physical and natural resources of bangladesh
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Presentation Topic : Political Administration & Legal Environment of Bangladesh
Business FusionGroup Number: 08
BBA 19th Batch, Section: BDepartment of Marketing
University of Dhaka
Serial Name Roll1 Hridoy Biswas 422 Mohammad Faruk 483 Pritam Chakraborty 504 Mohammed Imran Shahriar 1065 Muhammad Noorul Haque 1286 Fahim Hasan 140
7 Md. Abdullah Al Nayem 1688 Asif Ibney Rashid 1809 Shrabonti Dey 184
Contents:
○ Constitution of Bangladesh and its Amendments○ Administrative Structure of Bangladesh
Water Inflow in Bangladesh
Surface Water made up of RIVERs, STREAMs, lakes, BEELs and ponds. This water is enough to cover the entire country to a depth of 9.14m.
About 132 MAF (65% of rainfall and 12% of total) are lost in evaporation (114.30 cm) and the rest flows to the BAY OF BENGAL.
There are about 700 rivers which criss-cross the landscape and create about 98,000 ha of inland water bodies and more than 24,000 km streams or water channels.
Of these, 54 rivers, including the GANGES and the BRAHMAPUTRA, originate from India and 3 originate from Myanmar.
River Systems of Bangladesh
Bangladesh has about 700 rivers with one of the largest networks in the world which have a total length of about 24,140 km.
They consist of tiny hilly streams, winding seasonal creeks, muddy CANALs (khals), some truly magnificent rivers and their tributaries and distributaries.
The watercourses of the country are not evenly distributed. They increase in numbers and size from the northwest of the northern region to the southeast of southern region.
Bangladesh has predominantly four major river systems –(1) The Brahmaputra-Jamuna(2) The Ganges-Padma(3) The Surma-Meghna(4) The Chittagong Region river system.
Pattern of Agriculture in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Agriculture at a Glance:Total area 14.845million hectare
Forest 2.599 million hectare
Cultivable land 8.44 million hectare
Cultivable waste 0.268 million hectare
Net cropped area 7.809 million hectare
Total cropped area 13.742 million hectare
Contribution of agriculture sector to GDP
23.50%
Contribution of crop sector to GDP
13.44%
Manpower in agriculture 62%
Total food crop demand 23.029 million metric ton
Total food crop production 27.787 million metric ton
Net production 24.569 million metric ton
Importance of Agriculture:
Agriculture plays a key role in Bangladesh by contributing 12 percent to its exports, 23.50 percent to its GDP and employing more than 62 percent of its manpower.
Problems of Agriculture in Bangladesh:
Population growthClimate change problems: Floods, riverbank
erosion, drought etc. Rapid urbanization growth.Technology generation (needs expertise,
time and money)Climate change adaptation & mitigation.Alternate livelihoods/rehabilitation
program.
THE TYPES OF FORESTS IN BANGLADESH
Table Status of the state
Reserve forest
Protected forest
Vested forest
Acquired forest
BWDB and khas
Unclassed state forest
Total
594,383 32,303 2,636 11,004 -- 721,344 1361,670
68,140 2,689 19,985 31,198 -- -- 122,012
656,579 -- -- 6 101,526 -- 758,111
13,19,102 34,992 22,621 42,208 101,526 721,344 22,41,793
The sum total of the various plants and animal in a place is known as Forest. To maintain the environmental balance of any area 25 ٪forest of the total area is must there. According to the Bangladesh government total forest of Bangladesh is about 17 ٪ But it is only 10 ٪ according to UNESCO. According to FAO it is about 9٪.
Types of Forest in Bangladesh:
Forests of Bangladesh can be grouped into four broad categories:
Mangrove forest: Sunder ban is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The larger part (62٪) is situated in the southwest corner of Bangladesh. The forest covers 10000 square kilometer of which about 6000 is Bangladesh. Sundarban harbors 334 species of trees, shrubs and epiphytes and 269 species of wild animals.
Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forest: Tropical evergreen and semi evergreen forests are extended over Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong Hills tract and Shylet totaling an area of 670000 hectare which is 4.54 ٪ of total landmass of the country and 44 ٪ of national forest land.
