physical science 9 s/chapter... · 0803 chapter 4.3 33 physical science 9 ionic compound names turn...

0803 Chapter 4.3 1

Physical

Science 9 Compounds Names and

Formulas

This is where it’s

at John!

0803 Chapter 4.3 2

Physical

Science 9 Compounds Names and

Formulas

Just like elements, compounds have names that distinguish them

from other compounds. Being able to figure out the formula from a

name, and the name from a formula is a SKILL that is VITAL in

chemistry.

Stay in school

bayyyy-beee!

0803 Chapter 4.3 3

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names

Naming ionic compounds are pretty easy! Remember, a ionic

compound consists of a cation (positive charge) and a anion

(negative charge).

The cation is always listed first. It

is usually just the name of the

element!

Did you ever hear of Einstein Albert?

No? The order of a name is important,

whether it be a person or a compound.

0803 Chapter 4.3 4

Physical


The anion name is placed after the cation. In most cases, you will

replace the ‘ine’ ending that most anions with ‘ide’. Here are some

examples…

Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

0803 Chapter 4.3 5

Physical


Let’s try a few examples…

Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

What compound would you get if you reacted sodium with bromine?

Sodium bromide

0803 Chapter 4.3 6

Physical



Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

What compound would you get if you reacted calcium with chlorine?

Calcium chloride

0803 Chapter 4.3 7

Physical



Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

How about Potassium with oxygen?

Potassium oxide

0803 Chapter 4.3 8

Physical



Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

Cesium and sulfur?

Cesium sulfide

0803 Chapter 4.3 9

Physical



Fluorine Fluoride

Chlorine Chloride

Bromine Bromide

Iodine Iodide

Oxygen Oxide

Sulfur Sulfide

Nitrogen Nitride

Last, how about Magnesium and Nitrogen?

Magnesium nitride

Remember, use this naming method

when combining a cation and a

anion.

0803 Chapter 4.3 10

Physical


Many times, the cation is a transition metal (remember those pesky

little things in the middle of the periodic table)?

0803 Chapter 4.3 11

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Because the transition metals can have different

positive charges, you must include the charge in

the compound name using roman numerals.

Your not rid

of me yet!

In order for you to do this, you

must know the charge on the

anion!

0803 Chapter 4.3 12

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Let’s say you have a compound that contains Iron

and chlorine. The chemical formula might be

FeCl2

What is the anion charge of Cl in this compound. If you look at the

Periodic Table, Cl has a valence of -1.

0803 Chapter 4.3 13

Physical



FeCl2

What is the anion charge of Cl in this compound. If you look at the

Periodic Table, Cl has a valence of -1.

There are two chlorine atoms in each unit of the compound.

That means the total anion charge is 2+. To make this compound

electrically neutral, what must the charge on Iron be?

0803 Chapter 4.3 14

Physical



FeCl2

Fe must be 2+ to counter-balance

the 2- from chlorine.

That’s the hard part. Now it’s time to name it.

We must state the charge on Iron in the name

using roman numerals.

0803 Chapter 4.3 15

Physical



FeCl2

Iron (II) Chloride

Place the roman numerals in parenthesis. It is

important to remember that anytime you have a

transition metal in an ionic compound, you

must state the charge.

0803 Chapter 4.3 16

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Let’s try another one…

NiO

The charge of oxygen is ALWAYS

2-. Since the ratio is one to one,

nickel must have a charge of 2+

So…the name would be Nickel (II) oxide.

0803 Chapter 4.3 17

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names How about

CrF3

First figure out the charge on

Chromium….

Chromium (III) Fluoride

0803 Chapter 4.3 18

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Next…

CuBr2

The answer is…

Copper (II) Bromide

0803 Chapter 4.3 19

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Last easy one…

CdO

The answer is…

Cadmium (II) oxide

0803 Chapter 4.3 20

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names This one is a little bit trickier…

Fe2O3

What is the charge on EACH iron

atom?

Fe is 3+ so the name is

Iron(III) oxide

First figure out the total anion charge. There are 3 oxygen

atoms in this compound, each with a charge of 2-. That means

the total charge is 6-. Since there are 2 iron atoms, what is the

charge of each?

0803 Chapter 4.3 21

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names You can use the “cross charge technique” on this

and many other compounds.

Fe2O3

Take the number of atoms of the anion and use it

as the charge on the cation.

0803 Chapter 4.3 22

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names You can use the “cross charge technique” on this

and many other compounds.

Fe2O3

Take the number of atoms of the anion and use it

as the charge on the cation.

3+

0803 Chapter 4.3 23

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Let’s try another of these “cross charge”

compounds…

Ni2S3

Ni is 3+ so the name is

Nickel(III) sulfide

Use the “cross charge technique” to figure out the charge of

the nickel…

0803 Chapter 4.3 24

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Last one of these…

Mn2O7

Manganese (VII) oxide

The answer is…

0803 Chapter 4.3 25

Physical

Science 9 Ionic Compound Names Naturally, you will at times have to go the other

way. If you start with a compound name, you will

have figure out the chemical formula. You just have

to think in reverse. Let’s try one…

What is the chemical formula for

the above compound?

Barium Fluoride

0803 Chapter 4.3 26

Physical


First, figure out the charge on each ion.

Barium is a 2+….Fluorine is a 1-.

You would need two fluorines to

equalize the 2+ from barium.

