pianc life cycle management of port structures
TRANSCRIPT
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Life Cycle Management of Port Structures
Recommended Practices for Implementation
PIANC USA Annual
Meeting 2009
July 15, 2009
Pittsburgh, PA
Ron Heffron, P.E., Moffatt & Nichol
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2
Agenda
What is LCM?
Why Undertake LCM?
Life Cycle Stages
Performance
Parameters
Whole Life Costing
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What is LCM?
A practical management approach with the goal ofachieving an optimum cost solution for the development,
operation, maintenance, and reuse/disposal of both new
and existing port structures over their lifetime. The
approach takes into account economic and functionalconsiderations, as well as environmental and safety
requirements.
PIANC Working
Group 42
What Is It?
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Background
Life Cycle Management of
Port Structures General
Principles (1998) WG 31
Life Cycle Management of
Port Structures Guidelines
for Implementation (2008)
PIANC Working
Group 42 (now 103)
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Reasons for Undertaking LCM
Balancing:
Future repair costs against initial cost of preventive measures
Cost of improved functionality against higher operational costs
Benefit of improved availability against cost of downtime
Cost of protecting environment against potential mitigation
Cost of improved aesthetics against cost of foregone goodwil l
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Reasons for Undertaking LCM
Balancing:
Benefit of additional structural resistance against potentialdowntime (lifeline)
Benefit of providing access to structural components against
added construction cost
Benefit of providing ease of maintenance against added
construction cost
Benefit of future upgradabil ity against higher capital costs
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Reasons for Undertaking LCM
Balancing:
Benefit of residual functionality against higher capital costs
Benefit of ease of future replacement against higher capital cost
Societal benefit of using renewable resources against higher
capital costs
Benefit of ease of future removabil ity against higher capital
costs
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LCM Life Cycle Stages
Planning and Design
Construction
Operation andMaintenance
Reuse or Removal
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Can Re-Evaluate Facility At Any Time
Limited Example
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Fourteen LCM Performance Parameters
Technical QualityFunctionality
The degree to which the structure achieves
the wishes and demands of other
stakeholders
The degree to which a structure can fulfill
its intended primary mission or function
defined by the user
More of interest to other stakeholders: e.g.
designer, contractor, government,
municipality, local residents
Usually fully defined by the most important
stakeholders, viz.: the owner and the user
4. Safety
5. Security
6. Social compatibility
7. Environmental
8. Aesthetic9. Durability
10. Sustainability
11. Constructability
12. Inspectability
13. Maintainabi lity14. Re-use
1. Prime requirements
2. Serviceability
3. Availability
Performance Criteria
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Functional Performance Parameters
Prime Requirements
Length, Water Depth, Navigation Channel Width, Turning Basin,
Mooring & Berthing System, etc.
Serviceability
Features that enhance operational efficiency and allow for future
upgrades more readily
Availability
Features that increase operational availabil ity - e.g., higher
extreme event design criteria
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Technical Quality Performance Parameters
Safety
Wharf edge protection, ladders, fire protection, vehicle impact
protection, vessel access/gangways, etc.
Security
Features that enhance security such as lighting, surveillance,
fencing, controlled access, etc.
Social Compatibili ty
Design to maximize use of local labor, equipment, and
resources in both construction and operations
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Technical Quality Performance Parameters
Environmental
Design, construction, operations and disposal/removal to
minimize air, water and noise pollut ion/disruption
Aesthetics
Features or physical location/orientation to minimize visual
impact
Durability
Design to specific service life goals and to minimize
maintenance during operational period
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Technical Quality Performance Parameters
Sustainability
Design to maximize use of recycled materials and incorporate
LEED principles
Constructability
Design considerations to ease complexity, incorporate local
capabil ities, and consider access issues
Inspectability
Design to facilitate ease of inspection, avoiding buried or
difficult to access elements
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Technical Quality Performance Parameters
Maintainability
Design to maximize access to uti lit ies and equipment essential
to operations
Re-Use / Upgradabili ty
Design to consider future upgrades such as dredging to deeperdepth
Re-Use / Removabili ty
Design to facili tate ease of removal at end of useful service life
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Cost / Benefit Analysis
Direct and Indirect Costs
