physics 30 june 2000 grade 12 diploma examinations 2000 physics 30 grade 12 diploma examination...

Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30

30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30 Physics 30




















Grade 12 Diploma Examination

Physics 30

June 2000

Copyright 2000, the Crown in Right of Alberta, as represented by the Minister of Learning, AlbertaLearning, Student Evaluation Branch, 11160 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5K 0L2. All rightsreserved. Additional copies may be purchased from the Learning Resources Distributing Centre.

Special permission is granted to Alberta educators only to reproduce, for educational purposes and on anon-profit basis, parts of this examination that do not contain excerpted material only after theadministration of this examination.

Excerpted material in this examination shall not be reproduced without the written permission of theoriginal publisher (see credits page, where applicable).

June 2000

Physics 30Grade 12 Diploma Examination

Description

Time: This examination was developedto be completed in 2.5 h; however, youmay take an additional 0.5 h to completethe examination.

This is a closed-book examinationconsisting of

• 37 multiple-choice and 12 numerical-response questions, of equal value,worth 70% of the examination

• 2 written-response questions, of equalvalue, worth a total of 30% of theexamination

This examination contains sets ofrelated questions. A set of questionsmay contain multiple-choiceand/or numerical-response questions.

A tear-out Physics Data Sheet is includednear the back of this booklet. A PeriodicTable of the Elements is also provided.

Note: The perforated pages at the backof this booklet may be torn out andused for your rough work. No markswill be given for work done on thetear-out pages.

Instructions

• You are expected to provide yourown scientific calculator.

• Use only an HB pencil for themachine-scored answer sheet.

• Fill in the information required onthe answer sheet and the examinationbooklet as directed by the presidingexaminer.

• Read each question carefully.

• Consider all numbers used in theexamination to be the result of ameasurement or observation.

• When performing calculations,use the values of constantsprovided on the tear-out sheet.Do not use the values programmedin your calculator.

• If you wish to change an answer,erase all traces of your first answer.

• Do not fold the answer sheet.

• The presiding examiner will collectyour answer sheet and examinationbooklet and send them to AlbertaLearning.

• Now turn this page and read thedetailed instructions for answeringmachine-scored and written-responsequestions.

ii

Multiple Choice

• Decide which of the choices bestcompletes the statement or answersthe question.

• Locate that question number on theseparate answer sheet provided andfill in the circle that corresponds toyour choice.

Example

This examination is for the subject of

A. scienceB. physicsC. biologyD. chemistry

Answer Sheet

A B C D

Numerical Response

• Record your answer on the answersheet provided by writing it in theboxes and then filling in thecorresponding circles.

• If an answer is a value between 0 and 1(e.g., 0.25), then be sure to record the 0before the decimal place.

• Enter the first digit of your answerin the left-hand box and leave anyunused boxes blank.

Examples

Calculation Question and SolutionIf a 121 N force is applied to a 77.7 kgmass at rest on a frictionless surface,the acceleration of the mass will be_________ m/s2.(Record your three-digit answer in thenumerical-response section on the answersheet.)

mFa =

2m/s 5571kg 77.7N 121 .a ==

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

. .1 . 5 6

Record 1.56 on theanswer sheet

Calculation Question and SolutionA microwave of wavelength 16 cm has afrequency, expressed in scientific notation,of b × 10w Hz. The value of b is _______ .(Record your two-digit answer in thenumerical-response section on the answersheet.)

λcf =

Hz 10875.1m 0.16

m/s 1000.3 98

×=×=f

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

. .1 . 9

Record 1.9 on theanswer sheet

iii

Correct-Order Question and Solution

When the following subjects are arranged inalphabetical order, the order is ____, ____,____, and ____ .

1 physics2 biology3 science4 chemistry

(Record all four digits of your answer in thenumerical-response section on the answersheet.)

Answer: 2413

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

. .2 4 1 3

Record 2413 on theanswer sheet

Scientific Notation Question andSolution

The charge on an electron is –a.b × 10–cd C.The values of a, b, c, and d are ____, ____,____, and ____ .

(Record all four digits of your answer in thenumerical-response section on the answersheet.)