Barium Fluoride

The chemical formula would be BaF2

0803 Chapter 4.3 27

Physical


What would the chemical formula be for…

Look up the charges of each ion…

Ca is 2+, O is 2-

Calcium Oxide

You might be tempted to put Ca2O2

0803 Chapter 4.3 28

Physical


But if you can reduce the numbers,

do so…

Calcium Oxide

You might be tempted to put Ca2O2

CaO

0803 Chapter 4.3 29

Physical



We already know iron is a +2

(roman numerals), and since

oxygen is -2, you need one of each.

Iron (II) oxide

FeO

0803 Chapter 4.3 30

Physical



The answer is….

Iron (III) oxide

Fe2O3

0803 Chapter 4.3 31

Physical


Remember that “charge crossing” thing? It works

in reverse too!

Iron (III) oxide

Fe2O3

0803 Chapter 4.3 32

Physical



The answer is….

Copper (IV) sulfide

CuS2

0803 Chapter 4.3 33

Physical


Turn to page 122 in your book to see a table of

polyatomic ions. See if you can figure out the

chemical formula for the following ionic

compounds…

The answer is….

Sodium Carbonate

Na2CO3

Note that when you see an’ate’ or an ‘ite’ ending, it’s usually a

polyatomic ion and not a single element (remember, single anions

usually end in ‘ide’.

0803 Chapter 4.3 34

Physical


Here’s another compound with a polyatomic ion in

it. Remember to keep the polyatomic ions together

as a group! If you need more than one, put them in

parenthesis!

The answer is….

Potassium nitrate

KNO3

0803 Chapter 4.3 35

Physical


Here’s another one…

The answer is….

Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

Don’t let that ‘ide’ ending fool you. It’s a polyatomic ion…

0803 Chapter 4.3 36

Physical


Here’s another one…

The answer is….

Calcium phosphate

Ca3(PO4)2

Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide!!!

• Join the Movement to BAN this

DANGEROUS and deadly chemical!!!

0803 Chapter 4.3 37

0803 Chapter 4.3 38

0803 Chapter 4.3 39

Physical

Science 9 Covalent Compound Names

OK. Now on to last naming category…covalent

compounds.

Remember, covalent bonds are

formed from two or more non-

metals (anions). When naming

these compounds, you must use

prefixes.

0803 Chapter 4.3 40

Physical


Page 126 has a table of the prefixes you will use…

Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

0803 Chapter 4.3 41

Physical


Here is an example of a covalent chemical …

Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

Dihydrogen monoxide

What is the chemical formula of this compound?

H2O

0803 Chapter 4.3 42

Physical


When you are naming covalent compounds, list

them in left to right order as they appear in the

periodic table.

If there is only one atom in the first element, you

don’t need to use the prefix ‘mono’. Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

N2O

What is the name of this compound?

Dinitrogen

monoxide

0803 Chapter 4.3 43

Physical


Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

CO


Carbon monoxide

0803 Chapter 4.3 44

Physical


Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

Tetraphosphorous

decaoxide

What is the chemical formula of this compound?

P4O10

0803 Chapter 4.3 45

Physical

Science 9 Empirical Formulas

Tetraphosphorous decaoxide

The empirical formula is the simplest (reduced)

chemical formula of a compound.

P4O10

Can be reduced to P2O5

This is the empirical formula.

0803 Chapter 4.3 46

Physical

Science 9 Empirical Formulas

Wart remover

Salad dressing

sugar

Hydrates

0803 Chapter 4.3 47

Hydrates are compounds that have

water molecules attached to them.

Hydrates have the ability to absorb

water into their structure.

Hydrates can form in organic and

inorganic chemistry.

0803 Chapter 4.3 48

Hydrates

Inorganic hydrates have a fixed ratio of

water molecules to the salt they are

attached to (a salt in chemistry is a

metal and non-metal combined, as in

an ionic compound).

They have the ability to “soak up”

water into their chemical structure.

0803 Chapter 4.3 49

Hydrates

They have the ability to “soak up” water into their

chemical structure.

You may see this packet of

Silica gel. This gel absorbs

water. You may have seen these

in products that you purchase.

0803 Chapter 4.3 50

Hydrates

Sodium Polyacrylate is able to absorb 200-300 times

its weight in water.

0803 Chapter 4.3 51

Hydrates

Sodium Polyacrylate is commonly used in diapers

(for obvious reasons).

0803 Chapter 4.3 52

Hydrates

Not all ionic compounds have the ability to form

hydrates.

When you write the formula for a hydrate, you add

the water to the end of the formula, along with the

number of water molecules attached.

0803 Chapter 4.3 53

Physical


Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca

The prefixes for the hydrates are the same as are

used in covalent compounds.

CoCu2 x 5H20

The name of this compound would be

Copper II Chloride pentahydrate

0803 Chapter 4.3 54

Physical


Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca



BaCl2 x 10H20


Barium Chloride decahydrate

0803 Chapter 4.3 55

Physical


Number of

atoms

Prefix

1 Mono

2 Di

3 Tri

4 Tetra

5 Penta

6 Hexa

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona

10 deca



BaF2 x 3H20

What is the chemical formula for Barium

Fluoride trihydrate?

0803 Chapter 4.3 56

Physical

Science 9 Review Time!!!

To name an ionic compound, first name the cation, then the anion.

When an element can form cations with different charges

(transition elements), the cation name must include the charge

(using roman numerals).

Prefixes are used to name covalent compounds made of two

different elements.

An empirical formula tells the relative numbers (ratios) of atoms of

each element in a compound.

physical science 9 s/chapter... · 0803 chapter 4.3 33 physical science 9 ionic compound names turn...

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