Direct: Design Costs + Construction Costs + Inspection &
Maint. Costs + Renewal and/or Demolit ion Costs
Indirect Costs typically related to downtime or operational
disruption
Direct and Indirect Benefits
Direct: Operating Income Stream
Indirect: Employment and Affect on the Local, Regional &
National Economies
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Three-Step Implementation Process
Evaluate Alternatives
Apply Whole Li fe
Costing
4. Safety
5. Security
6. Social compatibility
7. Environmental
8. Aesthetic
9. Durability
10.Sustainability
11.Constructability
12.Inspectability13.Maintainability
14.Re-use
1. Prime requirements
2. Serviceability
3. Availability
Finalize Design Criteria
Select 1 or 2 best alternatives for further elaboration
1.Calculate extra costsand/or benefits of zero-alternative
2.Calculate costs and/or
extra benefits ofproposed alternative(s)
Compute Net PresentValue (NPV) ofalternatives
Identify Alternatives
Establish Draft Design Criteria
Draw up Zero-Alternative
Performance criteria
Functionality
Technical Quality
Evaluate Alternatives
Apply Whole Li fe
Costing
4. Safety
5. Security
6. Social compatibility
7. Environmental
8. Aesthetic
9. Durability
10.Sustainability
11.Constructability
12.Inspectability13.Maintainability
14.Re-use
1. Prime requirements
2. Serviceability
3. Availability
Finalize Design Criteria
Select 1 or 2 best alternatives for further elaboration
1.Calculate extra costsand/or benefits of zero-alternative
2.Calculate costs and/or
extra benefits ofproposed alternative(s)
Compute Net PresentValue (NPV) ofalternatives
Identify Alternatives
Establish Draft Design Criteria
Draw up Zero-Alternative
Performance criteria
Functionality
Technical Quality
Step 1 Identify
Alternatives
Step 2 Evaluate
Alternatives
Step 3 Apply Whole
Life Costing
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Example: Serviceability
Providing a service lane on a
container wharf to minimize
traffic interference and maximize
loading/unloading performance
rates
Providing additional pavement
or subgrade thickness on a
container terminal yard to
minimize service disruptions
Providing a fender system on a
wharf that can accommodate
both ships and barges to
maximize utility of the facility
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Example: Availability
Design as a homeport facility
to allow vessels to ride out
storms at berth
Design as a lifeline facility tosurvive higher seismic criteria
so it remains operational after
event
Provide a breakwater to increaseamount of t ime facili ty can safely
berth vessels
Provide additional length of
berth to avoid vessels having towait for available berth
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Example: Durability
Providing extra concrete coverover reinforcing steel to delay
the onset of corrosion
Providing alternatives to black
steel reinforcing bars, such asstainless steel, epoxy-coated
steel, or composite materials to
minimize or negate the effects of
corrosion
Providing coatings on steel or
concrete components to
minimize corrosion
Numerical modeling of servicelife using new tools such as
STADIUM software
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Example: Inspectability
Avoiding buried elements, such
as deadmen in tie-back walls,
because they are difficult to
inspect after an event
Allowing a gap at the top of the
back row of piles on a pile-
supported wharf such that
inspectors can gain visual
access to the most vulnerablearea of these piles
Designing the structure such
that physical access from a boat
or snooper is not impeded bybracing
96'-0" CRANE RAIL GAGE
21'-0" 14'-6" 14'-6" 11'-6" 11'-11'-6"
ORIGINAL 16 I
VERTICAL PILI
G FH E D C
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Example: Upgradeability
Designing a berth for a deeper
depth than is immediatelynecessary to allow for future
dredging without strengthening
of the structure
Designing a wharf for greatervertical load capacity than what
is currently required to allow for
future mission enhancement
B A
96'-0" CRANE RAIL GAGE
21'-0" 14'-6" 14'-6" 11'-6" 11'-6" 11'-6"11'-6"
PROPOSED
SHEETPILE WALL
EXISTING DEPTH
EL. -40.0
PROPOSED DEPTH
EL. -52.0
ORIGINAL 16 IN. PILES CUT-OFF
DURING REHABILITAION
ORIGINAL 16 IN,
VERTICAL PILING
G FH E D C
NEW 24 IN OCTAGONAL
PILING DRIVEN DURING
REHAB
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LCM-Putting it All Together
Define All the Alternatives
Establish the Desired Service Life of the Structure
Estimate Init ial Construction Costs
Estimate Future Operation and Maintenance Costs
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LCM-Putting it All Together
Establish Loss of Revenue Parameters
Estimate Cost of Demolition
Define Discount Rate and Consider Tax
Implications
Use Whole Life Costing to Determine Least Cost
Alternative
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Conclusions
LCM, while mandated in some European countries, is now
gaining more widespread acceptance in the U.S.
Most obvious benefit is in durability sophist icated durability
models such as SUMMA are now under development
LCM principles are equally applicable to 13 other performance
parameters
PIANC Working Group Report completed in 2005
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Life Cycle Management of Port Structures
Recommended Practices for Implementation
Questions?
Ron Heffron, P.E., Moffatt & Nichol