Answer: q = –1.6 × 10–19 C

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

. .1 6 1 9

Record 1619 on theanswer sheet

Written Response

• Write your answers in the examinationbooklet as neatly as possible.

• For full marks, your answers mustaddress all aspects of the question.

• Descriptions and/or explanations ofconcepts must be correct and includepertinent ideas, diagrams, calculations,and formulas.

• Your answers must be presented in awell-organized manner using completesentences, correct units, and significantdigits where appropriate.

• Relevant scientific, technological, and/orsocietal concepts and examples must beidentified and made explicit.

1

1. The following statements all relate to a collision between any two objects on ahorizontal frictionless surface. Which of these statements is always true?

A. The kinetic energy of each object before and after the collision is the same.

B. The momentum of each object before and after the collision is the same.

C. The total momentum of the two objects before and after the collision isthe same.

D. With respect to the surface, the gravitational potential energy of eachobject before and after the collision increases.

2. A 500 g rock is thrown straight down from a bridge to the water 5.20 m below.If the rock strikes the water at a speed of 12.5 m/s, what was the initial speed ofthe rock?

A. 2.40 m/s

B. 7.36 m/s

C. 12.1 m/s

D. 16.1 m/s

3. The concept of mechanical energy deals with the idea that

A. mechanical energy is the amount of energy saved by a mechanical device

B. mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy

C. potential energy and kinetic energy are always equal

D. mechanical energy is a vector quantity

2

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

Foundation piles for tall buildings are hammered into the ground using a “pile-driver.” A pile-driver similar to the one shown below lifts a 900 kg hammera distance of 3.50 m above the top of a pile, and then allows it to drop.

Hammer guide

3.50 m

Hammer

Pile

4. The magnitude of the impulse delivered by the hammer to the pile is

A. 61.8 kN.sB. 30.9 kN.sC. 7.46 kN.sD. 3.73 kN.s

Use your recorded answer for Multiple Choice 4 to answer Numerical Response 1.*

Numerical Response

1. The impulse is delivered by this pile-driver in 2.10 × 10–3 s. The magnitude ofthe force that the hammer exerts on the pile, expressed in scientific notation,is b × 10w N. The value of b is __________.

(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)*You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

3


A particular supertanker is fully loaded with oil and has a mass of1.00 × 109 kg. The supertanker has a cruising speed of 20.0 km/h. One wayto stop the ship is to reverse its engines. At maximum reverse thrust, the shiptakes 32.0 min to stop.

Numerical Response

2. The momentum of the supertanker at cruising speed, expressed in scientific notation,is b × 10w kg.m/s. The value of b is __________.

(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

Numerical Response

3. The kinetic energy of the supertanker at cruising speed, expressed in scientific notation,is b × 10w J. The value of b is __________.


5. An empty freight car of mass m coasts along a track at 2.00 m/s until it couplesto a stationary freight car of mass 2m. The final speed of the two freight carsimmediately after collision is

A. 1.50 m/s

B. 1.33 m/s

C. 1.15 m/s

D. 0.667 m/s

4

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

On July 16, 1994, one of the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 enteredJupiter’s atmosphere travelling at 60.0 km/s.

As a comet fragment approaches a planet and before it enters the atmosphere,it gains kinetic energy according to the formula

−=∆

ifpk

11rr

mMGE

where G = gravitational constantMp = mass of the planetm = mass of the fragmentr = distance from the centre of the planet to the fragment

As the fragment approached Jupiter’s surface, the atmosphere became toodense for the fragment to push through. The fragment’s tremendous kineticenergy was dissipated in an enormous explosion.

The mass of Jupiter is 318 times the mass of Earth. The mass of the cometfragment was 6 000 kg.

6. The kinetic energy of the comet fragment as it entered into Jupiter’satmosphere was

A. 1.08 × 107 J

B. 1.80 × 108 J

C. 1.80 × 1011 J

D. 1.08 × 1013 J

Numerical Response

4. The increase in kinetic energy of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet fragment as itmoved from 8.50 × 109 m to 1.00 × 108 m from the centre of Jupiter, expressedin scientific notation, was b × 10w J. The value of b is __________.


