 (800) 274-7333 http://www.tmseeds.com