physiology by tammy walter & kristen payton. aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship...

Physiology

By Tammy Walter &

Kristen Payton

• Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece.

• Galen was the to use experiment to probe the function of the body. Also the founder of experimental physiology.

• Ibn -al- Naifs, was the first physician to correctly describe the anatomy of the heart, the coronary circulation, the structure of the lungs, and the pulmonary circulation. Also first to describe the relationship between the lungs and the aeration of the blood, the cause of pulsation and early concept of capillary circulation.

• In the 19 century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate, most notably in 1838 with the cell theory, which radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells.

Neurons

• Neurons process and transmit information by electrochemical signaling

Types of Neurons:– Sensory neurons- respond to touch, sound, light, and

numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then sends signals of the spinal cord and brain

– Motor neurons- received signals from the brain and spinal cord and cause muscle contraction and affect glands.

– Inter-neurons- connects neurons to other neurons within the brain and spinal cord.

Human physiology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology

Parts of Neurons • Soma- is the central part of the neuron. It contains the

nucleus of the cell where protein synthesis occurs. • Dendrites- of the neurons are cellular extensions with

many branches and metaphorically this overall shape and structure is referred to as a dendrites tree. This is where input to the neurons occurs.

• Axon- carries nerve signals away from the soma. Also carry some types of information back to it.

• The Axon terminal contains synapses structures where neurotransmitter chemicals are released in order to communicate with target neurons.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology

The nervous system

• The nervous system is divided into two Categories:

» The Peripheral Nervous System- is composed of sensory neurons and the neurons that connect them to the nerve cord, spinal cord, and brain.

» Central nervous System- part of nervous system that function to coordinate the actually of all part of the bodies of multicellular organisms.


Endocrine System• Is a system of small organs that involve

the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. Also is a instrumental in metabolism, growth, development and puberty, and tissue function


Brain Facts

• The weight of an average human brain is about 1300-1400g. Brain uses approximately 20% of the total oxygen pumping around your body. Brain stop growing at the age of 18. The brain is 75% of water.

http://www.thethinkingbusiness.co.uk/brain_facts.html

The Lobes :The Frontal Lobes is located at the front of the brain. This associated with reasoning, motorskills Higher lever cognitive and expressive language . At back of this lobe is the motor cortex. This area receives information from other lobes and utilizes this information to carry out body movement.The Panetal Lobe is located in middle of the brain. This associated with processing tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain. Another portion of the brain is the somatosensory cortex is essential to the processing of the body senses.The Temporal Lobes is located bottom of the brain. Also the primary auditory cortex is located hers is important for the sound and language we hear. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Human_physiology

The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd Febweb-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k

Three Parts of the Brain• The first segment in the lower section, occasionally called

the brain stem, consisting of structures such as the medulla (controlling breathing, heart rate and digestion) and the cerebellum (coordinating senses and muscle movement).

• The second segment appears as a insignificant inflammation in lower vertebrates and enlarges in the higher primates and ourselves into the midbrain.

• The structures contained here link the lower brain stem to the thalamus (for information relay) and to the hypothalamus (which is instrumental in regulating drives and actions). The latter is part of the limbic system.

The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd Febweb-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k –

Cont.. Part of the Brain• The limbic system, essentially alike in all mammals, lies

above the brain stem and under the cortex and consists of a number of interconnected structures.

• Neurons affecting heart rate and respiration appear determined in the hypothalamus and direct most of the physiological changes that accompany strong emotion. Destructive behavior is linked to the action of the amygdala, which lies next to the hippocampus.

• The latter plays a crucial role in processing various forms of information as part of our long term memory. Damage to the hippocampus will produce global retrograde amnesia, or the incapability to lay down new stores of information.

The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd Febweb-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k –

Animal Brain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Animal Brains

• Animal brains tend to be adept at merely driving self-preservation and the continuation of their species.

• All animals, horses and rabid dogs included, act predictably and according to a simple, clearly defined cerebral algorithm

http://www.yankeepotroast.org/archives/2005/10/human_brain_and.html

physiology by tammy walter & kristen payton. aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship...

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