5

7. When the comet fragment’s kinetic energy was dissipated in the explosion, most ofthis energy was converted to

A. potential and kinetic energy

B. chemical energy only

C. light and heat

D. light only

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Sheet of Curling Ice

Red curling rock

0.36 m/s

Blue curling rock

0.14

m/s

67°

23°

A red curling rock travelling straight down a sheet of ice at 0.36 m/s contactsa stationary blue curling rock. After contact, the blue rock moves at 0.14 m/sat an angle of 67° and the red rock moves at an angle of 23°, as illustrated.The mass of a curling rock is 18.8 kg.

8. The speed of the red rock, after contact, is

A. 0.15 m/s

B. 0.22 m/s

C. 0.33 m/s

D. 0.39 m/s

6

9. A rock climber falls and is saved from injuries by a climbing rope that is slightlyelastic. The importance of the elasticity of the climbing rope can be understood interms of impulse because elasticity results in

A. decreased force during an increased time interval

B. increased force during an increased time interval

C. decreased force during a decreased time interval

D. increased force during a decreased time interval

10. Two boys, Ted and Larry, initially at rest, push each other apart on a frictionlesssurface. Ted has a mass of 40 kg and Larry has a mass of 60 kg. After theboys push each other apart, Ted has a speed of 6 m/s. As the boys move apart,Larry has

A. more momentum than Ted

B. less momentum than Ted

C. more kinetic energy than Ted

D. less kinetic energy than Ted

7


Speakers

R = 8.00 ΩRight channelspeaker

R = 8.00 ΩLeft channel

speaker

Amplifier(AC source)

At a particular volume setting, a stereo amplifier applies a maximum voltageof 30.0 V across each of two 8.00 Ω speakers.

11. The effective current in each speaker at this setting is

A. 1.88 A

B. 2.65 A

C. 3.75 A

D. 5.30 A

Use your recorded answer for Multiple Choice 11 to answer Numerical Response 5.*

Numerical Response

5. The average power dissipated in each speaker at this setting, expressed in scientificnotation, is b × 10w W. The value of b is __________.

(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)*You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

8


Air Cleaner

+ –

X Y

Dirtyair

Cleanair

Pre-filter Carbonfilter

Electrostaticprecipitator

Fan

Transformerand AC to DC

converter

One type of air cleaner uses a single-stage electrostatic precipitator to removevery fine particles, such as cigarette smoke and pollen, from the air in a room.The first grid, marked as X in the diagram, removes electrons from theparticles through a combination of friction and electrostatic action. Theparticles pass through grid X and leave with a positive charge. The positivelycharged particles are then removed from the air stream by a negatively chargedgrid, marked as Y in the diagram. This cleaner also contains a pre-filter and acarbon filter to help remove dust and odours.

12. When particles are between grids X and Y, they are repelled by

A. grid X and each other, but are attracted to grid Y

B. grid Y and each other, but are attracted to grid X

C. grid X but are attracted to each other and grid Y

D. grid Y but are attracted to each other and grid X

9

13. An electric field of magnitude 7.17 × 104 N/C is maintained between the grids ofthe electrostatic precipitator. The distance between grids X and Y is 5.60 cm. Thepotential difference across grids X and Y is

A. 1.28 × 106 V

B. 4.02 × 105 V

C. 1.28 × 104 V

D. 4.02 × 103 V


Charged Spheres

–3.0 Q +3.0 Q –3.0 Q

4.0 m2.0 m

Z X Y

The force exerted on sphere X by sphere Y has a magnitude of 6.0 N.A third sphere, Z, with a charge –3.0 Q is introduced, as shown in thediagram.

14. The magnitude of the net force on sphere X, due to spheres Y and Z, is

A. 9.0 N

B. 12 N

C. 18 N

D. 24 N

10


Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging is used in medicine to produce images of abody’s internal structures and tissues. This imaging technique relies on theinteraction of nuclei with an external magnetic field.

When a hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field, it will absorbelectromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the radio frequency range. The frequencyabsorbed varies as a function of the magnetic field strength.

Frequency as a Function of Magnetic Field Strength

0

20

30

10

40

50

60

70

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60

Magnetic field strength (T)

Fre

quen

cy (

MH

z)

The slope of the line in the graph above is called the gyromagnetic ratio.

