Planning and Organizing Instruction

Classroom Space

Rows = on task behavior and academic learningWhich students in high-traffic areas?

A clear view of the teacher and vice versa

Limit visual and auditory stimulation (??)

Students in the front of the room ?

Keep the classroom orderly and well organizedopen arrangements = + social exchanges among students

Keeping desks close

Desk Arrangement

Assigned Seat ? Establish control / choice?

A Traditional Classroom

Example Arrangements

A Triad Classroom

Example Arrangements

A quintuplet Classroom

Example Arrangements

A cross Classroom

Example Arrangements

A radiant Classroom (a)

Example Arrangements

A radiant Classroom (b)

Example Arrangements

Can easily see and hear

Arrangement of studentsEasy access to students

Teacher easily sees studentsDesks = clusters or rows?

Students in the front?

Arrangement of Materials

Frequent materials accessible

High-traffic no congestion

Academic Areas

Special Areas and CentersTeacher AreasIndividual Student Areas

Audiovisual Area

AdvantagesLarge group Instruction

It is time-efficient

Prepares for college

General and special-education collaboration

Large group InstructionDisadvantages

Hard to deal with diverse abilities and skills

Questions may go unanswered

Distractible students may remain off-task

Students may not receive intensive instruction

Instructional pace slow for high-ability students

Instructional pace fast for low-ability students

Behavioral problems may arise from frustration

Students are required to do more seatwork

Teachers must do more planning

Teachers must provide more instruction

Keep instruction short

Guidelines for large group instruction

Use questions to involve students in the lessons

Use lecture-pause routinesVisual - aids

Maintain a lively paceUse frequent “change-ups.”Determine the rules for behavior during presentations

If students misbehave, praise students who follow the rulesUse flexible groupingUse participation buddies to promote student involvement

Use response cards to promote participation

Use Ask, Pause, and CallUse signals to avoid surprise call-ons

Guidelines for small group instruction

Establish rules for small group instruction

Make the groups as homogeneous as possible

Maintain flexible groupings

Teacher can see everyone

Use motivation activities during small group work.

Tape recorder

Classroom Equipment

Overhead projector Miniature chalkboardFlannel boardGame materialsConstruction materials

Durable coveringsMagnetic board

Tracing screen

Mirror