pipe flow for environmental engineers

8/6/2019 Pipe Flow for Environmental Engineers

1/22

Ynyo jc`| agh ynyo gox|`tmr

Ht' Amoyaxn R' Tohh~

Xfayat _gnzotrnx~

Yaxnaca &Y_GEAD. 18< 998

NGHNA


2/22

Cxy fful

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4

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44

1

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11

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fC ;fC ;

fy ;fy ;

fx ;fx ;

foah ruyycnoh d~ a yukyfoah ruyycnoh d~ a yuky

foah lnzog x` a xutdngofoah lnzog x` a xutdngo

foah c`rr dox|oog robxn gr 1 agh 4foah c`rr dox|oog robxn gr 1 agh 4

Dotg`uccn Oquaxn`g agh OLC * FLC

b`grxy

l

Zu !

4

4 Ytorruto foah

Zoc`bnx~ foah

Ocozaxn`g foah lflfy

ZM

MZ

!

!!

_gcorr ogotl~ nr ahhoh# OLC kurx rc`yo h`|g|ath ng xfo hntobxn`g `j jc`|

\fog |axot nr ax torx OLC agh FLC b`ngbnho agh cno ax xfo jtoo |axot rutjabo

FLC jaccngl doc`| xfo haxuk cngo nghnbaxor golaxnzo ytorruto ax xfax y`ngx

ulZyOLC !4

4

Mu

yFLC !


3/22

; 9 ; 9

yukyyuky

Ogotl~ Ltaho CngoOgotl~ Ltaho Cngo

F~htaucnb L CF~htaucnb L Czoc`bnx~ foahzoc`bnx~ foah

ytorrutofoah

ytorrutofoah

ocozaxn`gocozaxn`g

haxuk

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rxaxnb foahrxaxnb foah


4/22

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5/22

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HAX_K YCAGO

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6/22

Ogotl~ &foah. C`rr

X|` x~yor5

kae`t c`rr &jtnbxn`gac foah c`rr.

kng`t c`rror &foah c`rr huo x` `uxcox# ngcox#doghr# ocd`|r# zaczor# ynyo rno bfaglor.

X`xac ogotl~ c`rr ; kae`t c`rr ycur ruk `j acckng`t c`rror

Kae`t &jtnbxn`gac. foah c`rr Falog+Y`nrouncco j`tkuca j`t cakngat jc`|

tolnko

Hatb~+\onrdabf j`tkuca j t xtagrnxn`gac aghxutducogx jc`| tolnkor

Hatb~+\onrdabf j`tkuca bag do |tnxxog j`tcakngat jc`| xft`ulf oquaxngl xfo x|` foahc`rr j`tkucao agh jnghngl j

To nr To~g`ch gukdot agh hojngoh ar

4

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Hatb~+\onrdabf j`tkucaHatb~+\onrdabf j`tkuca

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Falog+Y`nrouncco j`tkucaFalog+Y`nrouncco j`tkuca

Hatb~+\onrdabf j`tkuca

j`t cakngat jc`| tolnko

Hatb~+\onrdabf j`tkuca

j`t cakngat jc`| tolnko

lH

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ZHZT

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7/22

K``h~ hnaltak agh jtnbxn`g jabx`t j

K``h~ hnaltak bag do uroh j`t

mg`|ngl xfo jtnbxn`g jabx`t j

_ro `j K``h~ hnaltak toquntor ynyo

tùlfgorr jabx`t &.# ynyo

hnakoxot agh To~g`ch gukdot &To.

_rngl xfo butzo ryobnjnb x` xfo /Hjtnbxn`g jabx`t j b`ttory`ghngl x`

xfo To nr toah jt`k xfo K``h~

hnaltak

K``h~ hnaltak bag do uroh |fog

To nr 72v192

agh /H nr 34v19+4

Jtnbxn`g jabx`t j j`t cakngat jc`|

tolnko `gc~ To nr toquntoh agh j

nr toah jt`k xfo K``h~ hnaltak

b`ttory`ghngl x` xfo To~g`ch

gukdot To

ynyo kaxotnacynyo kaxotnacynyo tùlfgorr

&kk.

ynyo tùlfgorr

&kk.

lcarr# hta|g dtarr# b`yyotlcarr# hta|g dtarr# b`yyot 9'991?9'991?

b`kkotbnac rxooc `t |tùlfx nt`gb`kkotbnac rxooc `t |tùlfx nt`g 9'98?9'98?

aryfacxoh barx nt`garyfacxoh barx nt`g 9'149'14

laczagnoh nt`glaczagnoh nt`g 9'1?9'1?

barx nt`gbarx nt`g 9'4:9'4:

b`gbtoxob`gbtoxo 9'16+9':9'16+9':

tnzox rxooctnzox rxooc 9'>+>'99'>+>'9

b`ttulaxoh koxacb`ttulaxoh koxac 8?8?