15. The units of the gyromagnetic ratio will be

A. TMHz

B. Ts

C.sT

1⋅

D. T.MHz

11

Numerical Response

6. When a hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field with a strength of 0.80 T,the EMR wavelength absorbed is __________ m.

(Record your two-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

16. A proton and an alpha particle have identical circular orbits in a magnetic field.The proton has a speed of 4.4 × 105 m/s. The speed of the alpha particle is

A. 1.1 × 105 m/s

B. 2.2 × 105 m/s

C. 4.4 × 105 m/s

D. 8.8 × 105 m/s

17. Extra-high-voltage lines carrying 600 kV are used to transmit electrical energy. Atransformer must be used to reduce the voltage to 120 kV for use in a factory. Ifthere are 500 turns on the primary coil, the number of turns on the secondary coiland the type of transformer used are, respectively,

A. 100 turns, step up

B. 2 500 turns, step up

C. 100 turns, step down

D. 2 500 turns, step down

12

Numerical Response

7. A small object carrying a charge of 3.47 µC experiences an electric force of7.22 × 10–2 N when placed at a distance, d, from a second, identically chargedobject. The value of d is __________ m.


Numerical Response

8. The number of excess electrons on a ball that has a charge of –3.60 × 10–17 C,expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc × 10d. The values of a, b, c, and dare _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

18. An electron accelerates from rest across the gap between charged parallel platesand reaches a final speed of v. If the potential difference across the plates istripled, the final speed of an electron accelerating from rest across the gap will be

A. v31

B. v3

1

C. v3

D. v9

19. X-rays are produced by

A. an alternating current of about 1018 Hz

B. firing gamma rays at a tungsten electrode

C. varying the speed of electrons in a magnetic field

D. collisions between high-speed electrons and a metal target

13


In 1996, the space shuttle Columbia attempted to drag a conducting tetherthrough Earth’s magnetic field. The tether was 2.07 × 104 m long. Theaverage magnitude of Earth’s magnetic field perpendicular to the tether was9.02 × 10–6 T. The speed of the shuttle and tether was 8.00 × 103 m/s, relativeto Earth’s magnetic field.

Numerical Response

9. The electric potential difference generated across the ends of the tether,expressed in scientific notation, was a.bc × 10d V. The values of a, b, c, and dare _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .



Series Circuit

V

A

R

120 V

20. In the circuit above, the voltmeter reads 90 V and the ammeter reads 1.5 A. Thevalue of the resistor, R, will be

A. 11 ΩB. 20 ΩC. 30 ΩD. 80 Ω

14


The following data were recorded from the back of a small microwave oventhat has only one power setting.

Input 120 V (60 Hz AC)Power Consumption 900 WFrequency of Microwaves 2 450 MHzOutput Power 450 W

21. During its operation, the microwave oven draws a current of

A. 0.133 A

B. 0.267 A

C. 3.75 A

D. 7.50 A

Numerical Response

10. The wavelength of the microwave radiation produced by the oven, expressed inscientific notation, is a.bc × 10–d m. The values of a, b, c, and d are _____ ,_____ , _____ , and _____ .


15

22. The path followed by a moving proton in an external magnetic field is shown in

N

N SN S

N S

A. B.

D.C.

vertically down vertically up

horizontally lefthorizontally right

S

23. A result that emerged from Einstein’s work is the expression E = pc, where p isthe magnitude of the momentum of a photon. The magnitude of the momentum ofa 1.30 × 102 eV photon is

A. 6.93 × 10–26 kg.m/s

B. 2.08 × 10–17 kg.m/s

C. 8.20 × 10–14 kg.m/s

D. 4.33 × 10–7 kg.m/s

16

24. The magnitude of the magnetic force exerted on a charged particle in a magneticfield will be doubled by doubling any one of

A. the charge of the particle, or the speed of the particle, or the mass of theparticle

B. the magnitude of the field or the angle of entry of the particle

C. the speed of the particle, or the mass of the particle, or the magnitude of thefield

D. the charge of the particle, or the speed of the particle, or the magnitude ofthe field

25. One smA

mCN

⋅⋅⋅⋅

is the same as

A. 1 A

B. 1 N

C. 1 C

D. 1 J

26. The particle nature of X-ray radiation is best demonstrated by the observationthat X-rays

A. exhibit the Compton effect

B. have great penetrating ability

C. are diffracted by pure crystals

D. are not deflected by magnetic fields

17


A cyclotron uses a magnetic field to move charged particles in a circular path.It also uses a high frequency power supply to repeatedly accelerate theparticles.