Deciduous Forest : The central and northern districts covering an area of 120000 hector about 0.81 ٪ of total landmass of the country and 7.8 ٪ of the countries forest land are bestowed with Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
Village Forest:Tree coverage in the village forest are 270000 hector which acts as the source of a remarkable portion of the national demand of forest produces. The latest inventory exhibits that atotak of 54.7 million cu m forest produces in this village forest
Mineral Resources
Mineral Resource is defined as a occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or
on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade that it has reasonable prospects for economic
extraction.
General types of mineral resource in Bangladesh:
01 Oil and gas 02 Coal03 Limestone04 Hard Rock05 Peat 06 Construction sand07 Gravel08 Glass sand09 White Clay10 Beach sand11 Brick Clay12 Mines
OilHistoryThe only oilfield of the country has been discovered at Haripur in 1986.
ReserveIt has an estimated in-Bangladesh oil reserve of about 10 million barrels.
ProductionThe oil field produced 0.56 million barrels of oil in six and a half years
Uses of it Mineral oil is used generally in transports and to make light in rural area.
Oil field of Haripur
Coal and GasTill now 25 gas fields have
been found in Bangladesh. It is used in transports
and in cooking and impornatly in cement factory
Coal first discovered in the country by GSP in 1959
Coal is mainly consumed in brickfields both in public and private sectors, and in small industries
Gasfield, Fenchuganj
Barajpukuria coal, Dinajpur
Peat HISTORY
In 1953, a large scale of peat was discovered at Baghia-Chanda Bil in Faridpur and at Kola Monja in Khulna
RESERVEThe reserve of dry peat is about 170
million tons. The major deposits are in greater in the districts of Faridpur (150 million tons).
Uses of peat • In industries for combustion of brick.• To generate electricity in villages.• Peat can be used as fuel for domestic purposes .
Peat
LimestoneHistory It was discovered in 1960 in
Jaypurhat.
Found area In Bangladesh limestone is found in
Taker Ghat, Lalghat and Bangli Bazar of sylhet area, Jaypurhat and Saint-mertine of Cox’s bazaar district
Uses It is primarily used in cement
industry.
Fossiliferous limestone, Sylhet
Hard Rock & Glass Sand
Hard Rock:A large deposit of hard rock has been
discovered by GSB at depth 130-160 m below the surface at Maddhayapara,Dinajpur.
This hardrock will be used in construction such as road, highway, and railway track.
Glass sand:Important deposits of glass sand are at
Balijuri, Shahjibajar, Chauddagram, Maddhayapara and Barabukuria
Total deposit is about 109.58 M ton.It is used in glass industry.
Glass sand
Hard Rock, Dinajpur
Industrial Setup in Bangladesh
Ancient Time The Mughal period
British period Pakistan period
Industry after The Birth of Bangladesh:
● Industry sector was severely damaged during the war of liberation in 1971.
● The public sector started in 1972 with
Industries Number
Production Capacity
Jute Mills 72 79,200 tons
Textile Mills 44 13.4 million pounds
Sugar Mills 15 169,000 tons
Fertilizer Factories 2 446,000 tons
Steel Mill 1 350,000 tons
Ship Buildinh Yard 1
Industries marked by notable development in Bangladesh in the mid 1980’s which includes….
o Ship building.o Automobile assembling.o Oil refinery.o Insulators and sanitary-wares.o Telephone equipments.o Electrical goods.o TV assembling.o Cigarettes ando Vegetable oil (REVO- Refined edible vegetable oil).
● In 1990’s, The country achieved a significant success in developing Garments Industry.● Industrialization efforts of Govt. during 1990’s ◦ Investment in balancing modernization and reconstruction ◦ Creating of new industrial state and export processing zones ◦ Promotion of private investment and attraction of foreign direct investment
● In 2000 the total employment in industry was estimated as 600,000 of which the privatization sector employed 500,000.
Major Industrial Area:1. Gazipur2. Dhaka-Narayngonj3. Chittagong4. Khulna5. Bogra6. Rajshahi
THE END