Kelompok 9

Markus Tanzil (125070005)

Vera Yulia Rachmawaty(12507014)

Reza Pebrian (12507025)

Muammar(12506022)

Iron and SteelmakingPipe Steel API 5L X-80

Metallurgical EngineeringFakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan

PerminyakanInstitut Teknologi Bandung

Pipesteel

Steel for pipelinesPipelines are very efficient for the mass

transportation of oil and gas and can extend over vast distances.

Requirements on the performances: high-strength and toughness, heavy-wall pipe to prevent buckling during pipeline installation in deep water, resistance to corrosion (which has been met with specific alloy additions and special control over non-metallic inclusions), improved levels of toughness at low operating temperatures (just like in In arctic regions)

Preface

What is API 5L X80

Most linepipe specifications in the world are based on those issued by the American Petroleum Institute (API) which cover high test linepipe (5LX series).

API American Petroleum Institute for kind of pipes5L Low CarbonX Series based on mechanical properties

Example: Series HIGH TENSILE CARBON STEEL PIPE API 5L X-42, API 5L X-46, API 5L X-52, API 5L X 56, API X-60, API 5L X-65, API 5L X-70, API 5L X80

X80 (80 ksi = 551 N/mm2).

API 5L X80 that produced by ArcelorMittal Steel (Annual production

capacity 30,000 tonnes)Price: US$600~1000 / Metric TonSpecifications:

Strength grades upDiameters from 16"-42" (406.4mm-1067mm)Thicknesses up to 50mm

Applications are oil & gas pipelines, conductor and carrier pipe for the energy industries, tubular piling for jetties and berthing dolphins.

Chemical Composition

ElementsPIPE STEEL API 5L-

X80 Fe 97.434% 389736

C 0.070% 280

Si 0.250% 1000

Mn 1.600% 6400

P 0.012% 48

S 0.004% 16

Cu 0.200% 800

Al 0.030% 120

Cr 0.200% 800

Ni 0.200% 800

Line Pipe Physical Properties

INTEGRATED PIPE PRODUCTION

BF

BOF

LF

RH/VD

CCM

Flowsheet process

Process

Animation

Blast Furnace: Overview

Products from the Blast Furnace

The materials discharged from the BF are hot metal at 1,803 K (1,530 °C), about 300 kg molten slag per tonne hot metal, and dust-bearing exhaust gas discharged from the furnace top.

Hot metal is poured into a torpedo car (pictured), where it is subjected to

hot metal pre-treatment, and then transferred to the steelmaking plant.

Molten slag is crushed after cooling and is recycled as a material for roadbed

and cement.

Top gas, after dust removal, is used as a

fuel for hot stove (cowper) to preheat hit

blast or for the reheating furnaces.

Mass Balance Blast Furnace

Input

Mass Balance Blast Furnace

Output

SLAG COMPOSITIION

Mass and Energy Balance

The ratio of daily consumption of a large blast furnace (10,000 tonnes/day hot metal)

16,000 – 20,000 tonnes iron ore4,000 – 6,000 tonnes coke (and pulverized

coal)2,000 – 4,000 tonnes flux11,000 kNm3 compressed airGenerating:4,000 – 5,000 tonnes slag + flue dust15,000 kNm3 top gas

Charging

Tapping (Casting)

BF

BOF

LF

RH/VD

CCM

Flowsheet process

Basic Oxygen Furnace

The oxygen steelmaking process converts the molten iron from the blast furnace - with up to 30% steel scrap - into refined steel.

High purity oxygen is blown through the molten bath to lower carbon, silicon, manganese, and phosphorous content of the iron, while various fluxes are used to reduce the sulfur levels.

The impurities and a small amount of oxidized iron are carried off in the molten slag that floats on the surface of the hot metal.

Chemical Reactions occur in this process: 0.5{O2}=[O]

[Si]+2[O]= (SiO2) [Mn]+[O]=(MnO) 2[P]+5[O]=(P2O5) [C]+[O]=(CO)

Process

Demanganization

Desiliconization

Dephosporization

Decarburization

Material Balance

BF

BOF

LF

RH/VD

CCM

Flowsheet process

Ladle furnace

The main purpose of ladle furnace treatment is to ensure that the molten steel has the required temperature when the ladle is taken over at downstream secondary metallurgy units or at a continuous caste

Reheating De-S

Homogenize

Transfers heat

Desulphurization

Alloying

Mass Balance

homogenize bath composition;

homogenize bath temperature;

facilitate slag-metal interactions essential for processes such as desulfurization;

accelerate the removal of inclusions in the steel

Homogenization

BF

BOF

LF

RH/VD

CCM

Flowsheet process

Process in RH/VD

De-C De-H2

De-N2Alloyin

g

Degassing

Mechanism of RH

•The recirculation (RH) degasser is used for the removal of carbon and other impurity elements.