Ionsource

Protonbeam

High-frequencypower supply

N

S

Ernest Lawrence was the first person to use a cyclotron. His cyclotronaccelerated protons to a maximum energy of 8.0 × 104 eV. With this energy,the protons moved in a circular path with a radius of 6.5 × 10–2 m.

27. The maximum speed of the protons in Lawrence’s cyclotron was

A. 1.5 × 1013 m/s

B. 1.7 × 108 m/s

C. 3.9 × 106 m/s

D. 9.8 × 1015 m/s

Use your recorded answer for Multiple Choice 27 to answer Multiple Choice 28.*

28. The magnitude of the magnetic field used by Lawrence was

A. 6.3 × 10–1 T

B. 2.7 × 101 T

C. 2.4 × 106 T

D. 1.6 × 109 T

*You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

18


Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation

1 Movement of outer electrons to lower orbitals2 Deceleration of high-speed electrons3 Decay of radioactive nuclei4 Rotation of an armature in a generator

Numerical Response

11. Match each of the sources of electromagnetic radiation with the type ofelectromagnetic radiation it produces given below. Use each number only once.

Process: __________ __________ __________ __________Type: Gamma Visible X-rays Extremely low

rays light frequency wave(AC)


29. An ice rink is lit by a bluish light with a wavelength of 500 nm. The period of thelight is

A. 1.67 × 10–15 s

B. 8.33 × 10–13 s

C. 6.00 × 105 s

D. 6.00 × 1014 s

19

Numerical Response

12. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is a satellite that is able to detectelectromagnetic radiation from throughout the universe. The ComptonObservatory can detect photons ranging from 4.00 × 104 eV to 3.00 × 1010 eV.The highest frequency that can be detected, expressed in scientific notation,is b × 10w Hz. The value of b is __________.


30. Two scientists who conducted experiments that led to the determination of themass of an electron were

A. Planck and Einstein

B. Rutherford and Bohr

C. Thomson and Millikan

D. Compton and de Broglie

31. In the photoelectric equation, the symbol W represents the

A. energy gain of the target metal

B. wavelength of the incident radiation

C. maximum wavelength of an emitted electron

D. minimum energy required to release an electron from a metal

32. Violet light striking the negative electrode in a phototube causes a current to flowin the tube. Under the same conditions, another form of light that will alwayscause a current to flow is

A. blue

B. green

C. infrared

D. ultraviolet

20

33. A photon of UV-B light with a wavelength of 2.90 × 10–7 m strikes an electron ina hydrogen atom in its ground state. As a result, the electron will

A. be raised to energy level 2

B. be raised to energy level 3

C. be raised to energy level 5

D. not be raised to a higher energy level


Maximum Kinetic Energy of Photoelectrons as a Functionof Incident Electromagnetic Frequency

0

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Frequency (1015 Hz)

Max

imum

kin

etic

ene

rgy

(10–1

9 J)

34. The work function of the material emitting the photoelectrons is

A. 2.0 × 1015 J

B. 1.3 × 10–18 J

C. 6.6 × 10–34 J

D. 0.0 J

21

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

Some smoke detectors use the radioactive source americium-243 to ionize theair between two electric plates in a detection chamber. A 9.0 V battery in thedetector causes a continuous current to flow between the plates. When smokeparticles enter the chamber, they neutralize the ionized air molecules, whichdecreases the current and triggers an alarm.

35. Typically, the 9.0 V battery used in this type of detector will transfer 200 C ofcharge in 1.0 years. The resistance of the circuit in the detector is

A. 1.4 × 106 Ω

B. 5.9 × 104 Ω

C. 3.9 × 103 Ω

D. 7.0 × 10–7 Ω

36. If the air is ionized by alpha particles produced by the americium-243, whatimmediate byproduct would one expect to find?