YZBYZB 9'149'14


8/22

K``h~ Hnaltak


9/22

To~g`chr gukdot

A hnkogrn`gcorr gukdot toytorogxnglxfo taxn` `j ngotxna j`tbor x` znrb`urj`tbor

To~g`chr gukdot j`t bntbucat ynyorjc`|ngl jucc

To~g`chr gukdot j`t ynyor |nxf g`g+bntbucat bt`rr robxn`gr

FotoZ nr koag zoc`bnx~

H nr hnakoxot `j xfo ynyo

T nr f~htaucnb tahnur

nr mngokaxnb znrb`rnx~ &k4/rob'.

nr cnqunh hogrnx~

nr adr`cuxo/h~gaknb znrb`rnx~ &Ya Rob'.

TQ

Z HZHZT

o

TQ

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o

.8&.8&!!

yotnkoxot\oxxoh

atoaxn`gacBt`rr

T

rob

!


10/22


11/22

Foah c`rr5 Fauog+\nccnakr j`tkuca

ugnxrRN:


12/22

Kng`t C`rror

l

ZMfk

4

4 fk foah c`rr ng jnxxngl

M tornrxagbo bòjjnbnogx j`t jnxxngl

Foah c`rr huo x` ùxcox# ngcox# doghr# ocd`|r# zaczor# ynyo rno bfaglor

Ogotl~ C`rr ng Zaczor

Jugbxn`g `j zaczo x~yo agh zaczo y`rnxn`g B`kycov jc`| yaxf xftùlf zaczor torucx ng fnlf foah c`rr &`go `j xfo

yuty`ror `j a zaczo nr x` btoaxo foah c`rr |fog nx nr g`x jucc~ `yog!.

Zaczo M Coq/H

Laxo zaczo# |nho `yog 9'1? 99

Lc`do zaczo# |nho yog


13/22

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OO

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4

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4J 1 4

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aglco &_.

99'19'49'29'89'?9':9'9# jcagloh 9'2

Tolucat >9# xftoahoh 1'?

C`gl tahnur >9# jcagloh 9'4

C`gl tahnur >9# xftoahoh 9'

Dtagbf jc`|# jcagloh 1'9

Dtagbf jc`|# xftoahoh 4'9

B`ky`gogx MC_gn`g# xftoahoh 9'6

Zaczor

Lc`do# jucc~ yog 19

Aglco# jucc~ yog 4

Laxo# jucc~ yog 9'1?

Laxo# bc`roh 9'4:

Laxo# bc`roh 4'1

Laxo# bc`roh 19t ocd`| 9'>

8?t ocd`| 9'8

X+eugbxn`g 1'6

Laxo zaczo 9'4? + 4?


20/22

Kucxnyco ynyo r~rxokr

241

241

JJJ

QQQQ

!!

!

Jtnbxn`gac foah c`rr ng Yataccoc ynyor

241DA

241

JJJJ

QQQ

!

!!

Jtnbxn`gac foah c`rr ngynyor ng rotnor


21/22

Oqunzacogx ynyor agh yataccoc ynyor

B`kyùgh ynyor5

ynyor `j rozotac rnor ng rotnor

Dtagbfngl ynyor5

x|` `t k`to ynyor dtagbfngl ùx agh g`x b`kngl x`loxfot alang

h`|grxtoak

Oqunzacogx ynyo5

J`t a lnzog foah c`rr# xfo rako jc`| nr yt`huboh ng xfo oqunzacogx

ynyo

@jxog a b`kycov ynyngl r~rxok nr toycaboh d~ a rnglco oqunzacogxynyo

C``yngl ynyor &acr` mg`|g ar yataccoc ynyor.5

x|` `t k`to ynyor dtagbfngl ùx agh b`kngl x`loxfot alang

h`|grxtoak


22/22

Y`|ot j`t yukyngl

X`xac foah `j xfo yuky agh hnrbfatlo ato goohohj`t y`|ot toquntokogx bacbucaxn`g

X`xac foah ngbcuhor rxaxnb foah agh h~gaknb foah

b`ky`gogxr &`g d`xf rubxn`g agh hnrbfatlornhor.

H~gaknb foah c`rr `g onxfot rubxn`g rnho `t `ghnrbfatlo rnho ngbcuhor d`xf kae`t c`rror agh

kng`t c`rror

Ovytorrn`g `j kng`t c`rror ng xotkr `j oqunzacogxynyo coglxf kamor xfo foah c`rr bacbucaxn`gr oar~

pipe flow for environmental engineers

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