pick out 3 details of this picture which make it a suitable example of stalin’s art in the 1930s....
DESCRIPTION
Lenin listening to Stalin. Books – a suitably intellectual setting. Stalin prominent in the painting. Stalin’s clothes lighter than his surroundings. Stalin in control of the plan, not Lenin. Clear all labels. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pick out 3 details of this picture which make it a suitable example of Stalin’s art in the 1930s.
Click on the parts of the picture. Move on
Clear all labels
Stalin prominent in the painting
Books – a suitably intellectual setting
Lenin listening to Stalin
Stalin’s clothes lighter than his surroundings
Stalin in control of the plan, not Lenin
Objectives
Culture in the 1930s
Culture in the 1930s
Art
CinemaReligion
Music
Literature
Starter
TasksMr B. Armstrong, Ripley St. Thomas
Objectives
• Have clear understanding of each area of culture in 1920s USSR.
• Be able to explain how cultural control changed in 1930s USSR.
• Be able to explain why the Communist Party made the cultural policies of the 1930s.
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Art: 1920s• Art was not controlled; rather
it was “grass roots”.• Lots of artist experimented
with new ideas.• Constructivism and futurism
were two of the new “avant-garde” styles.
• It all tended to be very stylised and mechanical with lots of bold shapes and patterns.
• Lots of art was intended to be practical, rather than decorative.
1920s 1930sHOME
The Cyclist
Art: 1930s• In the 1930s, Socialist Realism
took over.• All art had to depict what was
being shown in a realistic manner.
• Only positive, happy pictures of the USSR were allowed.
• Country scenes and revolutionary events were favoured over industrial paintings.
• All paintings were censored and commissioned by the government, with the organisation known as....
1920s 1930sHOME
Women of the Kolkhoz
Cinema: 1920s
1920s 1930sHOME
• In 1918, the Commissariat of Popular Enlightenment was formed under Lunacharsky.
• Proletkino was a part of this for making films.
• In 1925, the Politburo decided to not interfere in film making. This left film makers like Eisenstein a lot of freedom.
• 300 million cinema tickets were sold in 1926 alone, though most cinemas were in towns and the most popular films were Hollywood comedies.
• In 1928, the All-Union Party Congress on Film Questions was formed and it was decided that films needed regulating and making available to the masses.
Poster for Eisentstein’s 1926 hit Battleship Potemkin, a retelling of the 1905 revolution
Cinema: 1930s• In the 1930s, cinema was tightly regulated.• Only films or documentaries about strong heroes
outperforming their targets or identifying enemies of the state, or films of historical events which promoted communism were allowed.
• Films were pre-and post- production censored by the State Committee for Cinematography.
• Stalin quite often dealt with script writers personally.
• Film writers were set targets, just like industry.• But the lack of freedom for directors meant that
film numbers actually dropped; in the 1920s, about 100 films were made per year compared to about 60 a year in the 30s.
• Stalin himself had a personal cinema; he favoured musicals, comedy and Charlie Chaplin imported movies.
1920s 1930sHOME
Poster for film Outcast
Religion: 1920s• Jan 1918 Decree of
Separation made Church and State separate.
• Union of the Militant Godless formed. They smashed churches and held events to disprove God’s existence.
• Religious ceremonies were made Communist. Children were “Octobered”, rather than baptised, and weddings were carried out in front of a picture of Lenin, not an altar.
1920s 1930sHOME
1929 magazine cover showing workers dumping Jesus in a bin
Religion: 1930s• Religious attacks were
stepped up from the 1920s and were more violent.
• By the end of the 30s, only 12/168 bishops were still on the run, and more rabbis, mullahs and priests were killed per year than during the Civil War.
1920s 1930sHOME
Baku cathedral, demolished in 1930s
Literature: 1920s• Literature was largely uncontrolled.• It tended to be about groups of people,
rather than individuals.• Popular books featured groups of
Communist citizens overcoming anti-revolutionary opponents.
• In 1928, the government formed the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers was formed to direct the writing more.
• They used brigades of writers, like the First Urals Brigade, to write en masse about industrial achievements.
• Some older writers, like Pasternak, stopped writing.
1920s 1930sHOME
Literature: 1930s• RAPP was abandoned in 1932.
Literature was all censored by the Union of Soviet Writers headed by celebrity writer Maxim Gorky.
• Titles were to once again feature a strong hero to emphasise individual effort; some 1920s novels were rewritten.
• Brigades of writers were sent to collective farms and industrial areas to gain inspiration.
• Books had to be short, simple and emphasise productivity; titles were to the point, like Cement, The Great Conveyor Belt, and How the Steel was Tempered.
1920s 1930sHOME
Music: 1920s
• In the 1920s, music became a lot more free and experimental.
• Bands and orchestras did not have conductors any more.
• More new styles of music spread through USSR, including American Jazz which became popular.
1920s 1930sHOME
Paranakh’s Jazz Band
Please wait a moment
Music: 1930s
1920s 1930sHOME
Troika from Lt. KijeSabre Dance
• In the 1930s music became more organised. It was censored and commissioned by the Commissariat for Popular Enlightenment.
• Music had to be classical in nature or folk music.
• All music had to be in a major key and promote positive views of the USSR.
• Music was also used to promote national unity between national groups.
Stop music
BIG IDEASALL WRITE ROUND ROBIN
• Take it in turns to give a reason that could answer the question.
• Everyone writes down all of the answers.
• Only 1 person should speak at once.
TASK
1) Why was controlling culture so important?2) How much do you think was Stalin’s personality, rather
than purely Party policy, shaping the decisions?3) What complications would you imagine happened in
enforcing strict cultural policies?4) Was 1930s cultural control in USSR a good idea or not?
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ESSAY TITLEBy next lesson, have a plan for
the essay butDO NOT WRITE THE ESSAY
ITSELF BEFORE NEXT LESSON
TASK 2
To what extent did Stalin consolidate his control of USSR through strict control of the arts and media? (30)
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