* increases average daily weight

by reducing evaporative cooling

*

*

*

*

*

Attain best practice animal husbandry

Ensure good shed design

Restore key electrolytes lost in Heat Stress

Add ANIGANE

Add SELECTOLYTE to the drinking water at 1-2 grams per litre

* Improve stockmanship

* Adequate ventilation, good water supply, and avoidovercrowding

* Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate

to the drinking water to improve appetite and feed conversion. Cattle stay alert even when appetite and feed consumption normally drops.

contains the electrolytes Sodium, Potassium and Bicarbonate.SELECTOLYTE

HOW TO REDUCE PRODUCTION WASTAGEMANIPULATION OF DEB INLACTATING COWS, THE LOSS OF DEB AND ACID/BASE BALANCE WITH HEAT STRESS

THE INFLUENCE OF DEB INTHE MANAGEMENT OF PERI-PARTURIENT COWS DURINGTHE TRANSITIONALPERIOD

EXCESSOFBASE

ALKALI14pH

PRODUCTIONFALLS RAPIDLYWHEN pH ISOUTSIDE THEDESIRED RANGE

BIOCHEMICAL and PHYSIOLOGICALRESPONSES

The Invisible Signs - detectable by biochemistry.* Heat stress reduces the rate of blood flow from

the mammary gland (12-16%) Therefore there isa reduction in the supply of nutrients and energyupon which the synthesis of milk is dependent.*

* 70% of body heat is produced in skeletal muscles* pH of blood plasma rises* pH within cells falls* Urine output increases and so losses of electrolytes* Bicarbonate (HCO3

-) is lost* Stress hormones appear in the blood* Resources being diverted into unproductive efforts

to restore the balance* Gene function is disturbed* Heat shock proteins are activiated to shut down

metabolic sections and to protect heat-sensitivetissues.

* Responses to intercurrent diseases or pathogensdecline rapidly

* All production is stopped - growth, etc.* HOMEOSTASIS IS LOST

RUR L CHEMIC L INDUSTRIES ( UST.) PTY.LTD.A A ARUR L CHEMIC L INDUSTRIES ( UST.) PTY.LTD.A A A C

SWITCH TO THE RCIPROGRAMME

* Reduces mortalitiesImproves resistance to disease

* Improves appetite* Improves feed conversion ratio* Restores and maintains DEB*

(Dietary Electrolyte Balance)

DEB* refers to the balance of the electrolytes,Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine and Sulphur in the diet.It is expressed and measured as mEq/Kg of feed and water intake.

ENZYMEACTIVITYSLOWS

RESOURCESARE STRAINEDTO RESTORETHE DESIRABLERANGE

DESIRABLERANGE

ACID 1

7

DEB is expressed and measured as mEq/Kg of feed and water intake.

ACID/BASE BALANCEpH OF PLASMA AND BODY FLUIDS

ZONE OF COMFORTBos taurus 4oC - 24oCBos indicus 10oC - 27oC

NORMAL RECTAL TEMPERATUREDairy Cattle 38oC - 39.3oCBeef Cattle 36.7oC - 39.1oC

RH >50% EXACERBATESHEATSTRESS

MANIPULATION OF DEB IN DAIRYCALVES

* increases feed intake

gains

INCREASINGENVIRONMENTALTEMPERATURE

ANDRELATIVE HUMIDITY

Rise in Deep BodyTemperaturee.g. to 40oC

HEAT REGULATINGMECHANISMS

BECOMEINADEQUATE

Detected by

HYPERVENTILATION

007100

HEAT STRESS

CCA FLOW CHART EXPLAINING THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTSON DIETARY ELECTROLYTE BALANCE (D.E.B.)

HOSTILE

ACID-BASEBALANCE IS LOST

LOSS OF HOMEOSTASIS

Increases dietaryenergy requirements

(by 40% at 41oC) (VantHoffs Law)

Increased end productsof metabolism

Metabolic acidosis

REDUCED FEEDINTAKE

Towards respiratory alkalosiswhere blood pH and HCO3

-

and CO2 increase-

In order to maximise evaporativecooling (via respiratory passages)

Loss of H2O from skinis 2.5 times greater at30oC than at 20oC

Unshaded animals lose 5 timesmore K+ than shaded

In hot conditions the demandfor Cl is halved-

Heat stress is acidogenic andis related (linearly) to DEB

UNLESS DEB ISINCREASED

BLOOD WILL NOT BEBUFFERED

LOSSOF

ELECTROLYTE+

ACID/BASEBALANCE

LOST PRODUCTION IS SEVEREIF THIS CONTINUES

HYPOTHALAMUS PHYSIOLOGICALRESPONSES

TO MINIMISE ANINCREASE IN DEEP

BODY TEMPERATURE,STOPS EATING

DURING THE DAY

RESPIRATORY RATEINCREASES

(from 20-120/minute)

Panting and drooling

Conduction

ConvectionRadiation

Are lessimportantroutes ofheat loss

SWEATING

Less anti-diuretichormone secreted

H O consumption risese.g. to 130 litres/day2

INCREASED URINEOUTPUT WITH

INCREASED LOSSOF K+ Na+ HCO3

-

IN DAIRY CATTLE

ABN 16003842402Unit 4, 26 Kent Road, Mascot NSW 2020 Australia

Mailing Address: PO Box 6316, The Sth. Sydney Business Hub, 154 Bourke Road, Alexandria, NSW 2015 Australia

Phone: +61 2 9667 0700 Fax: +61 2 9669 0430Email: info@rci.com.au