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Lecture 3. Plant Form and Function

NaSc1

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Overview of Plant Body (Angiosperms)

Shoot System

Stem Leaves Flowers

Root System

http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/plant_anatomy.jpg

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Plant

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Meristems-enables plants to have

indeterminate growth

Apical meristems –tip of roots and shoots

-initiate primary growth in the length of roots and shoots

Primary Plant Body

Lateral/Secondary MeristemSecondary Growth

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Apical Meristems

Primary meristems1) Protoderm2) Procambium3) Ground meristem

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Basic Types of Plant Cells

Meristematic CellsMeristems

InitialsDerivative

DifferentiationCoast RedwoodSeqouia sempervirens

http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/trees/coastredwood/tallest_tree_in_the_world/

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Cell Types

1. Parenchyma Cells

Pliable, thin-walled

Alive when matured

Photosynthesis, storage, secretion

http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1151/Locked/media/ch35/35_09PlantCellDiversity-parenchyma.jpg

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Cell Types

2. Collenchyma Cells

Thick, elongated and uneven cells glued by pectin

Lack secondary walls

Flexible support

kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/2153lb1pg5.htm

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Cell Types

2. Sclerenchyma Cells

With secondary cell wall hardened by lignin

Support mature plants

Protection of cells

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Tissues of Vascular Plants

Vascular Plants

Types of Plant Tissue

Simple tissueComplex tissue

Tissue system1) Dermal2) Vascular3) Ground

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1) Dermal Tissue System

Outer protective covering

Prevents physical damage and water loss

EpidermisPeridermCuticle

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1) Dermal Tissue System

Outer protective covering (physical damage desiccation)

Begins as parenchyma cells then modifies

Helps control the exchange of gases and water vapor

EpidermisPeridermCuticle

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2) Vascular Tissue SystemTwo complex

tissues:1) Xylem

*Sap

http://www.paintthelight.net/BotanyProject/Activities/images/2004_gallery_stem_diagram.jpg

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2) Vascular Tissue SystemTwo complex

tissues:

2) Phloem

*Sap

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3) Ground/Fundamental Tissue System

Makes up the plant’s bulk

Cortex-between dermal and

vascular tissues*storage of food

Pith-between phloem and

xylem-soft spongy parenchyma

cells

*nutrient storage and transport http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pith

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/botany/images/fig3-big.gif

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Tissues of Vascular Plants

http://www.progressivegardens.com/knowledge_tree/tissue.jpg

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Sources

Raven, P.H. , Evert, R.F. and Eichhorn, S.E. 1999. Biology of Plants 6th Ed. W.H. Freeman and Co. Worth Publishers, USA. 944 pp.

Nabors, M.W. 2004. Botany an Introductory Approach. Pearson Education South Asia Pte. Ltd. 626pp.

Diola, A., Dy., D., Ilano, A., Inoc, D.C., Oquinena, K., Parilla, R., Tambuli, A. and Yee, J. 2010. Natural Science 1 (Biological Sciences) Lecture Notes. University of San carlos, 126 pp.

Starr, C. 2003. Biology: Concepts and Applications, 5th ed. Brooks/Cole, USA. 799 pp.