planning 1 report (land)

8/13/2019 Planning 1 Report (Land)

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LAND

As Heritage For many thousands of years, our predecessors have gathered the bounty of the grasslands,

waterways, and forests without causing significant damage.

Their early encampments left no lasting scars and were soon overgrown. Even the first settlementsand clearings fitted to the slopes and water edges were of little ecologic consequence.

As populations increased, however, the effects of peoples working have become more and more evident.

Effects of peoples working:

1. Blazed trails have become roadways.2. Scattered farms have been consolidated to push back the marsh and woodland, sometimes to

extinction.3. The early villages on the banks of a stream have swallowed the stream and usurped the banks of

the nearby river.4. Village and town limits have been extended relentlessly outward to be interconnected withadditional roads and with railways and, often canals.

Well-suited developments intelligently planned can produce an integration of designed forms andmodified landscape superior to the original.

The best of the indigenous features can be preserved and incorporated. Or they may be conservedfor limited uses and to maintain the native setting.

The natural attractions may thus be enjoyed and appreciated daily to enrich the living experience. Each state, country, or municipality has as one of its chief responsibilities a plan for the

conservation and best use of the lands within its jurisdiction.

The uses imposed are unsuited, where they are awkward in plan or clumsy in execution, the resultis distressing to both the eye and the intellect. The problems of encroaching civilization, the imperiled land, and the increasing need for its care

have together become our heritage.

As Resource Land and the waters that lap its edges flow across its surface seep into its upper soil strata, and

move within its deep aquifers are our ultimate resources. Mismanaged, they may be lost to usforever, and our national wealth and well-being proportionately diminished.

Before dividing our remaining land reserves look at them in their wholeness to see what functionsthey now perform as farmland, forest, and open space. It is a matter of priorities, of seeing that each broad area of land is devoted to its most reasonableuses and that all land areas together are formed into logical systems.


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Soil bank

Perhaps the most crucial function of our un-built-upon land areas is that of topsoil reservoir. Thetopsoil is the basis of all agricultural productivity. It occurs as a thin layer of weathered rockintermixed with organic matter in depths ranging from a few inches to a few feet.

The disastrous consequences of misuse and waste of topsoil are to be observed in most of the aridregions of the world.

Food All forms of life derive from the land and its cover of soil. There, in the chlorophyll of rooted plants,

carbon dioxide and moisture are transformed by the energy of the sun into the basic sugars andstarches of our food chain.

This is a miracle of chemistry occurring only when the conditions are right. When any area of land is disturbed, the delicate balances are shifted and the repercussions of

change may be felt many miles away.

Habitat The land is our terrestrial home not only for the human species but for all living organisms, whichtogether constitute the biomass of the planet Earth.

All organisms and creatures are interacting and interdependent; that all are contributors and havetheir necessary functions in the biologic scheme of things; that the mountains, forests, marshes,and rivers together form a community without definable limits; and that the integrity of the naturalsystems must somehow be preserved.

Over the ensuing years, through the emerging techniques of surveying, land use planning, zoning,redevelopment, reclamation, and resource management, the mutilated landscape may be restoredto fairer form and to a healthful wholeness.

Nature is patient and has immense powers of recuperation and regeneration.

Land Grants

A land grant is a gift of real estate land or its privileges made by a government or other authority as areward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service.

Spanish colonial land system. Large blocks of land were granted to the Spanish elite who wishedto settle in the Philippines, and the Filipinos on these land grants became the serfs or tenantfarmers of the Spanish landlords.

The more important dispositions were those made to the states in support of public schools and theland-grant colleges. Then followed allotments for wagon roads, canals, and the building ofrailroads.

Land is our ultimate resource. We must plan for its conservation, regulation, and development on a morescientific basis. We must learn to use it more wisely.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate


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Land Rights

Land can be readily used or sold as a valued commodity. A factor of use or sale is, of course, the ability todefine and prove rights of ownership by clear title to the property.

There is need for a systematic and orderly means of recording land descriptions and titles.