A. Curium-243

B. Plutonium-243

C. Berkelium-247

D. Neptunium-239

37. Americium-243 has a half-life of approximately 7 000 years. If a detectorcontaining 20 mg of this isotope were discarded and then rediscovered 70 yearslater, approximately how much americium-243 would remain?

A. 20 mg

B. 0.20 mg

C. 2.0 × 10–7 mg

D. No measurable amount would remain.

The written-response questions follow on the next page.

22


A positively charged sphere is suspended by an insulating thread between twoneutral parallel plates, I and II. The plates are connected by wire to a copperrod.

Rod

N

S

I II

Right

+

A student moves the copper rod to the right in an external magnetic field. Themotion of the rod through the magnetic field causes electrons to move in therod and induces a potential difference across the plates. The charged spheremoves toward one of the plates but does not come in contact with it.

Written Response — 15%

1. Explain the motion of the charged sphere. In your answer,

• describe and explain the movement of the electrons in terms of the direction of themotion of the copper rod through the magnetic field

• describe and explain the motion of the charged sphere in terms of the charges on itand on plates I and II

• describe a change to the apparatus or procedure that would cause the chargedsphere to have a larger deflection toward the metal plate

NOTE: Marks will be awarded for the physics principles used in your response andfor the effective communication of your response.

23

Written-response question 2 begins on the next page.

24


The supernova known as SN1987A reached it maximum brightness, orluminosity (energy release per second), in mid-May 1987. After that, itsluminosity decreased.

Decline in Luminosity in Supernova SN1987A

Time Luminosity(Days) (1035 W)

0 1.00050 0.638

100 0.407150 0.260200 0.166250 0.106300 0.067350 0.043

The most likely reason that the luminosity decreased is that luminosity dependson the radioactive decay of isotopes created in the explosion. One source of theluminosity could be the gamma rays that result from any one of the decay chainslisted in the following table.

Radioactive Decay Chains(Showing Half-Life and Gamma Ray Energy)

FeCoNi 56

MeV238.1

day3.7756

MeV158.0

day1.656 → →

FeCo 57

MeV122.0

day27257 →

NeNa 22

MeV275.1

year605.222 →

CaScTi 44 MeV2712.0

day44.244 MeV0783.0

year6744 → →

NiCoFe 60 MeV173.1

year27.560 MeV0586.0

year6105.160 → → ×

MgAl 26 MeV809.1

year5101.726 → ×

NOTE: The time provided above the arrow in each decay is the half-life. Theenergy provided below the arrow in each decay is the gamma rayenergy.

25

Written Response — 15%

2. • Plot a graph of luminosity versus time.

• Determine the half-life of the luminosity, and identify the single decay believed tobe responsible for most of the energy released by the supernova.

• The amount of radioactive nickel-56 predicted to have been created in thesupernova is about 1.49 × 1029 kg. How many days would it take for the mass ofnickel-56 to be reduced to 1.86 × 1028 kg?

• The decay chain NiCoFe 606060 →→ shows two radioactive decays. Writethe nuclear decay equation for iron-60. Provide the name of the particle emitted.

• Identify the decay chain in the table that releases gamma rays with the shortestwavelength. Explain why you identified this decay chain, and calculate theshortest gamma wavelength.

Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that youare using to solve this question. You may communicate this understandingmathematically, graphically, and/or with written statements.

(Title)

26

You have now completed the examination.If you have time, you may wish to check your answers.

PH

YS

ICS

DA

TA

SH

EE

TC

ON

ST

AN

TS

Gra

vity

, Ele

ctric

ity, a

nd M

agne

tism

Acc

eler

atio

n D

ue t

o G

ravi

ty or

Gra

vita

tiona

l Fie

ld N

ea

r E

art

h..

....

....

..ag

or

g =

9.8

1 m

/s2 or

9.8

1 N

/kg

Gra

vita

tiona

l Co

nsta

nt..

....

....

....

....

....

