Plants DomesticationTeacher: Mr. Mark.Students: Emiliano Sánchez Gómez Gretha Marcial Sánchez Laura Natividad Santiago Vignon Valeria Hernández Martínez Fernando Olvera López

What is plant domestication?

Plant domestication is the process in which plants have been evolve into crop plants through artificial selection.

How did it started? People first domesticated plants

about 10,000 years ago, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia.

Domestication in Mesopotamia

The first domesticated plants in Mesopotamia were wheat, barley, lentils and types of peas by Eastern Asia, parts of Asia,from Africa, north and South America.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO)

A GMO is any organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

“BALSAS RIVER”

This river, was one of the earliest corn growing site in México.

It is known as the cradle of corn domestication.

Time ago there were found over 10, 000 cobs of teosinte (a plant similar to corn).

Recently was found that México could be the first site were corn was ever domesticated.

This river flow through a lot of places, which are:

Guerrero, Puebla, Morelos and México.

BALSAS RIVER.

BALSAS RIVER

Balsas river is a very important lace in the story oif domestication of plants, because it is the cradle of one of the most important things that now we use as food as fuel as a material for bags, and a lot of things that now we use.

ASIAN RICE There are two types of rice the

African and the Asian. It was domesticated since 8000 BC Asian rice was originated in India,

Thailand and Southern China It was first domesticated in the

region of the Yangtze River valley in China

ASIAN RICE

African rice African rice was independently

domesticated ~3000 years ago in the Niger River Delta

It's used in a ritualistic context and as a treatment in African traditional medicine.

AFRICAN RICE

Did you know…?

That rice is known as the oldest food still consumed today There are over 40,000 varieties of rice Asia consumes and produces a 90% of the rice September is National the “Rice month”

There are about 25000 diferents species of wheat the archeologies dont realy know when wheat was domesticated but they say it is about 12000 and 23000 years ago and it took about 5000 years to be domesticated.

WHEAT HISTORY

Where was wheat domesticated

Genetist agree that wheat was domesticated in the mountain regions of what is today turkey also wheat makes two of the 8 founder crops.

Civilizations that depend on wheat

The oldest civilization that is know to depend on wheat is the people off Syria but there are remains of wheat in china,Greece,rome and England

Difference between wild wheat and domestic wheat The oldest wheat also know

as wild wheat is the breed of wheat that wasn’t

Domesticated the difference between the two crops is that the wild one has smaller seeds and also grows slower than the domestic one is also know as eacorn

CORN

Corn was domesticated from its wild grass ancestor, 8,700 years ago, in Central Balsas River Valley.

Ranere said that studies, confirmed that corn was derivate from teosinte, there were 5 species of teosinte in México, but the teosinte specie that was closest to corn was Balsas River teosinte.

Since that corn is used, for a lot of things. In the next page we can see how does it

evolve.

CORN DOMESTICATION

CORN DOMESTICATION.

In the last page, we could se how does the corn evolve. The first thing we could saw that the first plant was so different to the

corn that we actually know. And the second thing was the actual corn, it has been a lot of changes,

form the teosinte to the corn we know now, and what cause this changes is what we call plant domestication.

The bean

The common bean is one of the most important domestic legumes in the world.

 The global harvest today has been estimated at 18.7 million tons and it is grown in nearly 150 countries on an estimated 27.7 million hectares.

 Beans were domesticated in two places: the Andes mountains of Peru, and the Lerma-Santiago basin of Mexico. 

The main difference between wild and cultivated beans are, well, domestic beans are less exciting. Of course, there is a significant increase in seed weight.

The study suggests that the wild form spread from Mesoamerica, into Ecuador and Columbia and then into the Andes, where a severe bottleneck reduced the gene diversity, at some time before domestication.

POTATO DOMESTICATION The potato as we know it

today is far different than the plant first seen by humans many years ago.

The first people to encounter the potato were those located along the west coast of South America towards the end of the last Ice Age.

Did you know…?

During the Alaskan Klondike gold rush, potatoes were practically worth their weight in gold. Potatoes were valued for their vitamin C. 

In October 1995, the potato became the first vegetable to be grown in space.

The spread of potatoes from Andean highlands to the coast and the rest of the Americas was a slow process.

CONCLUSION

Plant domestication was clearly one of the most important advancements of the man, once agriculture developed it spread all around the world and it let nomads to be sedentaries.

Thats how nomads stop walking around and stay in one place and plant their own food and let small groups grow bigger to what we are now.