Filipino citizens like you are entitled to acquire and own lands or real estate in the Philippines,whether private or public.

On public lands ownership, the Constitution allows qualified Filipino citizens to acquire a maximumof 12 hectares of alienable lands of the public domain and 500 hectares through lease. Alienablelands of the public domain refer only to those agricultural lands which remain part of thegovernment owned property and have not been disposed through sale or grant.

Right to acquire and own includes the rights to possess, to use, to enjoy the fruits, to dispose orsell and to recover.

Private lands are those presently owned by individuals, either Filipinos or foreigners, orcorporations or association 60% of the capital of which is owned by citizens of the Philippines.These also include those lands of the public domain which have been acquired from thegovernment by purchase or grant by qualified Filipino individuals as well as those which have beenin the possession of the occupant and his predecessors-in-interest since time immemorial.

Land Surveying

Land surveying is the science of accurately determining the three-dimensional position of points and thedistances and angles between them on the surface of the Earth. These points are used to establish landmaps and boundaries for land owners or governments.

Roads typically follow the surveyed section lines even though this means going up and down hills insteadof around them. Farmers tend to lay out their fields parallel to the boundaries of their land even though thismay mean cultivating up and down the slope rather than along the contours.

Land Use

In the good examples, we may perceive these simple precepts of sound land management:

Learn to read the landscape, to comprehend the grandeur of its geologic framework, to understandthe vital workings and interdependence of the land and water systems, to discern in each form andfeature the unique expression of natures creative process.

Let the lands nature determine its use. And so address each measure of the landscape as toevoke, through our planning, use, and treatment, its highest qualities and potential.


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1. By means of site reconnaissance and soil surveys the most productive land can be designated forlawns, gardens, or crop production or be preserved in its natural state.

2. Areas of thin soil, poor or excessive drainage, or underlying rock are prime candidates forprojected development. Homes, roadways, and cities belong on areas of low productivity.

The natural ground forms are best accepted as givens. To adapt to them is to harmonize with theforces and conditions by which they have evolved.

Each state, country, or municipality has as one of its chief responsibilities a plan for theconservation and best use of the lands within its jurisdiction.

Adapt to the landforms:To diminish landscape disruptionTo reduce the costs of earthworkTo prevent the wasting of topsoil

To preclude the need for erosion control and replantingTo make use of existing drainage waysTo blend into the natural scene

Land Use in the Philippines

Land use: arable land: 19%permanent crops: 16.67%other: 64.33% (2005)

Definition: This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land

use: arable land - land cultivated for crops like wheat, maize, and rice that are replanted after eachharvest; permanent crops - land cultivated for crops like citrus, coffee, and rubber that are not replantedafter each harvest; includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes landunder trees grown for wood or timber;other - any land not arable or under permanent crops; includespermanent meadows and pastures, forests and woodlands, built-on areas, roads, barren land, etc.

Source: CIA World Factbook
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.html


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Land Use Implications

When land passes from one ownership to another, certain legal rights are transferred with the property.Unless otherwise specified in the deed or governing regulations, these include the right to use, cultivate,mine, perform earthwork, remove the soil or vegetation from the land, or build upon it.


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Landowners have the responsibility to use their property so as to protect its natural values and cause noharm to neighbors.

A fundamental principle of landscape design is to plan to the site, letting the natural contours, conditions,and covers dictate the building and landscape forms.

The carrying capacity of land-water area is the population or level of activity that can be sustained for agiven length of time without depletion of the resources or breakdown of the biological (natural) systems.


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EARTH FORMS


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Blending or Simulation of Natural Ground Forms


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Earth Shaping


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Excavation and Grading


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Form Accentuation


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Slope Retention

1. Mulch


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2. Planting


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3. Rubble


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4. Gabions


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5. Mortar bags


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6. Rip rap


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7. Cribbing


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8. Piling


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9. Dry Stone Wall


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10. Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall


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11. Masonry Retaining Wall


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12. Stone Facing Retaining wall

Slope Dynamics


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Construction of a stable fill

planning 1 report (land)

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