•The pressure in the vessel is reduced to about 1-3 torr (1 torr = 1 mmHg).

•Argon is injected through tuyeres in one of the snorkels, forcing the steel up into the unit and out again through the other snorkel.

•In some units, oxygen is injected through a lance in order to assist decarburization.

Vacuum degassing for the production of ultralow-carbon (ULC) steels with carbon contents of 70 ppm or less.

Carbon and nitrogen contents of 70 ppm or less, has appeared on the scene. Low C & N2 contents

There are two principal types of degassers: recirculating systems such as RH, RH-OB, RH-

KTB and DH; non-recirculating systems such as ladle or tank

degassers, including VAD (vacuum arc Degassing) and VOD (vacuum oxygen Decarburization), and stream degassers.

Basic Knowledge

Carbon and Oxygen content

[C] + [O] → CO 

(FeO) + [C] Fe + CO (g)

degasser.69 Although the pressure in the vacuum vessel was approximately 0.001 atm,the final carbon and oxygen contents correspond to CO pressures varying from 0.06 to 0.08 atm

Hydrogen Removal

Hydrogen in the solid final product, particularly thicker sectionscan diffuse to imperfections

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3 and 7 ppm and argon flowrates of 0.9 and 1.8 Nm3/min

•The solubility of nitrogen in liquid steel is increased significantly at the low sulfur levels achieved by effective desulfurization. •Nitrogen removal is increased by higher argon flow rates and lower sulfur content of the steel. Thus nitrogen removal from liquid steel during vacuum degassing is possible.

Nitrogen Removal

The tank degasser is used to remove gaseous elements and sulfur from the steel.

The removal of sulfur is achieved through slag-metal reactions, which are promoted by strong argon 'flushing' (bubbling) within the vacuum envelope.

Tank DegasserSulfurization

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Al Wire Feeding

Wirefeeding is also useful for additions that:•are less dense than molten steel and might otherwise float to the surface;•have limited solubility;•have a high vapor pressure;•have a high affinity for oxygen;•are very expensive and/or added in very small quantities;•are toxic;Aluminum is often added by wirefeeding to improve recovery rate, control of Al content and improve steel cleanness.

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We use Al pure

Al - -100

%105.5

20.030

% 105

Al Wire Feeding

MASS BALANCE

BF

BOF

LF

RH/VD

CCM

Flowsheet process

Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills.

"continuous casting" achieve improved yield, quality, productivity and cost efficiency.

It allows lower-cost production of metal sections with better quality, due to the inherently lower costs of continuous, standardized production of a product, as well as providing increased control over the process through automation.

CCM : Overview

Explanation of animation Molten metal (known as hot

metal in industry) is tapped into the ladle from furnaces. After undergoing any ladle treatments, such as alloying and degassing, and arriving at the correct temperature, the ladle is transported to the top of the casting machine.

From the ladle, the hot metal is transferred via a refractory shroud (pipe) to a holding bath called a tundish.

The tundish allows a reservoir of metal to feed the casting machine while ladles are switched, thus acting as a buffer of hot metal, as well as smoothing out flow, regulating metal feed to the molds and cleaning the metal

CCM : Overview

Range of continuously cast sections

Casting machines are designated to be billet, bloom or slab casters. Slab casters tend to cast sections with an aspect ratio that is much wider than it is thick:

CONVENTIONALSlabs lie in the range 100–1600 mm wide by 180–250 mm thick and up to 12 m long with conventional casting speeds of up to 1.4 m/minute

Wider slabs are available up to 3250×150 mm, for example at Nanjing Iron & Steel in China. Thin slabs: 1680×50 mm

For casting in pipe steel API 5L X80, CCM used has specification 0.23 m thick and 1.2 m wide. So, time for casting 350 tonnes steel is 22 minutes. With 4 m2/minute

The time to cast 350 tonnes steel can be calculated by equation below:

τ : Time for castingm: Mass of steelρ : Density of steelw : Wide of product

t : Thickness of productv : Casting rate

n: number of straind

Steel Processing Technology; R.I.L. Guthrie and J.J. Jonas, McGill Metals Processing Center, McGill University

Steels: Metallurgy and Applications. Third Edition. D.T. LleweUyn and R.C. Hudd

The AISE Steel Foundation . Pittsburgh, PA.www.steeluniversity.org

Reference

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