..G =

6.6

7 ×

10–1

1 N. m

2 /kg2

Ma

ss o

f Ea

rth

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

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= 5

.98

× 1

024 k

g

Rad

ius

of E

art

h..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

.Re

= 6

.37

× 1

06 m

Co

ulo

mb

’s L

aw C

ons

tant

....

....

....

....

....k

= 8

.99

× 1

09 N. m

2 /C2

Ele

ctro

n V

olt

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

1 e

V =

1.6

0

× 1

0–19 J

Ele

me

nta

ry C

harg

e..

....

....

....

....

....

....

....e

= 1

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× 1

0–19 C

Ind

ex

of R

efra

ctio

n o

f Air

....

....

....

....

...n

= 1

.00

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EQ

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Tear-outPage

Per

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(263

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39 88.9

1

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89-1

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97 Au

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93

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63 151.

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VIII

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14 IVA

13 IIIA

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No marks will be given for work done on this page.

200190

180170

160150

140130

120110

10090

8070

6050

4030

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No marks will be given for work done on this page.

Physics 30 June 2000 Diploma ExaminationMultiple Choice and Numerical Response Keys

1. C 20. B2. B 21. D3. B 22. A4. C 23. A5. D 24. D6. D 25. B7. C 26. A8. C 27. C9. A 28. A

10. D 29. A11. B 30. C12. A 31. D13. D 32. D14. C 33. D15. C 34. B16. B 35. A17. C 36. D18. C 37. A19. D

1. 3.55

2. 5.56

3. 1.54

4. 7.52

5. 5.62 or 5.63

6. 8.6

7. 1.22

8. 2252

9. 1493

10. 1221

11 3124

12 7.24 or 7.25

NR1 is linked to MC4: MC4 A —2.94, B—1.47, C—3.55, D—1.78NR5 is linked to MC11: A—2.83 or 5.64, B—5.62 or 7.95, C—1.13, D—2.25 or 1.59MC28 is linked to MC27: 27A—C, B—B, C—A, D—D

Physics 30 June 2000 Diploma ExaminationMultiple Choice and Numerical Response Keys

Question Key Skill STS GLE1 C 22 B 23 B 24 C * 2NR1 3.55 * 2NR2 5.56 * 2NR3 1.54 * 25 D * 26 D * 2NR4 7.52 * * 27 C * 28 C * * 29 A * 210 D 211 B * 3NR5 5.62 or 5.63 * 312 A * 213 D *14 C * 215 C * * 3NR6 8.6 * 416 B * 217 C * 3NR7 1.22 * 2NR8 2252 218 C * 219 D 3NR9 1493 * 320 B * 321 D * 3NR10 1221 * 422 A * 123 A 224 D 125 B * 326 A 427 C * 228 A * 2NR11 3124 * 429 A 4NR12 7.24 or 7.25 * 430 C 2

31 D 432 D 433 D 434 B * 435 A * 336 D * 437 A * 4

WR1 Skill 5% GLE1 5% GLE2 10%WR2 Skill 7% STS 15% GLE4 15%

Sample Solution for Written Response Question Two

1.00

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Time (d)

Luminosity(1035 W)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Luminosity Versus Time (Title)

• DecayBased on the lines drawn above at 0.5 and down to 75 days, the half-life of the luminosityis 75 days. The closest half-life in the table is the decay of cobalt-56 into iron-56 with ahalf-life of 77.3 days.

• No = 1.49 × 1029 kg

N = 1.86 × 1028 kgt1/2 = 6.1 days

1.49 × 1029 ÷ 2 ÷ 2 ÷ 2 = 1.86 × 1028 kg

Therefor 3 half-lives have expired.

Total time = 3 × 6.1 d = 18 days

• 6026Fe → 60

27Co + 01− e

A beta particle is emitted.

• Photons with the shortest wavelength have the highest energy.

So, the decay chain, MgAl 26y5101.726 → × gives the shortest wavelengths.

E = 1.809 MeV = 2.894 × 10–13 J

λ = hcE =

( . )( . )

.

663 10 300 10

2894 10

34 8

13× ×

×

− •−

J s m/s

J

λ = 6.87 × 10–13 m

physics 30 june 2000 grade 12 diploma examinations 2000 physics 30 grade 12 diploma examination...

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