Fundamentals of Pipeline Engineering Construction and Operations

Introduction

This five day workshop will provide the participants with a comprehensive overview of the many

and varied activities that are involved in designing, constructing and operating pipeline

infrastructure to transport hydrocarbons in a cost effective manner.

The material is presented in a logical sequence of blocks covering:-

Facilities planning;

Hydraulic design;

Mechanical/Geotechnical design;

Materials selection and construction;

Pipeline operations and maintenance for both gas and liquids is then addressed through

consideration of contract nominations;

Batching;

Custody transfer (metering);

SCADA:

Pigging;

Inline inspection; and

Maintenance planning.

Practical worked examples (simple case studies) are used throughout and the sessions are

supplemented by video presentations.

Outline

The objective throughout is to provide a sound understanding of the underlying engineering principles in each area and to illustrate how they are linked to produce a total life cycle approach to system design and operation.

Day One

Pipeline Engineering and Construction Facilities Planning Overview Function and types of Pipeline Systems

o Liquid/Gas/Multi-phase

o Supply and Demand considerations o Design life o Capacity planning for Transmission Systems

o System Planning and facilities build up o Project Economics o Use of J Curves.

Route Selection

o Land Survey o Environmental Considerations o Permitting.

Hydraulics Design

o Compressible and Incompressible Flow in Pipes o Phase envelopes o Flow regimes o Friction and fitting losses o General Flow Equation

o Common steady state gas flow equations o Pipeline packing

o Heat transfer to surroundings

o Pressure Drop calculations o Types and selection of compressors o Gas cooling o Centrifugal compressor performance curves o Hydraulic gradient

o Types and selection of pumps and drivers o Fan laws o NPSH o Cavitation o Entry and exit losses o Internal coating

o Drag reduction additives o Cost comparisons

Day Two Mechanical / Geotechnical Design

o Codes and Standards o Pressure

o Thermal and combined loads o Pipe design methods

(1) Working stress design (2) Limit States Design (for Offshore Lines).

o Buoyancy calculations o Surface loads o Road and rail crossings

o Slope stability o Surface drainage and ground movement monitoring o Above and below ground design considerations o Pig launchers and receivers.

Day Three

Material Selection o Composites o Low carbon steels o Higher Strength steels o Pipe manufacturing techniques

o Seamless o ERW o Spiral and UOE o Common material testing techniques o Construction and operational considerations: weldability o Fracture control for gas lines

o Weld strength over/under matching o External coatings selection

o Cathodic Protection and design of ground beds for corrosion control

Construction o The construction sequence for large pipe o Clearing grading

o Trenching o Stringing o Welding etc; o Smaller pipe ploughing o Right of way and Emergency Planning Zone determination o Salvage. o Conventional, semi and fully automatic welding techniques

o Ultrasonic and radiographic inspection o Record keeping o As built drawings and Alignment sheets

o Hydrostatic testing o Purging and commissioning of equipment o Ground bed Installation

o River Crossings including directional drilling

Day Four

Pipeline Operations o Nominations process for gas and liquid systems o Scheduling and batching multi product systems o SCADA systems their function and purpose o Metering methods and Custody transfer

Pipeline Maintenance o Prevention and Mitigation Measures o Public awareness o Signage o Pipeline patrols

o Aerial surveillance o External (multi party) damage

o Coating damage and repairs o Cathodic Protection close interval surveys o Planned Maintenance Strategies o Reliability Centred Maintenance o Risk Based Inspection o Spare parts management.

Day Five

Pigging Operations

o Overview of Pigging

o Types of Pigs – cleaning, batching etc

o Pig traps and Launchers Pig tracking

Pipeline Integrity o Integrity management Programs o Assessing threats to pipeline Integrity o Inspection Methods: Characteristics and Limitations

o API Standard 1163 In Line Inspection Systems o Key terms and definitions o Preparing the Pipeline for ILI Planning and scheduling an In Line Inspection o In Line Inspection System Selection-- Types of tools and their mode of operation o When and where to use MFL o Ultrasonic In Line Inspection tools for metal loss and cracking o Brief Introduction to defect assessment and repair techniques.